Abstract: Oncolytic virus can recruit and activate immune cells against tumor cells without damaging normal cells, thus to infect and destroy the target cells and the tumor vascular system. The transformed oncolytic virus can selectively replicate and express reporter genes in tumor cells, which has attracted more and more attention in oncology field. Currently, many studies are committed to optimizing the traceability of oncolytic virus replication, via noninvasive and continuous identification of virus targeting tumor and measuring the level of virus infection, to provide safe and effective information by molecular imaging. This real-time tracking will provide useful virus dose and administration schedule information for optimizing treatment and avoid repeated biopsies. In addition, molecular imaging of oncolytic virus therapy can provide a more sensitive and specific diagnostic technique to detect the origin and metastasis of tumor. Imaging methods for tracking virus replication mainly include optical imaging and deep tissue imaging. Authors summarize the progress of oncolytic virus imaging methods in recent years, ploting the advantage and deficiency of each imaging method.