Abstract: Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is highly expressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) of more than 90% epithelial tumors with specificity and broad spectrum. FAP ligands, such as targeted antibodies, small molecule inhibitors and peptides, are used in tumor targeted imaging, therapy and precise surgical navigation by coupling radionuclides and fluorescent probes. Moreover, through dimerization, construction of new dosage forms such as albumin, nano-delivery system and other means to optimize the biological distribution of FAP targeted drug to increase its retention and biological effects in tumor and promote its use in tumor targeted internal radiation therapy and photothermal therapy. In addition to neoplastic diseases, FAP can also provide valuable targets for imaging and therapy of inflammatory disease. This article reviews the research progress of imaging and therapy of FAP in tumor and non-tumor diseases in recent years.