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甲状腺癌是最常见的内分泌系统恶性肿瘤,其中DTC约占90%。甲状腺球蛋白(thyroglobulin, Tg)是一种甲状腺特异性蛋白,目前被认为是临床监测DTC持续存在、复发和(或)转移的特异性标志物[1],但其常受到甲状腺球蛋白抗体(thyroglobulin antibody, TgAb)的影响[2]。TgAb阳性(≥40 IU/ml)时Tg水平不能准确反映肿瘤负荷,进而导致Tg在随访中的价值受到限制。临床上对于TgAb阳性的DTC患者的临床转归影响因素及随访模式尚未达成共识。目前多数研究主要侧重于TgAb的变化趋势与DTC复发和临床转归的关系[3-7],而对于TgAb由阳转阴的患者,其转阴时间与临床转归的关系的报道较少。本研究旨在探究经131I治疗后TgAb由阳转阴的DTC患者TgAb转阴时间与临床转归的关系。
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组织病理学检查结果证实126例患者均为DTC,包括经典型112例、滤泡亚型7例、鞋钉亚型5例、嗜酸细胞亚型2例。126例患者中,疗效满意组109例、疗效不满意组17例(其中疗效不确切组7例、生化疗效不佳组4例、结构性疗效不佳组 6例)。所有患者的TgAb中位转阴时间为25个月。疗效满意组患者均仅行1次131I治疗(清甲治疗85例、辅助治疗24例);而疗效不满意组患者中,有10例患者行1次131I治疗(清甲治疗6例、辅助治疗4例),6例患者行2次131I清灶治疗,1例患者行3次131I清灶治疗。
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由表1可知,疗效满意组与疗效不满意组患者首次131I治疗后12个月TgAb水平的下降率、TgAb转阴时间、131I治疗总剂量的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),而2组的年龄、性别、原发灶最大径、是否合并桥本甲状腺炎、肿瘤是否多灶、TgAb水平(术前及首次131I治疗前)、术前TPOAb水平、首次131I治疗后(1、6个月)TgAb水平的下降率、肿瘤分期、淋巴结分期、淋巴结转移率、首次131I治疗前复发危险分层的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。
项目 疗效满意组(n=109) 疗效不满意组(n=17) 检验值 P值 年龄( ,岁)$\bar x\pm s $ 41.16±10.95 45.18±13.62 t=−1.361 0.176 性别[例(%)] χ2=5.743 0.170 女性 99(90.83) 12(70.59) 男性 10(9.17) 5(29.41) 原发灶最大径
[M(Q1, Q3), cm]1.20(0.80,1.55) 1.30(0.90,2.25) Z=−1.172 0.241 肿瘤是否多灶[例(%)] χ2=0.262 0.608 是 39(35.78) 5(29.41) 否 70(64.22) 12(70.59) 术前TPOAb水平( , IU/ml)$ \bar x\pm s $ 135.00±185.14 94.84±180.31 t=0.727 0.469 是否合并桥本甲状腺炎[例(%)] χ2=3.580 0.058 是 71(65.14) 7(41.18) 否 38(34.86) 10(58.82) 淋巴结转移率
[M(Q1, Q3), %]20.00(6.76,40.00) 29.57(14.96,38.61) Z=0.397 0.692 TgAb水平
[M(Q1, Q3), IU/ml]术前 376.55(236.60,602.70) 363.00(263.70,585.65) Z=−0.226 0.821 131I治疗前 294.30(161.65,395.95) 207.50(134.35,389.05) Z=−0.921 0.357 131I治疗后TgAb水平的下降率
[M(Q1, Q3), %]1个月 32.02(3.39,46.09) 29.18(0.68,42.01) Z=−0.518 0.605 6个月 84.29(75.39,90.56) 74.33(63.73,89.57) Z=−1.678 0.093 12个月 89.84(82.81,94.70) 83.01(74.99,91.08) Z=−2.168 0.030 TgAb转阴时间( , 个月)$ \bar x\pm s $ 25.06±17.96 45.41±22.11 t=−4.206 <0.001 131I治疗总剂量[M(Q1, Q3), MBq] 3 700(3 700,3 700) 5 550(3 700,10 545) Z=−4.388 <0.001 肿瘤分期[例(%)] χ2=6.506 0.164 T1 57(52.29) 10(58.82) T2 4(3.67) 2(11.76) T3 35(32.11) 2(11.76) T4 12(11.01) 2(11.76) Tx 1(0.92) 1(5.90) 淋巴结分期[例(%)] χ2=5.017 0.081 N0 21(19.27) 2(11.76) N1a 36(33.23) 2(11.76) N1b 52(47.71) 13(76.48) 首次131I治疗前复发危险分层[例(%)] χ2=0.523 0.470 中危 67(61.47) 12(70.59) 高危 42(38.53) 5(29.41) 注:TPOAb为甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体;TgAb为甲状腺球蛋白抗体 表 1 131I治疗后疗效满意组与疗效不满意组分化型甲状腺癌患者临床及组织病理学资料的比较
Table 1. Comparison of clinical and histopathological data between excellent response group and non-excellent response group in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer after 131I therapy
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Logistic回归分析结果显示,TgAb转阴时间及131I治疗总剂量为预测TgAb由阳转阴DTC患者临床转归的独立危险因素(OR=1.036、1.033,P=0.034、0.001)。
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ROC曲线(图1)结果显示,在TgAb由阳转阴的DTC患者中,预测其临床转归的TgAb转阴时间的最佳临界值为31.5个月,ROC的AUC=0.766(95%CI:0.650~0.881,P<0.001),灵敏度、特异度分别为78.00%、70.60%。
分化型甲状腺癌131I治疗后TgAb由阳转阴时间与临床转归的关系
Relationship between the disappearance time of TgAb and clinical outcomes in TgAb-positive differentiated thyroid cancer after 131I therapy
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摘要:
目的 探究131I治疗前甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)阳性(≥40 IU/ml)的分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)患者131I治疗后TgAb转阴时间与临床转归的关系,并分析影响的因素。 方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2019年1月在青岛大学附属医院行甲状腺全切术及131I治疗前TgAb阳性的126例DTC患者的临床资料,其中男性15例、女性111例,年龄11~74(42.1±11.5)岁。将患者按末次随访时的治疗反应分为疗效满意组和疗效不满意组。采用卡方检验、独立样本t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验分析2组间年龄、性别、原发灶最大径、肿瘤是否多灶、是否合并桥本甲状腺炎、术前甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)水平、TgAb水平(术前及首次131I治疗前)、首次131I治疗后(1、6、12个月)TgAb水平的下降率、TgAb转阴时间、131I治疗总剂量、肿瘤分期、淋巴结分期、淋巴结转移率、首次131I治疗前复发危险分层的差异,对差异有统计学意义的变量进一步行Logistic回归分析,明确影响患者临床转归的独立危险因素。通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线确定预测患者临床转归的最佳临界值。 结果 疗效满意组患者共109例,疗效不满意组患者共17例。2组间首次131I治疗后12个月TgAb水平下降率[89.84%(82.81%,94.70%)对83.01%(74.99%,91.08%),Z=−2.168,P=0.030]、TgAb转阴时间[(25.06±17.96)个月对(45.41±22.11)个月,t=−4.206,P<0.001]、131I治疗总剂量[3 700(3 700,3 700) MBq对5 550(3 700,10 545) MBq,Z=−4.388,P<0.001]的差异有统计学意义;而Logistic回归分析结果显示,TgAb转阴时间(OR=1.036,P=0.034)及131I治疗总剂量(OR=1.033,P=0.001)为预测临床转归的独立危险因素。ROC曲线分析结果显示,当TgAb转阴时间临界值为31.5个月(曲线下面积为0.766,95%CI:0.650~0.881,P<0.001)时,其预测临床转归的灵敏度及特异度最高,分别为78.00%和70.60%。 结论 对于131I治疗前TgAb阳性的DTC患者,其TgAb转阴时间和131I治疗总剂量是预测患者临床转归的独立危险因素。TgAb在首次131I治疗后31.5个月内转阴的患者更易获得满意疗效,且疗效满意组患者所需的131I治疗总剂量比疗效不满意组更低。 Abstract:Objective To explore the relationship between the disappearance time of thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and clinical outcomes in TgAb-positive (≥40 IU/ml) differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients before 131I therapy and analyze the influencing factors. Methods A total of 126 TgAb-positive DTC patients who underwent total thyroidectomy and 131I therapy in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2014 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients included 15 males and 111 females, aged 11−74(42.1±11.5) years old. The patients were divided into the excellent and non-excellent response group according to the clinical outcomes at the last follow-up. The chi-square, independent-samples t, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze the age, the gender, the maximum diameter of the primary tumor, whether the tumor was multifocal, whether the tumor is combined with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, the preoperative thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) level, the TgAb level (preoperative and before the first 131I therapy), the TgAb declined rate at 1/6/12 months after the first 131I therapy, the disappearance time of TgAb, the total 131I dosage, the tumor stage, the lymph node stage, the lymph node metastasis rate, and the recurrence risk stratification before the first 131I therapy. The differences between the two groups were further analyzed by Logistic regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the cut-off value for judging clinical outcomes. Results A total of 109 patients formed the excellent response group, and 17 patients formed the non-excellent response group. In the univariate analysis, the TgAb declined rate at 12 months after the first 131I therapy (89.84% (82.81%, 94.70%) vs. 83.01% (74.99%, 91.08%), Z=−2.168, P=0.030), the disappearance time of TgAb ((25.06±17.96) months vs. (45.41±22.11) months, t=−4.206, P<0.001), and the total 131I dosage (3 700(3 700, 3 700) MBq vs. 5 550(3 700, 10 545) MBq, Z=−4.388, P<0.001) showed statistically significant differences. The Logistic regression analysis showed that the disappearance time of TgAb (OR=1.036, P=0.034) and the total 131I dosage (OR=1.033, P=0.001) were the independent risk factors for predicting the clinical outcomes. ROC curve analysis showed that when the cut-off value of the disappearance time of TgAb was 31.5 months (area under the curve=0.766, 95%CI: 0.650−0.881, P<0.001), the sensitivity and specificity of predicting clinical outcomes were the highest, 78.00% and 70.60%, respectively. Conclusions For TgAb-positive DTC patients before 131I therapy, the disappearance time of TgAb and the total 131I dosage were the independent risk factors of the clinical outcomes. The patients were likely to obtain excellent response with the disappearance time of TgAb within 31.5 months after the first 131I therapy, and the total dosage of 131I required by the patients in the excellent response group was much lower than that required by the patients in the non-excellent response group. -
表 1 131I治疗后疗效满意组与疗效不满意组分化型甲状腺癌患者临床及组织病理学资料的比较
Table 1. Comparison of clinical and histopathological data between excellent response group and non-excellent response group in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer after 131I therapy
项目 疗效满意组(n=109) 疗效不满意组(n=17) 检验值 P值 年龄( ,岁)$\bar x\pm s $ 41.16±10.95 45.18±13.62 t=−1.361 0.176 性别[例(%)] χ2=5.743 0.170 女性 99(90.83) 12(70.59) 男性 10(9.17) 5(29.41) 原发灶最大径
[M(Q1, Q3), cm]1.20(0.80,1.55) 1.30(0.90,2.25) Z=−1.172 0.241 肿瘤是否多灶[例(%)] χ2=0.262 0.608 是 39(35.78) 5(29.41) 否 70(64.22) 12(70.59) 术前TPOAb水平( , IU/ml)$ \bar x\pm s $ 135.00±185.14 94.84±180.31 t=0.727 0.469 是否合并桥本甲状腺炎[例(%)] χ2=3.580 0.058 是 71(65.14) 7(41.18) 否 38(34.86) 10(58.82) 淋巴结转移率
[M(Q1, Q3), %]20.00(6.76,40.00) 29.57(14.96,38.61) Z=0.397 0.692 TgAb水平
[M(Q1, Q3), IU/ml]术前 376.55(236.60,602.70) 363.00(263.70,585.65) Z=−0.226 0.821 131I治疗前 294.30(161.65,395.95) 207.50(134.35,389.05) Z=−0.921 0.357 131I治疗后TgAb水平的下降率
[M(Q1, Q3), %]1个月 32.02(3.39,46.09) 29.18(0.68,42.01) Z=−0.518 0.605 6个月 84.29(75.39,90.56) 74.33(63.73,89.57) Z=−1.678 0.093 12个月 89.84(82.81,94.70) 83.01(74.99,91.08) Z=−2.168 0.030 TgAb转阴时间( , 个月)$ \bar x\pm s $ 25.06±17.96 45.41±22.11 t=−4.206 <0.001 131I治疗总剂量[M(Q1, Q3), MBq] 3 700(3 700,3 700) 5 550(3 700,10 545) Z=−4.388 <0.001 肿瘤分期[例(%)] χ2=6.506 0.164 T1 57(52.29) 10(58.82) T2 4(3.67) 2(11.76) T3 35(32.11) 2(11.76) T4 12(11.01) 2(11.76) Tx 1(0.92) 1(5.90) 淋巴结分期[例(%)] χ2=5.017 0.081 N0 21(19.27) 2(11.76) N1a 36(33.23) 2(11.76) N1b 52(47.71) 13(76.48) 首次131I治疗前复发危险分层[例(%)] χ2=0.523 0.470 中危 67(61.47) 12(70.59) 高危 42(38.53) 5(29.41) 注:TPOAb为甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体;TgAb为甲状腺球蛋白抗体 -
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