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成纤维细胞活化蛋白(fibroblast activation protein,FAP)是一种具有二肽基肽酶和内肽酶活性的蛋白酶,在90%上皮肿瘤的肿瘤相关成纤维细胞(cancer-associated fibroblasts,CAFs)中过表达,而在正常组织中几乎不表达。近年来,以FAP为靶点的成像研究受到了越来越多的关注,并开发了多种基于喹诺酮类FAP抑制剂(fibroblast activation protein inhibitor,FAPI)的显像剂用于成像研究。与FDG相比,FAP具有更好的成像优势,如更高的肿瘤摄取率、肿瘤与背景的比值(tomor to background ratio,TBR)和灵敏度。其中一些显像剂已被用于各种肿瘤患者中进行了成像研究,并取得了一定的进展。我们就各种靶向FAP的PET显像剂及其临床转化的研究进展进行综述。
靶向成纤维细胞活化蛋白PET显像剂的研究进展
Research progress of PET imaging agents targeting fibroblast activation protein
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摘要: 成纤维细胞活化蛋白(FAP)在90%上皮肿瘤的肿瘤相关成纤维细胞中过表达,而在正常组织中几乎不表达,因此FAP是肿瘤诊疗的重要靶标。一系列靶向FAP的显像剂在临床前研究PET显像中展现出良好的成像结果,其表现为特异性高摄取和非靶向性低摄取。与氟脱氧葡萄糖显像相比,FAP显像在大多数恶性肿瘤中显示出更高的摄取值和灵敏性。大量的临床研究也逐步开展。靶向FAP的显像剂在多种恶性肿瘤的研究中取得了一定的进展,且有研究证实FAP在部分非肿瘤性疾病(如心肌梗死、免疫球蛋白G亚型4、结核等)中也会有高表达,因此靶向FAP的显像剂也可用于非肿瘤性疾病的诊断。笔者就靶向FAP的PET新型分子探针及其临床转化的研究进展进行综述。
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关键词:
- 癌相关成纤维细胞 /
- 成纤维细胞活化蛋白 /
- 正电子发射断层显像术 /
- 显像剂
Abstract: Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is overexpressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts in 90% of epithelial tumors, but hardly expressed in normal tissues. Therefore, FAP is an important target for tumor diagnosis and treatment. A series of imaging agents targeting FAP have shown favorable imaging results in preclinical studies with specific high uptake and non-targeted low uptake. Compared with fluorodeoxyglucose imaging, FAP imaging showed higher uptake value and sensitivity in most malignancies. Since then, a large number of clinical studies have been gradually carried out. Some progress has been made in the study of various malignant tumors with imaging agents targeting FAP, and some studies have confirmed that FAP is effective in some non-tumor diseases (such as myocardial infarction, immunoglobulin G4, Tuberculosis, etc.) are also highly expressed. So imaging agents targeting FAP can also be used for the diagnosis of non-neoplastic diseases. This article reviews the research progress of novel molecular probes for PET targeting FAP and their clinical translation. -
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