Abstract: As one of the main treatments of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression therapy reduces the risk of recurrence and metastasis of DTC. It also accelerates bone turnover, leads to decreased bone density and deterioration of bone microstructure, increases the risk of osteoporosis and fragility fractures, thus affecting the survival rate and quality of life of DTC patients. This article reviews the recent research progress of osteoporosis caused by TSH suppression therapy in DTC patients to provide a reference for the development of individualized treatment strategies for DTC patients.