Abstract: ¹³¹I therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is a mature technology with remarkable effects. As one of the main methods of postoperative comprehensive treatment for patients with DTC, it has been widely used in clinical. But the resulting manifestations of salivary gland radiation injury (dry mouth, parotid gland swelling pain, and taste alteration, etc.) have a certain impact on DTC patients' survival quality. In recent years, various salivary gland radiation injury protective agents have emerged, but their exact efficacy is limited and the treatment plan has not been standardized and unified. The author reviews the research progress on radiation injury of salivary gland and its prevention and treatments in DTC patients treated with ¹³¹I after operation.