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全脑全脊髓照射(craniospinal irradiation,CSI)适用于有脑脊液转移或存在脑脊液转移倾向的髓母细胞瘤、生殖细胞瘤、恶性室管膜瘤、中枢神经系统恶性淋巴瘤及儿童中枢神经系统白血病等疾病的治疗[1]。CSI-常规放疗(conventional radiotherapy,CRT)在射野衔接处存在剂量冷、热点问题,需要定期移动两野衔接处,减少剂量不均匀的影响[2],其治疗过程十分复杂,现已逐步被调强适形放疗(intensity-modulated radiotherapy,IMRT)、螺旋断层放疗(helical tomotherapy,HT)、容积旋转调强放疗(volumetric modulated arc therapy,VMAT)等新型放疗技术所代替。虽然新型放疗技术可明显改善肿瘤靶区和交界层的剂量分布[3-4],但其存在骨髓抑制较严重的问题[5]。严重的骨髓抑制常影响CSI治疗的顺利进行[6],降低肿瘤治愈率[7],因此成为临床医师关注的热点问题。随着科室设备的更新,解放军联勤保障部队第九〇〇医院从2018年5月始采用CSI-IMRT技术代替传统的CSI-CRT技术,我们就这2种技术导致的急性血液学不良反应进行比较。
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由表1可知,CSI-IMRT组和CSI-CRT组患者在性别、病理学类型、肿瘤位置、脊髓受侵、是否手术、美国东部肿瘤协作组评分方面的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。
CSI-CRT组(n=32)
CSI-IMRT组(n=16)检验值
P值性别[例(%)] χ2=2.297 0.130 男 19(59.4) 13(81.3) 女 13(40.6) 3(18.7) 年龄[M(Q1,Q3),岁] 14.5(5,36) 15.0(3,28) Z=2.357 0.125 病理学类型[例(%)] χ2=1.548 0.818 生殖细胞瘤 10(31.3) 7(43.8) 髓母细胞瘤 18(56.3) 8(50.0) 室管膜瘤 1(3.1) 0 松果体母细胞瘤 2(6.2) 1(6.2) 原始神经外胚层肿瘤 1(3.1) 0 肿瘤位置[例(%)] χ2=5.730 0.126 小脑 11(34.4) 1(6.2) 松果体 5(15.6) 4(25.0) 鞍区 4(12.5) 1(6.2) 脑室 12(37.5) 10(62.5) 脊髓受侵[例(%)] χ2=0.511 0.475 是 1(3.1) 0 否 31(96.9) 16(100.0) 手术[例(%)] χ2=0.857 0.355 是 29(90.6) 13(81.3) 否 3(9.4) 3(18.7) ECOG评分[例(%)] χ2=1.338 0.247 0分 26(81.3) 15(93.8) 1分 6(18.7) 1(6.2) 注:CSI为全脑全脊髓照射;CRT为常规放疗;IMRT为调强适形放疗;ECOG为美国东部肿瘤协作组 表 1 CSI-IMRT组与CSI-CRT组患者一般资料的比较
Table 1. Comparison of general data of patients between craniospinal irradiation-intensity-modulated radiotherapy group and craniospinal irradiation-conventional radiotherapy group
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放疗期间,CSI-IMRT组和CSI-CRT组患者开始出现骨髓抑制的时间(从放疗第1天开始计时)分别为5~26(10.8±6.8)d和5~29(10.3±6.2)d,骨髓抑制程度最严重的时间分别为9~34(20.1±6.0)d和7~36(16.0±8.0)d,且差异均无统计学意义(t=0.221、−1.653,均P>0.05)。
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由表2可知,CSI-IMRT组发生骨髓抑制程度最严重的患者在WBC、血小板计数减少及血红蛋白含量降低的发生率分别为87.5%、56.2%和56.2%;CSI-CRT组的发生率分别为78.1%、31.3%和53.1%,2组间的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。由表3可知,CSI-IMRT组和CSI-CRT组发生严重骨髓抑制患者在WBC、血小板计数减少及血红蛋白含量降低的发生率分别为25.0%、12.5%、6.3% 和21.9%、3.1%、9.4%,且差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。
组别 白细胞计数减少 血小板计数减少 血红蛋白含量降低 0级 Ⅰ~Ⅳ级 0级 Ⅰ~Ⅳ级 0级 Ⅰ~Ⅳ级 CSI-IMRT组(n=16) 2(12.5) 14(87.5) 7(43.8) 9(56.2) 7(43.8) 9(56.3) CSI-CRT组(n=32) 7(21.9) 25(78.1) 22(68.8) 10(31.2) 15(46.9) 17(53.1) χ2值 0.615 2.788 0.042 P值 0.433 0.095 0.838 注:0级表示正常;Ⅰ~Ⅳ级表示发生骨髓抑制;CSI为全脑全脊髓照射;IMRT为调强适形放疗;CRT为常规放疗 表 2 CSI-IMRT组与CSI-CRT组患者发生骨髓抑制血液学指标的比较[例(%)]
Table 2. Comparison of hematological indexes of myelosuppression between craniospinal irradiation-intensity-modulated radiotherapy group and craniospinal irradiation-conventional radiotherapy group (cases (%))
组别 白细胞计数减少 血小板计数减少 血红蛋白含量降低 <Ⅲ级 Ⅲ~Ⅳ级 <Ⅲ级 Ⅲ~Ⅳ级 <Ⅲ级 Ⅲ~Ⅳ级 CSI-IMRT组(n=16) 12(75.0) 4(25.0) 14(87.5) 2(12.5) 15(93.8) 1(6.3) CSI-CRT组(n=32) 25(78.1) 7(21.9) 31(96.9) 1(3.1) 29(90.6) 3(9.4) χ2值 0.059 1.600 0.136 P值 0.808 0.206 0.712 注:Ⅲ~Ⅳ级表示重度骨髓抑制;CSI为全脑全脊髓照射;IMRT为调强适形放疗;CRT为常规放疗 表 3 CSI-IMRT组与CSI-CRT组全患者发生严重骨髓抑制血液学指标的比较[例(%)]
Table 3. Comparison of hematological indexes at the most severe degree of myelosuppression between craniospinal irradiation-intensity-modulated radiotherapy group and craniospinal irradiation-conventional radiotherapy group (cases (%))
全脑全脊髓照射调强放疗与常规放疗致急性血液学不良反应的比较
Comparison of acute hematological adverse reactions induced by craniospinal irradiation with intensity-modulated radiotherapy and conventional radiotherapy
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摘要:
目的 比较全脑全脊髓照射(CSI)调强放疗(IMRT)与常规放疗(CRT)导致的急性血液学不良反应的差别。 方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2021年5月于解放军联勤保障部队第九〇〇医院行CSI治疗的48例中枢神经系统恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料和血液学资料,其中男性32例、女性16例,年龄3~56(14.7±5.6)岁。按照所采用的放疗技术将患者分为CSI-IMRT组(16例)和CSI-CRT组(32例)。根据不良反应通用术语标准4.0版,比较2组患者在放疗期间急性血液学不良反应的情况。计量资料的比较采用独立样本t检验,计数资料的比较采用χ2检验。 结果 CSI-IMRT组和CSI-CRT组患者在性别、病理学类型、肿瘤位置、脊髓受侵、是否手术、美国东部肿瘤协作组评分方面的差异均无统计学意义(χ2=0.511~5.730, 均P>0.05)。CSI-IMRT组和CSI-CRT组患者开始出现骨髓抑制的时间[5~26(10.8±6.8) d 对5~29(10.3±6.2) d]和骨髓抑制程度最严重的时间[9~34(20.1±6.0) d对7~36(16.0±8.0) d]的差异均无统计学意义(t=0.221、−1.653,均 P>0.05)。CSI-IMRT组和CSI-CRT组白细胞计数(WBC)和血小板计数减少、血红蛋白含量降低发生率的差异均无统计学意义[87.5%(14/16)对78.1%(25/32)、56.2%(9/16)对31.2%(10/32)、56.2%(9/16)对53.1%(17/32),χ2=0.615、2.788、0.042,均P>0.05];发生严重骨髓抑制(Ⅲ~Ⅳ级)患者在WBC和血小板计数减少、血红蛋白含量降低发生率的差异均无统计学意义[25.0%(4/16)对21.9%(7/32)、12.5%(2/16)对3.1%(1/32)、6.2%(1/16)对9.4%(3/32),χ2=0.059、1.600、0.136,均P>0.05]。 结论 CSI-IMRT与CSI-CRT导致的骨髓抑制和严重骨髓抑制(Ⅲ级以上)的发生率无显著差异,CSI-IMRT具有剂量学优势,值得临床进一步推广应用。 Abstract:Objective To compare the differences in acute hematological adverse reactions induced by craniospinal irradiation (CSI) with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and conventional radiotherapy (CRT). Methods The clinical data and hematological data of 48 patients with central nervous system malignant tumors who underwent CSI treatment at the 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA from January 2008 to May 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients included 32 males and 16 females, aged 3–56(14.7±5.6) years old. On the basis of the radiotherapy technique used, the patients were divided into the CSI-IMRT group (16 cases) and CSI-CRT group (32 cases). Acute hematological adverse reactions during radiotherapy were compared between the two groups according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. The independent sample t test was used to compare the measurement data, and the χ2 test was used to compare the count data. Results No significant difference was found between the CSI-IMRT group and the CSI-CRT group in terms of gender, histopathological type, tumor location, spinal cord invaded, surgery, and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score (χ2=0.511–5.730, all P>0.05). No significant difference in the onset time of myelosuppression (5–26(10.8±6.8) days vs. 5–29(10.3±6.2) days) and the time of most severe myelosuppression (9–34(20.1±6.0) days vs. 7–36(16.0±8.0) days) between the CSI-IMRT group and CSI-CRT group (t=0.221, −1.653; both P>0.05). No significant difference in the incidence of decreased white blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts and hemoglobin content between the CSI-IMRT group and CSI-CRT group (87.5%(14/16) vs. 78.1%(25/32), 56.2%(9/16) vs. 31.2% (10/32), 56.2%(9/16) vs. 53.1%(17/32); χ2= 0.615, 2.788, 0.042; all P>0.05). No significant difference was observed in the incidence of decreased WBC and platelet counts and decreased hemoglobin content (severe myelosuppression) in grades Ⅲ–Ⅳ (25.0% (4/16) vs. 21.9% (7/32), 12.5% (2/16) vs. 3.1% (1/32), 6.2% (1/16) vs. 9.4% (3/32); χ2= 0.059, 1.600, 0.136; all P>0.05]. Conclusions No significant difference in the incidence of myelosuppression and severe myelosuppression (grade Ⅲ or above) induced by CSI-IMRT and CSI-CRT. CSI-IMRT has dosimetric advantages and is worthy of further clinical application. -
表 1 CSI-IMRT组与CSI-CRT组患者一般资料的比较
Table 1. Comparison of general data of patients between craniospinal irradiation-intensity-modulated radiotherapy group and craniospinal irradiation-conventional radiotherapy group
CSI-CRT组(n=32)
CSI-IMRT组(n=16)检验值
P值性别[例(%)] χ2=2.297 0.130 男 19(59.4) 13(81.3) 女 13(40.6) 3(18.7) 年龄[M(Q1,Q3),岁] 14.5(5,36) 15.0(3,28) Z=2.357 0.125 病理学类型[例(%)] χ2=1.548 0.818 生殖细胞瘤 10(31.3) 7(43.8) 髓母细胞瘤 18(56.3) 8(50.0) 室管膜瘤 1(3.1) 0 松果体母细胞瘤 2(6.2) 1(6.2) 原始神经外胚层肿瘤 1(3.1) 0 肿瘤位置[例(%)] χ2=5.730 0.126 小脑 11(34.4) 1(6.2) 松果体 5(15.6) 4(25.0) 鞍区 4(12.5) 1(6.2) 脑室 12(37.5) 10(62.5) 脊髓受侵[例(%)] χ2=0.511 0.475 是 1(3.1) 0 否 31(96.9) 16(100.0) 手术[例(%)] χ2=0.857 0.355 是 29(90.6) 13(81.3) 否 3(9.4) 3(18.7) ECOG评分[例(%)] χ2=1.338 0.247 0分 26(81.3) 15(93.8) 1分 6(18.7) 1(6.2) 注:CSI为全脑全脊髓照射;CRT为常规放疗;IMRT为调强适形放疗;ECOG为美国东部肿瘤协作组 表 2 CSI-IMRT组与CSI-CRT组患者发生骨髓抑制血液学指标的比较[例(%)]
Table 2. Comparison of hematological indexes of myelosuppression between craniospinal irradiation-intensity-modulated radiotherapy group and craniospinal irradiation-conventional radiotherapy group (cases (%))
组别 白细胞计数减少 血小板计数减少 血红蛋白含量降低 0级 Ⅰ~Ⅳ级 0级 Ⅰ~Ⅳ级 0级 Ⅰ~Ⅳ级 CSI-IMRT组(n=16) 2(12.5) 14(87.5) 7(43.8) 9(56.2) 7(43.8) 9(56.3) CSI-CRT组(n=32) 7(21.9) 25(78.1) 22(68.8) 10(31.2) 15(46.9) 17(53.1) χ2值 0.615 2.788 0.042 P值 0.433 0.095 0.838 注:0级表示正常;Ⅰ~Ⅳ级表示发生骨髓抑制;CSI为全脑全脊髓照射;IMRT为调强适形放疗;CRT为常规放疗 表 3 CSI-IMRT组与CSI-CRT组全患者发生严重骨髓抑制血液学指标的比较[例(%)]
Table 3. Comparison of hematological indexes at the most severe degree of myelosuppression between craniospinal irradiation-intensity-modulated radiotherapy group and craniospinal irradiation-conventional radiotherapy group (cases (%))
组别 白细胞计数减少 血小板计数减少 血红蛋白含量降低 <Ⅲ级 Ⅲ~Ⅳ级 <Ⅲ级 Ⅲ~Ⅳ级 <Ⅲ级 Ⅲ~Ⅳ级 CSI-IMRT组(n=16) 12(75.0) 4(25.0) 14(87.5) 2(12.5) 15(93.8) 1(6.3) CSI-CRT组(n=32) 25(78.1) 7(21.9) 31(96.9) 1(3.1) 29(90.6) 3(9.4) χ2值 0.059 1.600 0.136 P值 0.808 0.206 0.712 注:Ⅲ~Ⅳ级表示重度骨髓抑制;CSI为全脑全脊髓照射;IMRT为调强适形放疗;CRT为常规放疗 -
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