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甲状腺癌是最常见的内分泌恶性肿瘤,其发病率在全球范围内持续上升,尤以甲状腺乳头状癌发病率的增长为著[1],女性的发病率明显高于男性。分化型甲状腺癌(differentiated thyroid cancer,DTC)是最常见的甲状腺癌,占甲状腺癌的90%以上,其主要包括甲状腺乳头状癌和甲状腺滤泡状癌[2],DTC患者的10年生存率>90%[3],约23%的DTC患者会发生远处转移[4],其中约1/3发生失分化,最终发展为碘难治性DTC(radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer,RAIR-DTC)[5]。RAIR-DTC患者的预后较差,生存期仅为2.5~3.5年,手术、放射性碘和TSH抑制治疗对大多数DTC患者有效,但对RAIR-DTC患者的治疗手段有限[6]。近年的研究结果表明,多激酶抑制剂(MKI)可显著延长进展性RAIR-DTC患者的中位无进展生存期,但几乎所有患者都会产生不同程度的药物相关不良反应,从而降低其生活质量以及对治疗的坚持,最终影响疗效[2, 7-8]。因此,仍有必要确定新的诊断和治疗靶点,以便更有效地识别和治疗RAIR-DTC患者。前列腺特异性膜抗原(prostate specific membrane antigen,PSMA)又称谷氨酸羧肽酶Ⅱ,是一种高度局限于前列腺上皮的Ⅱ型跨膜糖蛋白[9],近年来,靶向PSMA显像及治疗有了突飞猛进的发展[10],PSMA已成为前列腺癌放射性核素显像及治疗的有效分子靶点[11-12]。多个研究结果表明,DTC新生血管内皮细胞中存在PSMA的表达[13-17],靶向PSMA显像及治疗在DTC中亦表现出良好的应用前景[18-23]。本文就PSMA在DTC诊断及治疗中的研究进展做一概述。
前列腺特异性膜抗原核素显像及治疗在分化型甲状腺癌中的应用进展
Application progress of PSMA in the imaging and treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer
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摘要: 分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)已成为最常见的头颈部肿瘤,大多数DTC患者经治疗后预后良好,但仍有部分转移性及失分化患者缺乏有效的诊断及治疗手段。放射性核素标记的前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA)药物已被应用于前列腺癌患者的显像和治疗中,而其在DTC中应用的研究目前仍处于探索阶段。笔者对DTC靶向PSMA显像及治疗的应用现状及前景进行综述,并提出未来的研究方向。
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关键词:
- 正电子发射断层显像术 /
- 体层摄影术,X线计算机 /
- 分化型甲状腺癌 /
- 前列腺特异性膜抗原 /
- 放射性核素治疗
Abstract: Differentiated thyroid cancer(DTC) has become the most common head and neck tumor, and most DTC patients have a good prognosis after treatment. However, patients with metastasis and loss of differentiation have a poor prognosis and lack of effective diagnosis and treatment. Radiopharmaceuticals targeting prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) have been used in imaging and treatment of patients with prostate cancer, but the research on DTC is still at the exploratory stage. In this paper, the application status and prospect of targeted PSMA imaging and treatment of DTC were reviewed, and the future perspectives were also presented. -
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