Abstract: Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease with a high incidence in women of childbearing age and has a wide range of sites in the body. Conventional imaging examinations and laparoscopy cannot effectively detect systemic, small and insidious endometriosis lesions. Radionuclide labeled choline analogs, estrogen analogs and somatostatin analogs have the potential to detect endometriosis lesions, and can provide functional and metabolic information of endometriosis lesions, which have special value for the diagnosis of endometriosis. In this paper, the diagnostic methods of endometriosis are reviewed, and the research progress of molecular imaging diagnosis of endometriosis is disscussed.