Abstract: According to different risk stratification results of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients after surgery, some patients may need further ¹³¹I treatment, but ¹³¹I can emit radiation to the surrounding population. Therefore, the correct assessment of radiation dose in patients is crucial to the individualization of radiation protection and the optimization of ¹³¹I treatment process. For the measurement method of radiation dose during ¹³¹I treatment after DTC, there are mainly two types, which are in vivo and in vitro. In vitro measurements include urine and blood measurement methods; in vivo measurements mainly include local and systemic measurement methods. The authors mainly discuss dose-related measurement methods and clinical application.