Abstract: The author reported a case of multiple brown bone tumors secondary to parathyroid adenoma by ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT. Although the disease was not rare, the ¹⁸F-FDG metabolic characteristics of this case are different from those of other reported cases, so it was misdiagnosed as multiple myeloma. The author mainly analyzed the characteristics of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT of brown bone tumor, and carried out literature review, pathological analysis and differential diagnosis, in order to provide more reference for ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis of brown bone tumor.