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肩峰下撞击综合征(subacromial impingement syndrome, SIS)是引起肩关节不适的常见病因,临床症状一般表现为肩部疼痛或肩关节运动障碍,对患者的日常生活造成很大的影响[1]。引起肩关节不适的主要因素是肩袖损伤,除了肌腱血管化、年龄、吸烟、遗传易感性和过度使用等因素引起的肩袖本身软组织改变外,最重要的直接外在因素是肩峰形态的改变以及肩峰下间隙的变窄,且肩峰形态直接影响肩袖的损伤[2-3]。有研究结果显示,肩峰指数、肩峰倾斜度等都会导致肩峰下肌腱损伤,因此肩峰形态、肩峰下间隙的大小对SIS的诊断及预后具有至关重要的价值[4-5]。
虽然MRI(软组织分辨率高)和CT(可进行三维重建)在诊断肩关节疾病中的应用越来越广泛,但是也存在一些缺点。(1)患者行MRI及CT检查时,均采取仰卧位,解除了上肢向下牵拉的重力作用,缩短了肩-肱间距(肩峰和肱骨头之间的距离)(acromio-humeral interval,AHI),容易对SIS的诊断造成误差[6-7]。(2)MRI及CT检查的费用相对较高。(3)行MRI检查时,患者需要克服肩关节的不适长时间固定于线圈内,且CT的辐射剂量较大。综上,首诊无特殊指征的患者一般不建议使用MRI和CT。X线数字化断层融合(digital tomosynthesis,DTS)成像是在传统X线数字化摄影(digital radiography,DR)基础上增加了断层融合成像功能的影像学检查方法。相比于传统DR,DTS具有更高的清晰度和空间分辨率,不仅可以避免普通X线出口位的影像重叠干扰,使AHI的测量更精准,还可以清楚地观察肩峰形态[8-10]。本研究探讨了DTS在冈上肌出口位的SIS中的诊断价值,以评估其诊断效能。
X线数字化断层融合成像在冈上肌出口位的肩峰下撞击综合征中的诊断价值
Diagnostic value of X-ray digital tomosynthesis imaging in subacromial impingement syndrome at supraspinatus exit position
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摘要:
目的 探讨X线数字化断层融合(DTS)成像在冈上肌出口位的肩峰下撞击综合征(SIS)中的诊断价值。 方法 回顾性分析2017年7月至2020年1月于巴彦淖尔市医院因肩关节不适就诊,且经临床查体、MRI检查确诊的93例SIS患者的临床资料和影像学资料,其中男性56例、女性37例,年龄30~77(55.4±8.2)岁。所有患者均在MRI检查后 7 d 内,为明确是否有行肩峰成形术或肩袖重建术的必要而行X线数字化摄影(DR)和DTS成像检查。3种影像学检查方法测量的肩峰形态差异的比较采用非参数秩和检验,肩-肱距离(AHI)的比较采用方差分析,进一步两两比较采用最小显著差异法(LSD)-t检验。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线计算3种影像学检查方法测量的AHI的曲线下面积(AUC)、灵敏度和特异度,AUC的比较采用Z检验。 结果 MRI、DR、DTS 3 种影像学检查方法对 SIS患者肩峰形态检查结果的差异无统计学意义(χ2 =2.84,P>0.05)。MRI、DR、DTS 3种影像学检查方法测量SIS患者AHI的差异有统计学意义[(8.37±1.21) mm对(8.91±1.50) mm对(8.66±1.25) mm,F=3.84,P<0.05],两两比较结果显示,MRI与DR的差异有统计学意义(t=−2.69,P<0.05),而MRI与DTS、DR与DTS的差异均无统计学意义(t=−1.60、1.24,均P>0.05)。MRI、DTS、DR诊断AHI的灵敏度分别为 96.35%、96.36%、86.79%,特异度分别为72.44%、58.28%、54.73%,AUC分别为0.906、0.808、0.677,95%CI分别为0.839~0.951、0.727~0.874、0.586~0.760,三者间的差异有统计学意义(Z=3.01,P<0.05)。 结论 冈上肌出口位DTS是确诊SIS相对经济、实用的影像学检查方法,可以作为肩部不适患者的一种普查方法。 -
关键词:
- 肩撞击综合征 /
- 放射摄影术 /
- X线数字化断层融合成像 /
- 磁共振成像 /
- 冈上肌出口位
Abstract:Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of X-ray digital tomosynthesis (DTS) imaging in subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) at supraspinatus exit position. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on patients who were admitted to Bayannur Hospital from July 2017 to January 2020. The clinical and imaging data of 93 SIS patients with shoulder joint discomfort who were diagnosed by clinical physical examination and MRI examination were included. The participants included 56 males and 37 females, aged 30−77(55.4±8.2) years. All patients underwent digital radiography (DR) and DTS imaging within 7 days after MRI examination to determine whether acromioplasty or rotator cuff reconstruction was necessary. Nonparametric rank sum test was used to compare the morphological differences of acromion measured by three imaging methods, analysis of variance was used to compare the measured acromio-humeral interval (AHI), and least significant difference (LSD)-t test was used for further pairwise comparison. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of AHI measured by MRI, DTS and DR were calculated by the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve, and the AUCs were compared by Z test. Results MRI, DR, and DTS imaging methods had no significant difference in the results of acromion morphology examination in SIS patients (χ 2=2.84, P>0.05). In the measurement of AHI in SIS patients, there was significant difference in AHI measured by MRI, DR and DTS ((8.37±1.21) mm vs. (8.91±1.50) mm vs. (8.66±1.25) mm, F=3.84, P<0.05). Pairwise comparison of the differences of AHI measured by three examination methods showed that the differences between MRI and DR were statistically significant (t=−2.69, P<0.05), but there were no significant difference between MRI and DTS, DR and DTS (t=−1.60, 1.24; both P>0.05). The sensitivity of MRI, DTS and DR in diagnosing AHI were 96.35%, 96.36% and 86.79% respectively, and the specificity were 72.44%, 58.28% and 54.73% respectively. The AUCs of AHI measured by MRI, DTS and DR were 0.906, 0.808 and 0.677 respectively, the 95%CI were 0.839−0.951, 0.727−0.874 and 0.586−0.760 respectively, and the difference between them was statistically significant (Z=3.01, P<0.05). Conclusion Supraspinatus exit position DTS is a relatively economical and practical imaging method for diagnosis of SIS, and it can be used as a screening method for patients with shoulder discomfort. -
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