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电磁辐射是电场和磁场的交互变化产生的电磁波向空中发射或泄露的现象,在空间中以波的形式传递动量和能量。近年来,随着无线电通讯和电磁能设备的广泛应用,电磁辐射对健康的影响越来越受到公众的关注。电磁辐射对生物体的影响就像一把双刃剑,不同强度的电磁辐射作用于生物体,会产生不同的生物学效应。脉冲峰值功率>1×108 W的高功率微波武器等利用强快电磁脉冲可以瞬时使机体失能,造成作战人员烦躁、头疼、神经错乱、记忆力衰退甚至死亡[1]。虽然电磁辐射对人体的伤害不可忽视,但是当前其治疗作用也受到相关研究者的重视。适宜的电磁脉冲有助于人体机能的恢复,低频脉冲电磁场(pulsed electromagnetic field,PEMF)治疗现已成为理疗领域的常用方法[2]。
软骨是人体内一种不含血管、淋巴管和神经,且再生能力低的特殊弹性结缔组织,是人体关节的重要组成部分。软骨难以再生和修复,而电磁辐射作为一种非侵入性的措施,可以为软骨相关疾病的治疗提供新思路。如何在预防和规避电磁辐射对机体损伤的同时,充分发挥电磁辐射的治疗作用需得到研究者的重视。近年来,大量研究围绕电磁辐射对软骨的生物学效应展开,我们对其研究进展作一综述。
电磁辐射对软骨的生物学效应研究进展
Research progress on the biological effects of electromagnetic radiation on cartilage
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摘要: 作为半刚性的、无血管和神经的结缔组织,软骨具有承重、应力缓冲和辅助运动等多种生理功能。软骨固有的修复能力差,损伤不易逆转且治疗难度大。近年来,大量研究结果显示适宜的电磁辐射对软骨细胞形态的维持及其细胞因子的分泌、软骨细胞外基质的稳态以及骨关节炎的治疗等都具有积极的意义。笔者就电磁辐射对软骨的生物学效应及其可能的作用机制作一综述。Abstract: As one kind of semi-rigid, avascular and non-innervated connective tissue, cartilage has a variety of physiological functions such as load-bearing, stress-cushioning and movement-assisting. The intrinsic self-repair ability of cartilage is poor, and it is not easy for cartilage to reverse and is difficult to treat the injury. In recent years, many studies have shown that appropriate electromagnetic radiation has positive significance for the maintenance of chondrocytes morphology, the secretion of its related cytokines, the homeostasis of cartilage extracellular matrix, and the treatment of osteoarthritis. This paper reviews the biological effects of electromagnetic radiation on cartilage and its possible mechanism.
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