Abstract: Primary bone lymphoma is a rare type of extra-lymph node lymphoma, especially when it is a single lesion. Its imaging manifestations include osteolytic destruction, soft tissue mass, uneven bone density, it is especially difficult to make a diagnosis only from the morphological manifestations of the lesion site on CT or MRI. The author selected two cases of pathologically confirmed bone lymphomas with ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT imaging, and both of which were primary bone lymphomas with single lesion. The clinical data of the patients were collected, and their clinical features and PET/CT imaging manifestations were comprehensively analyzed to differentiate and diagnose them from other bone malignant tumors and benign bone diseases, etc. The diagnostic ideas were summarized and analyzed to arrive at a relatively accurate imaging diagnosis to help the clinic.