Abstract: Depression is often associated with executive dysfunction, a cognitive impairment that can have an effect on quality of daily life and prognosis. Executive function requires the synergy among the frontal cortex, limbic system, temporal parietal lobe, thalamus, cerebellum, insular lobe, and brainstem reticular system. The damage of the corresponding neural circuit (mainly including the default mode network, executive control network, salience network, and limbic system) and the inter-regional connections of the important network components of these neural circuits leads to the destruction of executive function. MRI can noninvasively reveal structural and functional changes in the brain and its neural networks and can be used as a biomarker to identify depression-related executive dysfunction and its response to treatment to assess the related neural mechanisms underlying its function. In this work, the authors review the current research progress of structural (diffusion tensor imaging and morphological structural imaging) and functional MRI for depression-related executive dysfunction.