Abstract: Radiation is one of the commonly used methods in modern medical treatment, especially in the treatment of malignant tumors. However, in the process of radiotherapy, radiation directly affect bone-related cells and bone microstructure, or indirectly affect bone marrow and vascular system, resulting in bone injury. Although the current research results do not have a thorough understanding of radiation-induced bone injury, it has gradually recevied attention from medical workers in recent years because of its universality. The bone system injury caused by radiation and its prevention and treatment are reviewed in this paper.