Abstract: In the diagnosis and treatment of nuclear medicine, radionuclides irradiate not only the target organs in the patient, but also other normal tissues and organs. This paper introduces the development trend of human radiation dose models at home and abroad, and reviewed the internal doses of three radionuclide (¹⁸F, ⁹⁹Tc^m, ¹³¹I) labeled imaging agents commonly used in nuclear medicine and its influencing factors. It provides a reference for the study of radiation dose and radiation protection in nuclear medicine diagnosis and treatment.