Abstract: ¹³¹I therapy is a routine adjuvant therapy for patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) after operation, which can effectively reduce the recurrence rate of the disease, prolong the survival period of patients, and play a positive role in the prognosis. However, when ¹³¹I treats the primary lesion, it will also cause damage to local tissues of the human body (such as the salivary gland) and affect the life quality of patients. At present, salivary gland injury in DTC patients after ¹³¹I therapy has caused widespread clinical concern. This review focuses on the evaluation and prevention of salivary gland injury.