Abstract: Accurate qualitative diagnosis and staging are of great value for the formulation of treatment plans for kidney neoplasms with diverse pathological types and complex classification. Radionuclide imaging can perform in vivo imaging of tumors at the molecular or cellular level, thereby providing important information in the diagnosis, staging, restaging and efficacy evaluation of tumors. In this paper, the current clinical application and research progress of radionuclide imaging in the diagnosis of kidney neoplasms are reviewed.