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131I治疗在欧美发达国家已成为成人Graves甲状腺功能亢进症(简称甲亢)的首选治疗方法[1],我国131I治疗Graves甲亢的临床应用频度明显低于国外[2],这与其治疗后可引起甲状腺功能减退症(简称甲减)密切相关。有研究结果表明,131I治疗剂量与甲减的初期发生密切相关[3]。国内外报道的131I治疗Graves甲亢患者甲减发生率的差异较大[4-6],131I治疗后甲减的高发是临床及科研中不可忽视的问题。影响甲减发生的因素较多,国内外报道多不一致[7],这给临床医师的诊治及预后判断带来了困难。为了及早发现甲减并及时采取有效的治疗措施,早期的密切随访尤为重要。本研究分析131I治疗 Graves 甲亢后1、3、6个月甲状腺功能(简称甲功)的变化特点及治疗前抗体水平与临床疗效的关系,旨在帮助临床医师密切监测病情变化,及早发现甲减,为预后的判断提供依据。
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80例甲亢患者的131I治疗剂量为74.0~388.5(180.6±78.0) MBq。131I治疗6个月后,80例患者中,15例(18.75%)为完全缓解,13例(16.25%)为部分缓解,24例(30.00%)为发生甲减,2例(2.50%)为无效,其余26例(32.50%)在首次131I 治疗后3~5个月行再次治疗。
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所有患者均无失访。治疗后1个月的4组患者例数分别为甲功升高组20例(25.00%)、甲功好转组51例(63.75%)、甲功正常组7例(8.75%)、甲减组2例(2.50%)。由于甲功正常组和甲减组例数较少,故合并为正常及甲减组。为突出说明1个月后甲功的变化情况与3个月后发生甲减的关系,又将治疗后3个月的患者分为非甲减组56例(70.00%)、甲减组24例(30.00%)。
131I治疗后1个月与3个月甲功变化的关系见表1。治疗后1个月的各组在3个月后的结果显示,甲功升高组[15.00%(3/20)]与正常及甲减组[88.90%(8/9)]甲减发生率的差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.39,P<0.01);甲功好转组[25.49%(13/51)]与正常及甲减组的甲减发生率的差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.52,P=0.001);甲功升高组与甲功好转组的甲减发生率的差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.91,P=0.529)。
治疗后1个月
患者分组治疗后3个月
甲减患者(例)治疗后3个月
非甲减患者(例)*合计(例) 甲功升高组(n=20) 3a 17(12/3/2) 20 甲功好转组(n=51) 13a 38(4/24/10) 51 正常及甲减组(n=9) 8 1(0/0/1) 9 合计 24 56(16/27/13) 80 注:a表示与正常及甲减组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.39、13.52,均P<0.01);*表示甲功升高/甲功好转/甲功正常的例数 表 1 80例Graves甲亢患者131I治疗后1个月各组在3个月 后甲状腺功能的变化关系
Table 1. Relationship of the thyroid function change between 1st and 3rd month after 131I treatment of 80 Graves hyperthyroidism patients
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因治疗后3~5个月有26例患者行二次治疗,故在此处剔除,不予讨论。治疗后3个月的3组患者在治疗6个月后,甲减组发生甲减21例(91.30%,21/23)、非甲减2例(8.70%,2/23)(治疗后3个月甲减组24例患者中,其中1例行二次治疗,此处不予讨论);非甲减组发生甲减3例(9.70%,3/31)、非甲减28例(90.32%,28/31)。甲功正常组完全缓解10例(76.92%,10/13)、非完全缓解3例(23.08%,3/13);非甲功正常组完全缓解5例(12.20%,5/41)、非完全缓解36例(87.80%,36/41)。甲功好转组部分缓解9例(60.00%,9/15)、非部分缓解6例(40.00%,6/15);非甲功好转组部分缓解4例(10.26%,4/39)、非部分缓解35例(89.70%,35/39)。
治疗后3个月甲减和6个月甲减的一致性非常好(Κappa值=0.812,P<0.01);治疗后3个月甲功正常和6个月完全缓解的一致性较好(Κappa值=0.615,P<0.01);治疗后3个月甲功好转和6个月部分缓解的一致性中等(Κappa值=0.519,P<0.01)。
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治疗后6个月甲减组和非甲减组间治疗前的TgAb[51.53(9.05,781.19)U/mL对14.30(3.33,45.14) U/mL]和TPOAb[577.50(197.89,1000) U/mL对397.71(98.41,955.68)U/mL]的差异均无统计学意义(u=249.00、306.50,P=0.053、0.346)。
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治疗后6个月治愈组和非治愈组间治疗前TRAb水平[11.43(4.34,32.42) IU/L对19.82(7.95,39.14) IU/L]的差异有统计学意义(u=557.50,P=0.02),且非治愈组的秩均值大于治愈组的秩均值(46.40对34.29)。
Graves甲亢131I治疗后甲状腺功能的变化特点及其与治疗前抗体水平的关系
Characteristics of thyroid function change after 131I treatment of Graves hyperthyroidism and correlation with level of antibodies before treatment
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摘要:
目的 分析131I治疗Graves甲亢患者的甲状腺功能的变化特点及其治疗前抗体水平与临床疗效的关系。 方法 前瞻性分析2016年3月至5月于中国医科大学附属第一医院首次行131I治疗的80例Graves甲亢患者的临床资料,其中男性20例、女性60例,年龄19~70(40.5±12.8)岁,均在治疗后1、3、6个月进行复查。根据甲状腺功能变化分别将治疗后1个月和3个月的患者分为4组:甲功升高组、甲功好转组、甲功正常组和甲减(甲状腺功能减退症)组;将治疗后6个月的患者分为4组:完全缓解组、部分缓解组、无效组(3组合称非甲减组)和甲减组。治愈组包括完全缓解组和甲减组,非治愈组包括部分缓解组、无效组和再次治疗的患者。分析131I治疗后1、3、6个月甲功变化的特点及治疗前抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)、促甲状腺素受体抗体(TRAb)水平与临床疗效的关系。采用卡方检验比较治疗后1个月的4组患者在治疗后3个月甲减发生率的差异,采用Kappa检验分析治疗后3个月甲功变化和治疗后6个月疗效评价的一致性,采用Wilcoxon秩和检验分析治疗前抗体水平与疗效的关系。 结果 治疗后1个月的4组患者在治疗3个月后,甲功升高组[15.00%(3/20)]与正常及甲减组(甲功正常组和甲减组合为1组)[88.90%(8/9)]甲减发生率的差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.39,P<0.01),甲功好转组[25.49%(13/51)]与正常及甲减组甲减发生率的差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.52,P<0.01),甲功升高组与甲功好转组甲减发生率的差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.91,P>0.05)。治疗后3个月甲减组与6个月甲减组的一致性非常好(Kappa值=0.812,P<0.01),治疗后3个月的甲功正常组与治疗后6个月完全缓解组的一致性较好(Kappa值=0.615,P<0.01),治疗后3个月甲功好转组与治疗后6个月部分缓解组的一致性中等(Kappa值=0.519,P<0.01)。治疗后6个月甲减组和非甲减组治疗前TgAb[51.53(9.05,781.19)U/mL对14.30(3.33,45.14)U/mL]和TPOAb水平[577.50(197.89,1000)U/mL对397.71(98.41,955.68)U/mL]的差异均无统计学意义(u=249.00、306.50,均P>0.05),治疗后6个月治愈组和非治愈组治疗前TRAb水平[11.43(4.34,32.42) IU/L对19.82(7.95,39.14)IU/L]的差异有统计学意义(u=557.50,P<0.05)。 结论 密切观察131I治疗后1、3个月甲功变化的趋势可评估和预测6个月时的临床转归。治疗前TgAb和TPOAb水平的高低与甲减的发生无相关性,治疗前TRAb水平的高低与甲亢的治愈有相关性。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the characteristics of thyroid function change at 1st, 3rd and 6th months after 131I treatment of Graves' hyperthyroidism and determine the correlation between level of antibodies before treatment and prognosis. Methods A prospective study was conducted in 80 patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism patients treated with 131I for the first time from March 2016 to May 2016 in the First Hospital of China Medical University. The patients consisted of 20 males and 60 females,with median age of 19−70 (40.5±12.8) years. The patients were followed up and reexamined at 1st, 3rd, and 6th months after treatment. According to the thyroid function change, the patients at 1st and 3rd months were separately divided into four groups (thyroid function increased, thyroid function improved, thyroid function normal and thyroid function decreased). Patients at 6th month were divided into four groups, including improved completely, improved partially, invalid (these 3 groups are called non-hypothyroidism group) and hypothyroidism. The cured group including improved completely and the hypothyroidism, and the non-cured group including the improved partially, invalid and the patients who have secondary treatment.The characteristics of thyroid function change at 1st, 3rd, and 6th months were reviewed, and the correlation between level of antibodies (anti thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyrotrophin receptor antibody (TRAb)) and prognosis was found. Chi-square test was used to compare the differences in the incidence of hypothyroidism at 3rd month between each group at 1st month. Kappa test was used to analyze the consistency between changes in thyroid function at 3rd month and the curative effect at 6th month. The relationship between antibody level before treatment and the curative effect was analyzed by Wilcoxon test. Results The incidence of hypothyroidism at 3rd month significant differed between thyroid function increased (15.00(3/20)) and “normal and thyroid function decreased” (including thyroid function normal and thyroid function decreased) (88.90% (8/9)) at 1st month (χ2=14.39, P<0.01). The incidence of hypothyroidism at 3rd month significantly differed between thyroid function improved (25.49% (3/51)) and “normal and thyroid function decreased” at 1st month (χ2=13.52, P<0.01). The incidence of hypothyroidism at 3rd month between thyroid function increased and thyroid function improved at 1st month had no statistical difference (χ2=0.91, P>0.05). The consistency analysis showed that the Kappa value was 0.812 in comparison between thyroid function decreased at 3rd month and hypothyroidism at 6th month (P<0.01).The Kappa value was 0.615 in comparison between thyroid function normal at 3rd month and improved completely at 6th month (P<0.01). The Kappa value was 0.519 in comparison between thyroid function improved at 3rd month and improved partially at 6th month (P<0.01). The levels of TgAb[51.53 (9.05, 781.19) U/mL vs.14.30 (3.33, 45.14) U/mL] and TPOAb[577.50 (197.89, 1000) U/mL vs.397.71 (98.41, 955.68) U/mL] before treatment between hypothyroidism and non-hypothyroidism at 6th month had no significant differences (u=249.00, 306.50, both P>0.05). The level of TRAb[11.43 (4.34, 32.42) IU/L vs.19.82 (7.95, 39.14) IU/L] before treatment in cure group and non-cure group at 6th month had significant differences (u=557.50, P<0.05). Conclusions The clinical outcome at 6th month after 131I treatment can be evaluated and predicted by closely observing the change trend of thyroid function at 1st and 3rd month after 131I treatment. There was no correlation between the level of TgAb and TPOAb before treatment and occurrence of hypothyroidism, and there was correlation between the level of TRAb before treatment and the cure of hyperthyrodism, and it had significant difference. -
Key words:
- Iodine radioisotopes /
- Graves disease /
- Hyperthyroidism /
- Hypothyroidism /
- Thyroid function /
- Thyroid auto-antibody
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表 1 80例Graves甲亢患者131I治疗后1个月各组在3个月 后甲状腺功能的变化关系
Table 1. Relationship of the thyroid function change between 1st and 3rd month after 131I treatment of 80 Graves hyperthyroidism patients
治疗后1个月
患者分组治疗后3个月
甲减患者(例)治疗后3个月
非甲减患者(例)*合计(例) 甲功升高组(n=20) 3a 17(12/3/2) 20 甲功好转组(n=51) 13a 38(4/24/10) 51 正常及甲减组(n=9) 8 1(0/0/1) 9 合计 24 56(16/27/13) 80 注:a表示与正常及甲减组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.39、13.52,均P<0.01);*表示甲功升高/甲功好转/甲功正常的例数 -
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