Abstract: The survival period of patients with noncentral system is greatly prolonged after chemotherapy and other related treatments. The side effects caused by chemotherapy, that is, chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairments (CICI), have received increasing attention. The reduced learning, memory, attention, executive function, and information processing speed of cancer survivors with CICI seriously impairs the quality of life of the survivors. In recent years, many studies have reported on the neuroimaging changes in CICI. These changes include the decreases in white matter in the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, and parietal lobe shown by structural and functional MRI, and the decreases in glucose metabolism in the frontal lobe and part of limbic system revealed by ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT. This article reviews the progress of neuroimaging research tumor patients on CICI to explain the potential mechanism and the possible prevention and treatment measures of CICI.