Abstract: With the increasing use of nuclear and radiation in people's daily life, the harm caused by radiation has also received much attention. Dose estimation is an important part of the application of radiation technology. Estimating the radiation dose received by the human body plays an important role in determining the deterministic and random effects of radiation. Monte Carlo simulation combined with the human reference model can estimate radiation doses of nuclear accidents, medical exposures and environmental radiation. It is a fast and low-hardware dose estimation method. Currently, it faces bottlenecks in model development and calculation. This artical reviews the research progress.