Abstract: Radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) has been a research hotspot in the field of radiation biology since it was discovered. It has been demonstrated that RIBE can be mediated by gap junctional communication and soluble cell secretions. Recent studies show that the immune system plays an important role in the progress of RIBE, profoundly affecting the progress and results of biological effect of radiation. In this paper, the role of the immune system in the RIBE is briefly reviewed, with a view to providing a theoretical basis for the study of RIBE.