Abstract: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality. Considering the number of in-depth studies on its pathogenesis, the number of lung cancer driver genes that have been discovered is increasing. Molecular targeted therapy for driver genes has also made significant progress. Therefore, clarifying the mutation status of the driver gene in clinical treatment decisions is particularly important. ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG) PET/CT plays an important role in the early diagnosis, staging, efficacy evaluation, and prognosis evaluation of NSCLC. ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT is valuable in predicting the mutation status of driver genes in NSCLC. This review focuses on the correlation between ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT related metabolic parameters and the mutation status of epidermal growth factor receptor, anaplastic lymphoma kinase, kirsten rate sarcoma viral oncogene homolog, and other driver genes in NSCLC.