Abstract: Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is widely used in clinical and scientific research due to its advantages of low radiation dose, good reproducibility, short scanning time and easy access. DXA body composition analysis can detect various body compositions, including bone density, fat mass, lean body mass, fat-free mass, body fat rate and so on. It has been widely used in the diagnosis, treatment and risk assessment of various clinical diseases. This review is focused on the application of DXA body composition analysis and the latest research in some clinical diseases.