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低剂量电离辐射(low dose ionizing radiation,LDIR)是与人类关系最密切的辐射类型,主要来源于天然本底辐射和医疗照射。1991年,联合国原子辐射效应科学委员会将LDIR定义为剂量低于200 mGy或剂量率低于0.1 mGy/min(1 h以内或1 h以上的平均剂量率)的X射线或γ射线的外照射[1]。与中等或较大剂量辐射所致的生物学效应相比,LDIR致机体损伤效应的类型、发生方式和机制更为多样和复杂。尽管短时间内的LDIR暴露不足以引起临床上可观察到的急性放射损伤,但长期暴露可能会引起严重的、不可逆的有害效应。随着电离辐射在能源、工业、农业和医疗等方面的广泛应用,放射工作人员成为LDIR的主要受照群体,其长期受照所致的健康效应受到国内外研究者的重视和关注。我们结合国内外研究成果,对LDIR所致放射工作人员职业健康效应的研究进展进行综述,为放射工作人员的健康监护及辐射防护策略的制定提供依据和参考。
低剂量电离辐射职业接触人群的健康效应研究进展
Research progress in the health effects of radiation workers induced by low-dose ionizing radiation
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摘要: 职业性低剂量电离辐射给放射工作人员带来的健康风险备受关注。笔者结合国内外低剂量电离辐射所致健康效应的调查和研究进行综述,讨论目前放射生物学领域重点研究的健康效应的主要类型及发生机制,为放射工作人员的职业安全保护和职业健康监护提供参考。Abstract: The severe health risks of radiation workers occupationally exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation cannot be ignored. According to domestic and foreign investigations and studies on the health effects caused by low-dose ionizing radiation, this review discusses the main types and mechanisms of the health effects currently being studied in the field of radiobiology, and provides a reference for occupational safety protection and health surveillance of radiation workers.
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Key words:
- Radiation, ionizing /
- Radiation workers /
- Health effects
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