2015 Vol. 39, No. 1
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2015, 39(1): 4-8.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2015.01.003
Abstract:
Objective To study the relationship between the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)mRNA expression and the efficacy of 131I treatment in hyperthyroidism patients. Methods Fine needle biopsies of 59[the male to female ratio was 16:43; mean age was(46.46±12.95) years old] Graves disease patients and 27[the male to female ratio was 6:21; mean age was(44.66±10.86) years old] normal volunteers were collected. The mRNA expression of EGFR was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction before treatment. T-test, analysis of variance and multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied to analyze the relationship between EGFR mRNA expression and the efficacy of 131I treatment. Results Compared with normal group, the mRNA expression level of EGFR was significantly higher in Graves disease patients(1.752±0.660 vs. 0.859±0.125, t=4.328, P < 0.001). Six months after 131I treatment, except 8 cases were lost in following up, all of the remain 51 eligible evaluated patients were relieived from hyperthyroidism. Among them, 80.4% of patients was cured, 39.2%(20/51) became hypothyroid, 41.2%(21/51) became euthyroid, and 19.6%(10/51) remained hyperthyroid. The EGFR mRNA expression was significantly higher in uncured group than in cured group(8.092±3.887 vs. 1.383±0.160, t=7.647, P < 0.001). The EGFR mRNA expression was significantly higher in uncured group(8.092±3.887) than in euthyroid(1.487±0.479)or hypothyroid group(0.968±0.180)(t=7.364 and 8.027, P < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression revealed that the radioiodine dosage(OR=3.456), thyroid weight(OR=3.853) and EGFR mRNA expression(OR=1.423) was related to the efficacy of 131I treatment. Conclusion EGFR mRNA expression may be used in evaluating the prognosis of hyperthyroidism patients after 131I treatment.
Objective To study the relationship between the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)mRNA expression and the efficacy of 131I treatment in hyperthyroidism patients. Methods Fine needle biopsies of 59[the male to female ratio was 16:43; mean age was(46.46±12.95) years old] Graves disease patients and 27[the male to female ratio was 6:21; mean age was(44.66±10.86) years old] normal volunteers were collected. The mRNA expression of EGFR was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction before treatment. T-test, analysis of variance and multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied to analyze the relationship between EGFR mRNA expression and the efficacy of 131I treatment. Results Compared with normal group, the mRNA expression level of EGFR was significantly higher in Graves disease patients(1.752±0.660 vs. 0.859±0.125, t=4.328, P < 0.001). Six months after 131I treatment, except 8 cases were lost in following up, all of the remain 51 eligible evaluated patients were relieived from hyperthyroidism. Among them, 80.4% of patients was cured, 39.2%(20/51) became hypothyroid, 41.2%(21/51) became euthyroid, and 19.6%(10/51) remained hyperthyroid. The EGFR mRNA expression was significantly higher in uncured group than in cured group(8.092±3.887 vs. 1.383±0.160, t=7.647, P < 0.001). The EGFR mRNA expression was significantly higher in uncured group(8.092±3.887) than in euthyroid(1.487±0.479)or hypothyroid group(0.968±0.180)(t=7.364 and 8.027, P < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression revealed that the radioiodine dosage(OR=3.456), thyroid weight(OR=3.853) and EGFR mRNA expression(OR=1.423) was related to the efficacy of 131I treatment. Conclusion EGFR mRNA expression may be used in evaluating the prognosis of hyperthyroidism patients after 131I treatment.
2015, 39(1): 9-13.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2015.01.004
Abstract:
Objective This study aims to investigate regional cerebral glucose metabolism and regional cerebral blood flow(rcBf) of tinnitus patients and to map specific foci sites of tinnitus perception in brain imaging. Methods 18F-FDG and 13N-NH3.H2O PET/CT brain imaging were performed on 43 tinnitus patients and 40 controls. Results were evaluated with visual analysis and roi analysis by whole brain analyses. Results PET data demonstrated the asymmetric activation of the central system of tinnitus patients compared with controls. Twenty-four patients revealed increased metabolism of the unilateral hemisphere, including 32 brain areas prior to the left superior temporal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, left supramarginal gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, and right middle temporal gyrus. In addition, 75% of the 32 areas revealed increased rCBF. Ten patients showed increased metabolism in bilateral hemispheres, including 20 brain areas(10 on each side); 90% of which revealed increased rCBF. Five patients showed reduced metabolism and rCBF of the unilateral hemisphere, including the right superior temporal gyrus and right middle temporal gyrus. Cortical activation was independent from tinnitus laterality. Conclusions Tinnitus perception may involve more brain areas than the auditory cortex, prior to increased glucose metabolism activity and rCBF. Cortical activation was independent from tinnitus laterality. Cerebral glucose metabolism was consistent with rCBF.
2015, 39(1): 14-18.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2015.01.005
Abstract:
objective This study aims to investigate the clinical value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosing solitary hypermetabolic lesion of the bone. Methods Twenty-two patients with solitary FDG uptake in the bone were enrolled. Patient diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy or surgery. PET/CT images were analyzed. Results Of the 22 patients, 5 had primary bone lymphoma and bone eosinophilic granuloma, 4 had plasma cell myeloma and osteosarcoma, and 2 had Ewing's sarcoma and giant cell tumor of the bone. The mean SUVmax of bone lesions is 11.08±06(2.1-32.6). Nineteen lesions had well-distributed FDG uptake. The other three lesions were unevenly distributed. No significant difference in FDG uptake was found between malignant and benign lesions(SUVmax:8.86±40 vs. 12.12±58, respectively; t=-1.241, P=0.231), and among different kinds of bone lesions(F=0.296, df=5, P=0.908). Syn-modality CT images showed that 17 patients have osteolytic changes, 5 of which with sclerosis edge. Some bone lesions presented as "bow tie sign", "oap bubble sign? and lace sign? The other 5 patients, 3 with primary bone lymphoma and 2 with osteosarcoma, presented with ossification changes. Otherwise, soft tissue mass was formulated in 17 patients, and periosteal proliferation developed in 4 patients. Conclusion Syn-modality CT images should be included in the differential diagnosis of solitary hypermetabolic lesion of the bone.
2015, 39(1): 19-24, 36.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2015.01.006
Abstract:
Radionuclide internal therapy is an important method for tumor treatment. Radioimmunotherapy(RIT)and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy(PPRT)are two major strategies for tumor therapy by targeting antigen or receptor over-expressed in tumor cells with radionuclide labeled monoclonal antibody or peptide separately. RIT and PPRT have been dramatically developed with several agents have been used in clinic and more are underwent clinic or pre-clinic trial. The radionuclide therapy will play more important role in tumor therapy with the more specific target been selected and improvement of the methods.
Radionuclide internal therapy is an important method for tumor treatment. Radioimmunotherapy(RIT)and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy(PPRT)are two major strategies for tumor therapy by targeting antigen or receptor over-expressed in tumor cells with radionuclide labeled monoclonal antibody or peptide separately. RIT and PPRT have been dramatically developed with several agents have been used in clinic and more are underwent clinic or pre-clinic trial. The radionuclide therapy will play more important role in tumor therapy with the more specific target been selected and improvement of the methods.
2015, 39(1): 25-31.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2015.01.007
Abstract:
During the last few decades, the incidence of thyroid cancers has been escalating globally, with differentiated thyroid cancer(DTC) accounting for 90% of the cases. A portion of DTC dedifferentiates and becomes radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer(RAIR-DTC), naturally or during cancer management. Currently, no consensus exists regarding the definition of RAIR-DTC, which to a certain extent influences its diagnosis and treatment. RAIR-DTC has always been a problem because its management lacks efficiency. As the understanding on the molecular pathophysiology of thyroid cancer continues to improve, targeted agents develop quickly, particularly in the treatment of RAIR-DTC, which will open up new directions for the management of thyroid cancer.
During the last few decades, the incidence of thyroid cancers has been escalating globally, with differentiated thyroid cancer(DTC) accounting for 90% of the cases. A portion of DTC dedifferentiates and becomes radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer(RAIR-DTC), naturally or during cancer management. Currently, no consensus exists regarding the definition of RAIR-DTC, which to a certain extent influences its diagnosis and treatment. RAIR-DTC has always been a problem because its management lacks efficiency. As the understanding on the molecular pathophysiology of thyroid cancer continues to improve, targeted agents develop quickly, particularly in the treatment of RAIR-DTC, which will open up new directions for the management of thyroid cancer.
2015, 39(1): 32-36.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2015.01.008
Abstract:
Gliomas, especially malignant gliomas, are the most common primary brain tumors associated with high recurrence rate and significant mortality. The combination of surgery and radio- chemotherapy is the best treatment for them nowadays. However, due to their biological characteristics of invasive growth, they do not respond well to traditional therapy. How to target the tumor in situ, and inhibit tumor cell proliferation and invasion is the key for study. In recent years, many studies have demonstrated that Buthus martensii Karsch chlorotoxin(BmK CT), an important chlorotoxin-like peptide, specifically inhibited glioma cells growth and metastasis as a blocker of the chloride ion channel and matrix metallopro-teinase-2(MMP-2). The bioconjugates of BmK CT with other molecules have played an increasing role in targeted imaging and treatment of gliomas. In this review, its source, chemical structure and mechanisms will be provided. Besides, advantages and challenges in the use of BmK CT as a specific agent for imaging and theranostic applications in gliomas will be addressed.
Gliomas, especially malignant gliomas, are the most common primary brain tumors associated with high recurrence rate and significant mortality. The combination of surgery and radio- chemotherapy is the best treatment for them nowadays. However, due to their biological characteristics of invasive growth, they do not respond well to traditional therapy. How to target the tumor in situ, and inhibit tumor cell proliferation and invasion is the key for study. In recent years, many studies have demonstrated that Buthus martensii Karsch chlorotoxin(BmK CT), an important chlorotoxin-like peptide, specifically inhibited glioma cells growth and metastasis as a blocker of the chloride ion channel and matrix metallopro-teinase-2(MMP-2). The bioconjugates of BmK CT with other molecules have played an increasing role in targeted imaging and treatment of gliomas. In this review, its source, chemical structure and mechanisms will be provided. Besides, advantages and challenges in the use of BmK CT as a specific agent for imaging and theranostic applications in gliomas will be addressed.
2015, 39(1): 37-44.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2015.01.009
Abstract:
99Tcm-MIBI SPECT exhibited high sensitivity in hyperparathyroidism. Combination of ultrasound or CT can raise the diagnostic and location accuracy, especially in ectopic parathyroid adenoma. With the development of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy, the value of 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT in preoperative location accuracy stands out. Many factors such as size of the gland lesions and biochemical indexes affect the sensitivity and location accuracy of 99Tcm-MIBI scintigraphy. For the negative imaging hyperparathyroidism patients, 11C-methionine PET/CT, 4D-CT and intraoperative radiation navigation is current research hot spot and development orientation.
99Tcm-MIBI SPECT exhibited high sensitivity in hyperparathyroidism. Combination of ultrasound or CT can raise the diagnostic and location accuracy, especially in ectopic parathyroid adenoma. With the development of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy, the value of 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT in preoperative location accuracy stands out. Many factors such as size of the gland lesions and biochemical indexes affect the sensitivity and location accuracy of 99Tcm-MIBI scintigraphy. For the negative imaging hyperparathyroidism patients, 11C-methionine PET/CT, 4D-CT and intraoperative radiation navigation is current research hot spot and development orientation.
2015, 39(1): 45-49.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2015.01.010
Abstract:
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common malignancies of digestive tract. The targeted therapeutic drugs and specific diagnostic probes for pancreatic cancer include antibodies, affinity ligands, polypeptides, and small-molecule protein kinase inhibitors. The research on small-molecule protein kinase inhibitors is a hot topic of both preclinical research and clinical application in recent years. The advances in this area were briefly reviewed in this article. Data indicated that H-89, a kind of isoquinoline sulfonamide small molecule, might be one of the best small-molecule protein kinase inhibitors to treat pancreatic cancer, and if labeled with positron emitter, it might become a potential PET tracer for pancreatic cancer.
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common malignancies of digestive tract. The targeted therapeutic drugs and specific diagnostic probes for pancreatic cancer include antibodies, affinity ligands, polypeptides, and small-molecule protein kinase inhibitors. The research on small-molecule protein kinase inhibitors is a hot topic of both preclinical research and clinical application in recent years. The advances in this area were briefly reviewed in this article. Data indicated that H-89, a kind of isoquinoline sulfonamide small molecule, might be one of the best small-molecule protein kinase inhibitors to treat pancreatic cancer, and if labeled with positron emitter, it might become a potential PET tracer for pancreatic cancer.
2015, 39(1): 50-54.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2015.01.011
Abstract:
Tumor is hazard to human health and lives. Early diagnosis and treatment of tumor can obviously prolong patient survival time and improve the quality of life. At present, targeting diagnosis and therapy catch attention of researchers from all over the world. Peptide arginine-arginine-leucine(RRL)sequence is specific targeted to tumor-derived endothelial cell. Our team confirmed that the 131I-RRL had the effect of killing tumor cells, and 99Tcm-RRL could image tumors in different tumor models. Foreign scholars have already put the small molecules arginine-arginine-leucine targeting tumor angiogenesis in the preclinical stage.
Tumor is hazard to human health and lives. Early diagnosis and treatment of tumor can obviously prolong patient survival time and improve the quality of life. At present, targeting diagnosis and therapy catch attention of researchers from all over the world. Peptide arginine-arginine-leucine(RRL)sequence is specific targeted to tumor-derived endothelial cell. Our team confirmed that the 131I-RRL had the effect of killing tumor cells, and 99Tcm-RRL could image tumors in different tumor models. Foreign scholars have already put the small molecules arginine-arginine-leucine targeting tumor angiogenesis in the preclinical stage.
2015, 39(1): 55-60.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2015.01.012
Abstract:
As a newly identified systemic syndrome characterized by a high level of serum immunoglobulin G4(IgG4)and dense infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells into multiple organs including lacrimal gland, salivary gland, lung, pancreas, liver, biliary duct, kidney, prostate, retroperitoneum and so on, IgG4-related disease(IgG4-RD)has attracted growing attention recently. Timely and accurate diagnosis is an essential prerequisite for early intervention leading to better recovery and outcome in patients with IgG4-RD. 18F-FDG PET/CT has been served as an important imaging tool for patients with IgG4-RD in assessing organ involvement, guiding biopsy and monitoring therapeutic response. This review will summarize the state-of-the-art on applications of 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with IgG4-RD.
As a newly identified systemic syndrome characterized by a high level of serum immunoglobulin G4(IgG4)and dense infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells into multiple organs including lacrimal gland, salivary gland, lung, pancreas, liver, biliary duct, kidney, prostate, retroperitoneum and so on, IgG4-related disease(IgG4-RD)has attracted growing attention recently. Timely and accurate diagnosis is an essential prerequisite for early intervention leading to better recovery and outcome in patients with IgG4-RD. 18F-FDG PET/CT has been served as an important imaging tool for patients with IgG4-RD in assessing organ involvement, guiding biopsy and monitoring therapeutic response. This review will summarize the state-of-the-art on applications of 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with IgG4-RD.
2015, 39(1): 61-66.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2015.01.013
Abstract:
Serum thyroglobulin(Tg) is an important modality in the long term follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).Measurements of serum Tg include stimulated thyroglobulin(sTg) which is usually obtained following TSH stimulation with an elevated TSH level above 30μIU/ml,and unstimulated Tg which is obtained during thyroid hormone suppression of TSH. Compared with the latter one, the sensitivity and specificity of sTg are better for the surveillance of DTCs. Currently, postablative sTg is well accepted as an important indicator for monitoring residual or recurrent disease. However,because of the influence of thyroid remnant, the value of preablative sTg (ps-Tg) in risk estimation and clinical decision-making remains controversial. According to the American Thyroid Association guidelines revised in 2009, ps-Tg might be helpful in predicting disease status after ablation. In the recent 5 years, several studies focusing on the relationship between ps-Tg and disease status after ablation as well as patients' prognosis have attracted much attention. This article summarizes the relevant advances and controversies about the role of ps-Tg in guiding risk assessment and therapeutic decisions of DTCs.
Serum thyroglobulin(Tg) is an important modality in the long term follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).Measurements of serum Tg include stimulated thyroglobulin(sTg) which is usually obtained following TSH stimulation with an elevated TSH level above 30μIU/ml,and unstimulated Tg which is obtained during thyroid hormone suppression of TSH. Compared with the latter one, the sensitivity and specificity of sTg are better for the surveillance of DTCs. Currently, postablative sTg is well accepted as an important indicator for monitoring residual or recurrent disease. However,because of the influence of thyroid remnant, the value of preablative sTg (ps-Tg) in risk estimation and clinical decision-making remains controversial. According to the American Thyroid Association guidelines revised in 2009, ps-Tg might be helpful in predicting disease status after ablation. In the recent 5 years, several studies focusing on the relationship between ps-Tg and disease status after ablation as well as patients' prognosis have attracted much attention. This article summarizes the relevant advances and controversies about the role of ps-Tg in guiding risk assessment and therapeutic decisions of DTCs.
2015, 39(1): 67-70.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2015.01.014
Abstract:
Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a condition leading to recurrent hypoglycemia due to an inappropriate insulin secretion by the pancreatic islet β cells. There are two main histologic subtypes: diffuse and focal, which may require different treatment strategies. Patients with diffuse CHI disease require a neartotal pancreatectomy. However patients with focal CHI disease only require a limited pancreatectomy to remove only the focal lesion thus providing complete cure to the patient. Hence the preoperative diagnosis of the histological subtypes of CHI becomes paramountin during the management of CHI. There was no advantages of morphological imaging methods, such as CT and MRI, in the differential diagnosis of focal and diffuse CHI. The CHI patient should perform 18Fluoride-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine(18F-L-DOPA) PET scan to differentiate focal from diffuse lesion, which can provide guidance for operation.This paper reviewed the research progress of 18F-L-DOPA PET scan in the diagnosis of CHI in recent years.
Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a condition leading to recurrent hypoglycemia due to an inappropriate insulin secretion by the pancreatic islet β cells. There are two main histologic subtypes: diffuse and focal, which may require different treatment strategies. Patients with diffuse CHI disease require a neartotal pancreatectomy. However patients with focal CHI disease only require a limited pancreatectomy to remove only the focal lesion thus providing complete cure to the patient. Hence the preoperative diagnosis of the histological subtypes of CHI becomes paramountin during the management of CHI. There was no advantages of morphological imaging methods, such as CT and MRI, in the differential diagnosis of focal and diffuse CHI. The CHI patient should perform 18Fluoride-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine(18F-L-DOPA) PET scan to differentiate focal from diffuse lesion, which can provide guidance for operation.This paper reviewed the research progress of 18F-L-DOPA PET scan in the diagnosis of CHI in recent years.
2015, 39(1): 71-74,79.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2015.01.015
Abstract:
There is a high incidence of glioma which is the most common primary intracranial tumor. MRI has been dominant in grading tumors, fixing the position for operations and targeting volume delineation for postoperative radiotherapy of gliomas. Nevertheless more and more researches have demonstrated its pitfalls on several aspects of tumors, such as defining the exact border. Whereas, PET showing the metabolism is skilled in seeking vigorous tumors. It is an innovative approach for the hybrid of PET and MRI to improve the diagnosis of gliomas.
There is a high incidence of glioma which is the most common primary intracranial tumor. MRI has been dominant in grading tumors, fixing the position for operations and targeting volume delineation for postoperative radiotherapy of gliomas. Nevertheless more and more researches have demonstrated its pitfalls on several aspects of tumors, such as defining the exact border. Whereas, PET showing the metabolism is skilled in seeking vigorous tumors. It is an innovative approach for the hybrid of PET and MRI to improve the diagnosis of gliomas.
2015, 39(1): 75-79.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2015.01.016
Abstract:
In recent years, 68Ga-labelled peptides PET/CT has provided a new approach and perspective for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors (NET). 68Ge/68Ga generator has been commercialized, with 68Ga obtained easily. The labeling process is easy, and the 68Ga-labelled peptides are stable.There are an increasing number of reports about the much better diagnostic performance of 68Ga-labelled peptides PET/CT for the detection of NET lesions as compared to traditional morphological imaging procedures (CT, MRI) and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. In addition, it can offer important clinical information in selecting treatment plan, adjusting the radiation dose and assessing the prognosis. 68Ga-labelled peptides PET/CT is expected to be the standard method and first choice for imaging NET. An overview about the introduction and application of 68Ga-labelled peptides PET/CT in clinical practice is presented.
In recent years, 68Ga-labelled peptides PET/CT has provided a new approach and perspective for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors (NET). 68Ge/68Ga generator has been commercialized, with 68Ga obtained easily. The labeling process is easy, and the 68Ga-labelled peptides are stable.There are an increasing number of reports about the much better diagnostic performance of 68Ga-labelled peptides PET/CT for the detection of NET lesions as compared to traditional morphological imaging procedures (CT, MRI) and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. In addition, it can offer important clinical information in selecting treatment plan, adjusting the radiation dose and assessing the prognosis. 68Ga-labelled peptides PET/CT is expected to be the standard method and first choice for imaging NET. An overview about the introduction and application of 68Ga-labelled peptides PET/CT in clinical practice is presented.
2015, 39(1): 80-84.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2015.01.017
Abstract:
The spontaneous rupture of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques and subsequent thrombus formation and myocardial necrosis are currently recognized as the primary mechanisms of acute coronary events. The dangerous of acute coronary events is mainly determined by plaque′s components, not by degree of luminal obstruction. Vulnerable plaque is characterized by a thin fibrous cap, accumulation of inflammatory cells, apoptosis, intraplaque hemorrhage, and revascularization. Several radionuclide probes target including apoptosis, macrophages, oxidized low density lipoprotein, matrix metalloproteinase, tissue factor, αvβ3 integrin and microcalcification have shown the potential to detect the rupture-proneatherosclerotic plaque in vivo.
The spontaneous rupture of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques and subsequent thrombus formation and myocardial necrosis are currently recognized as the primary mechanisms of acute coronary events. The dangerous of acute coronary events is mainly determined by plaque′s components, not by degree of luminal obstruction. Vulnerable plaque is characterized by a thin fibrous cap, accumulation of inflammatory cells, apoptosis, intraplaque hemorrhage, and revascularization. Several radionuclide probes target including apoptosis, macrophages, oxidized low density lipoprotein, matrix metalloproteinase, tissue factor, αvβ3 integrin and microcalcification have shown the potential to detect the rupture-proneatherosclerotic plaque in vivo.
2015, 39(1): 85-90.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2015.01.018
Abstract:
Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)has been confirmed to be associated with cell malignancy, metastasis and poor prognosis. Against this target, several drugs have been approvaled, such as gefitinib and erlotinib. However, the therapeutic effect was not satisfied. PET/ SPECT imaging can evaluate the expression and mutation of EGFR at molecular level to provide the basis for individual treat. This article is an overview of the progress of PET/SPECT molecular probes targeting EGFR and related problems in order to provide help for further research.
Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)has been confirmed to be associated with cell malignancy, metastasis and poor prognosis. Against this target, several drugs have been approvaled, such as gefitinib and erlotinib. However, the therapeutic effect was not satisfied. PET/ SPECT imaging can evaluate the expression and mutation of EGFR at molecular level to provide the basis for individual treat. This article is an overview of the progress of PET/SPECT molecular probes targeting EGFR and related problems in order to provide help for further research.
2015, 39(1): 91-95.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2015.01.019
Abstract:
As the incidence and the mortality rate of female breast cancer in our country is increasing in recent years, early diagnosis and therapeutic assessment of breast cancer are particularly important. Conventional imaging examinations including mammography, ultrasound, CT, and MRI, etc. have an important role in the early diagnosis and treatment evaluating of breast cancer management, however, they possess some limitations. Molecular imaging techniques, especially magnetic resonance molecular imaging and PET molecular imaging, enables the depiction of tumor morphology, as well as the assessment of functional and metabolic processes involved in cancer development at different levels, which can significantly improve imaging diagnosis accuracy. This review summarise the potential role and new progress of magnetic resonance molecular imaging and PET molecular imaging of emerging functional and metabolic processes as well as hormone receptors and growth factor receptors for diagnosis, predicting and monitoring treatment response in breast cancer patients.
As the incidence and the mortality rate of female breast cancer in our country is increasing in recent years, early diagnosis and therapeutic assessment of breast cancer are particularly important. Conventional imaging examinations including mammography, ultrasound, CT, and MRI, etc. have an important role in the early diagnosis and treatment evaluating of breast cancer management, however, they possess some limitations. Molecular imaging techniques, especially magnetic resonance molecular imaging and PET molecular imaging, enables the depiction of tumor morphology, as well as the assessment of functional and metabolic processes involved in cancer development at different levels, which can significantly improve imaging diagnosis accuracy. This review summarise the potential role and new progress of magnetic resonance molecular imaging and PET molecular imaging of emerging functional and metabolic processes as well as hormone receptors and growth factor receptors for diagnosis, predicting and monitoring treatment response in breast cancer patients.
2015, 39(1): 96-102.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2015.01.020
Abstract:
18F-NaF has been used for the tracer of bone scans more than 50 years. After a period of decline for the shortage of positron detector, scholars using 18F-NaF as radioactive tracer is increasing with the development of PET/CT. The natural medicinal property of 18F-NaF and the advantage of PET make the 18F-NaF PET/CT a better way to assess malignant osseous metastases than 99Tcm-MDP bone scan in sensitivity and specificity. When compared with 99Tcm-MDP bone scan, 18F-FDG PET/CT and magnetic resonance imaging, 18F-NaF PET/CT has higher sensitivity in detecting osseous metastases of malignancies. 18F-NaF PET/CT also has different diagnostic values in management of patients with malignancies. Combine 18F-NaF and 18F-FDG in one PET/CT examination is proven to have potential in clinical management. 18F-NaF PET/CT is a safe, effective, simple and noninvasive method in diagnosis of bone metastases in malignant tumor.
18F-NaF has been used for the tracer of bone scans more than 50 years. After a period of decline for the shortage of positron detector, scholars using 18F-NaF as radioactive tracer is increasing with the development of PET/CT. The natural medicinal property of 18F-NaF and the advantage of PET make the 18F-NaF PET/CT a better way to assess malignant osseous metastases than 99Tcm-MDP bone scan in sensitivity and specificity. When compared with 99Tcm-MDP bone scan, 18F-FDG PET/CT and magnetic resonance imaging, 18F-NaF PET/CT has higher sensitivity in detecting osseous metastases of malignancies. 18F-NaF PET/CT also has different diagnostic values in management of patients with malignancies. Combine 18F-NaF and 18F-FDG in one PET/CT examination is proven to have potential in clinical management. 18F-NaF PET/CT is a safe, effective, simple and noninvasive method in diagnosis of bone metastases in malignant tumor.
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