2014 Vol. 38, No. 5
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2014, 38(5): 281-284,303.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.05.001
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Abstract:
Objective To explore the effects of silencing p16 gene by RNA interference(RNAi) mediated on γ-irradiation-induced mouse embryonic fibroblast(MEF). Methods p16 RNAi vector was constructed by using pcDNATM6.2-GW/EmGFPmiR plasmid.p16 mRNA and protein levels of the irradiation-induced MEF before and after RNAi were detected by real-time PCR, Western blot and the percentage of aging cells was detected by senescence associated-β-galactosidase(SA-β-Gal) staining. Results 24 h after RNAi, p16 mRNA levels of the irradiation-induced MEF decreased significantly in the irradiation+p16 siRNA-1 and irradiation+p16 siRNA-2 group as compared with the irradiation group(t=16.52 and 16.13, both P < 0.05), protein levels of the irradiation+p16 siRNA-1 and irradiation+p16 siRNA-2 group also decreased as compared with the irradiation group.5 days after irradiation the percentages of SA-β-Gal positive cells in the irradiation+p16 siRNA-1 and irradiation+p16 siRNA-2 group were(34.17±2.08)% and(33.83±1.75)%, significantly lower than that of the irradiation group[(68.83±1.26)%](t=37.72 and 38.09, both P < 0.01). Conclusion MEF aging can be effectively controlled by RNAi which can shut down the expression of silencing p16 gene and lay the foundations for its application in the related studies on cells senescence.
2014, 38(5): 285-288.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.05.002
Abstract:
Objective To compare and analyze the dose distribution of IMRT between fixed-gantry and unfixed-gantry dosimetric verification. Methods Thirteen patients treated by IMRT were chosen randomly for this study.For each case, 2 different plans(fixed-gantry plan and unfixed-gantry plan)were worked out with Pinnacle 8.0 m planning system.The dose verification for each plan was carried out with Varian 23EX by using Detector729 with the octagonal phantom OCTAVIUS.The verification results of the dose distribution between the treatment planning system calculation and the measurement were done by the gamma analysis quantization with dose difference and distance to agreement of 3%(3 mm), 3%(4 mm) and 4%(4 mm) respectively, and the data were analyzed by Statistical Analysis System. Results The repeatability of Detector729 was within 0.3%.According to the gamma analysis, the overall average passing rate of unfixed-gantry verification for the dosimetric deviation of 3%(3 mm), 3%(4 mm)and 4%(4 mm) were 91.2%, 92.4% and 95.6%, which were slightly lower compared with the passing rate of fixed-gantry verification of 2.2%(t=-2.04, P=0.053), 2.2%(t=-2.02, P=0.055) and 1.4%(t=-1.97, P=0.060) respectively, and the difference between the two verification methods was not statistically significant. Conclusions The Detector729 is a reliable and accurate dosimeter.The two dosimetric verification methods of IMRT by using Detector729 are efficient and valuable.The radiotherapy department should select suitable and available dosimetric verification method for radiotherapy.
2014, 38(5): 289-292.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.05.003
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the association between the prevalence of activated brown adipose tissue(BAT)and the average outdoor temperature in 18F-FDG PET/CT. Methods 18F-FDG PET/CT scans were performed in 20 949 cases in nuclear medicine department of Changhai hospital and BAT studies from PubMed(2002-2013) were reviewed, and the average outdoor temperatures during the study periods were obtained.A simple linear regression was used to analyze the association between the prevalence of activated BAT(P) and the average outdoor temperature(T). Results The review analysis for 11 BAT studies(n=44 581) (including 10 BAT studies from PubMed that meet the criteria for this study) showed a significant negative correlation(r=-0.718, P=0.013) between the prevalence of activated BAT and the average outdoor temperature.The equation of the regression line is P(%)=6.87-0.22×T(℃).The prevalence of activated BAT decreased by about 1% for each 5 ℃ increase in average outdoor temperature. Conclusion The prevalence of activated BAT is low in subtropics, there is a significant linear negative correlation between the prevalence of activated BAT and the average outdoor temperature.
2014, 38(5): 293-296.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.05.004
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the influence of the high level of blood glucose on the metabolism of brain glucose by comparing the brain PET images of the groups with different level of blood glucose. Methods Two hundred and thirty-six consecutive patients with high level of blood glucose were divided into two groups by with the history of diabetes mellitus(DM) or not: one hundred and five patients with DM, while one hundred and thirty-one patients without DM.Two hundred and ninety-two healthy people with similar age were selected as a normal control group.All the people were underwent PET/CT imaging.Body mass index (BMI) was counted.The brain imaging was analyzed by the Siemens Scenium software to get and analyze the SUV means(SUVmean) of the brain zones in the three groups. Results The BMI between the two groups with high level of blood glucose has no significant difference(t=0.464, P>0.05), while they were higher than that in the normal control group(t=4.742 and 3.244, both P < 0.05).Comparing the cerebral metabolism of the brain zones, the metabolism of calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex were the highest, while the metabolism of mesial temporal lobe and cerebellun were lower.As the blood glucose levels increased, the SUVmean in the normal control group, the high level of blood glucose group(without DM) and the high level of blood glucose(with DM) were gradually decreased. Conclusion High level of blood glucose can reduce the metabolism of glucose in the brain, it can be helpful to investigate the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy.
Effects of self-made traditional Chinese medicine oil in prevention of radiation-induced skin injury
2014, 38(5): 297-299.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.05.005
Abstract:
Objective To observe the effects of self-made traditional Chinese medicine oil in prevention of radiation-induced skin injury. Methods Ninety-nine head and neck neoplasm patients who received radiotherapy were divided randomly into three groups: group A(34 cases), group B(33 cases) and group C(32 cases).Before radiation, group A was treated with self-made traditional Chinese medicine oil directly applied on the exposure field skin.After radiation, such medicine oil was continued to apply for three days at a frequency of three times a day till the end of the radiotherapy; group B was treated with medical radiation protection spray; group C was treated with moisture exposed burn ointment.The methods applied on group B and group C were the same as that of the group A. Results The incidence rate of radiation-induced skin injury of group A was 14.7%; while the incidence rate was 21.2% for group B and 46.9% for group C.The difference between group A and group B beard no statistical significance(χ2=0.4822, P>0.05); while there were statistically significant differences between group A and group C(χ2＝8.0772, P < 0.01), group B and group C(χ2=4.7786, P < 0.05). Conclusions The self-made traditional Chinese medicine oil has similar preventive effect to medical radiation protection spray on radiation-induced skin injury and is obviously superior to moisture exposed burn ointment.And self-made traditional Chinese medicine oil is featured by satisfying curative effect, easy operation, convenient handling, etc.Because of the lower price, the self-made traditional Chinese medicine oil is more suitable for application than the medical radiation protection spray.
2014, 38(5): 300-303.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.05.006
Abstract:
Objective To discuss the clinical effects of radionuclide 89SrCL2 combined zoledronic acid treatment for hormone dependent breast neoplasm metastatic osteoma. Methods Clinical data of 64 patients with hormone dependent breast neoplasm metastatic osteoma were analyzed retrospectively.All of these patients were divided into 3 groups: one group of 22 cases treated with 89SrCL2(89SrCL2 group); another group of 21 cases treated with zoledronic acid(zoledronic acid group); and the last group of 21 cases treated with 89SrCL2 and zoledronic acid(combination group).Then patients′ metastatic lesion curative effects, the condition of bone pain remission, quality of life and bone marrow inhibitory reaction after treatment were observed. Results The effective rate, visual analogue scale decline rate, whole body KPS score increase rate and bone marrow inhibitory reaction rate of the 89SrCL2 group were 36.4%(8/22), 77.3%(17/22), 63.6%(14/22), 27.2%(6/22), and which were 33.3%(7/21), 71.4%(15/21), 52.4%(11/21), 19.0%(4/21) and 42.9%(9/21), 90.5%(19/21), 90.5%(19/21), 33.3%(7/21) in zoledronic acid group and combination group respectively. Conclusion 89SrCL2 combined with zoledronic acid on treating hormone dependent breast neoplasm metastatic osteoma has significant curative effect, and can relieve pain with less adverse reactions, and the combined treatment effects are better than that of 89SrCL2 or zoledronic acid alone.
2014, 38(5): 304-308.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.05.007
Abstract:
Objective To explore the clinical significance of combined detection of plasma (cytokerantin-19-fragment, CYFRA21-1) and carbohydrate antigen tumor markers levels for lung cancer diagnosis. Methods The plasma CYFRA21-1 and carbohydrate antigen(CA125, CA199 and CA153) levels were measured with radio immunoassay and chemiluminescent immunoassay in 184 patients with lung cancer(including 81 cases of lung squanous carcinoma, 68 cases of adeno-carcinoma, 35 cases of small cell lung cancer), and then compared with 51 patients with benign lung disease and 60 healthy controls.The sensitivities, specificities and accuracies of different combination of those markers for the diagnosis of lung cancer were compared. Results The plasma CYFRA21-1 and carbohydrate antigen(CA125, CA199 and CA153) levels in 184 patients with lung cancer were significantly higher than those in 51 patients with benign lung disease(tCYFRA21-1=5.637, P < 0.001; tCA125=3.106, P < 0.01; tCA199=4.456, P < 0.001; tCA153=3.763, P < 0.01) and 60 healthy controls(tCYFRA21-1=8.612, tCA125=4.067, tCA199=4.872, tCA153=8.673, all P < 0.001).Compared with the 60 healthy controls, plasma levels of CYFRA21-1 in 51 cases with benign lung disease were significantly higher(tCYFRA21-1=6.327, P < 0.001); CA125 and CA153 levels were increased(tCA125=2.264, tCA153=2.343, P < 0.05); and there are no significant difference in CA199 levels(tCA199=1.761, P>0.05).In 184 lung cancer patients, the plasma CYFRA21-1 levels in 81 patients with lung squanous-carcinoma was the highest, but the plasma CA125, CA199, and CA153 levels in 68 patients with lung sdeno-careinoma were the highest.The CYFRA21-1 had the highest sensitivity(59.78%) and accuracy(70.17%) and CA199 had the highest specificity(28.83%) for detecting lung cancer.The combined detection of the four items has the highest sensitivity and accuracy(93.48% and 86.44%) in the diagnosis of lung cancer, obviously higher than single or two items combined detection. Conclusions The plasma CYFRA21-1, CA125, CA199 and CA153 were valuable tumor markers for the diagnosis of lung cancer.The combination of the tumor markers could improve the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy.
2014, 38(5): 309-314.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.05.008
Abstract:
The development and research of antivascular medicine has already exerted challenges for traditional clinical trials and its evaluation system.Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI), as an uninvasive method to visualize and assess vascular structure and function, has been gradually utilized in clinical trials of antivascular medicine and improving stepwise with a view to further detecting angiogenesis of tumor and effects of medicine.This review will articulate on defects of traditional evaluation system in clinical trials of antivascular medicine, technological characteristics of DCE-MRI as well as pros and cons of its application in clinical trials.The detailed utilization of DCE-MRI in some early phase clinical trials during recent years will also be orchestrated in this review.
The development and research of antivascular medicine has already exerted challenges for traditional clinical trials and its evaluation system.Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI), as an uninvasive method to visualize and assess vascular structure and function, has been gradually utilized in clinical trials of antivascular medicine and improving stepwise with a view to further detecting angiogenesis of tumor and effects of medicine.This review will articulate on defects of traditional evaluation system in clinical trials of antivascular medicine, technological characteristics of DCE-MRI as well as pros and cons of its application in clinical trials.The detailed utilization of DCE-MRI in some early phase clinical trials during recent years will also be orchestrated in this review.
2014, 38(5): 315-317, 336.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.05.009
Abstract:
Deep venous thrombosis(DVT) means that the abnormal coagulation of blood happened in deep vein, which belongs to the lower limbs venous reflux disorder.If it is not taken care of immediately, most of it will have post-thrombotic syndrome.Severe cases will have the life-threatening pulmonary embolism.Medical imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and assessment of DVT.Based on ultrasound, CT and some traditional imaging techniques, molecular imaging technique has got extensive research in the diagnosis of DVT.In this paper, the targets and tracer materials that are related to DVT diagnosis will be further generalized.
Deep venous thrombosis(DVT) means that the abnormal coagulation of blood happened in deep vein, which belongs to the lower limbs venous reflux disorder.If it is not taken care of immediately, most of it will have post-thrombotic syndrome.Severe cases will have the life-threatening pulmonary embolism.Medical imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and assessment of DVT.Based on ultrasound, CT and some traditional imaging techniques, molecular imaging technique has got extensive research in the diagnosis of DVT.In this paper, the targets and tracer materials that are related to DVT diagnosis will be further generalized.
2014, 38(5): 318-322.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.05.010
Abstract:
Alzheimer disease(AD) harms human being′s health seriously.With the development progress of PET molecular imaging, a series of PET positron tracers associated with AD appeard.Among them, pittsburgh compound-B(PIB) and PIB derivatives are studied more deeply and part of them have been used in clinic which are showing great value in diagnosis and therapy of AD.Recently, with the deeper research of AD mechanism, more kinds of PET tracers related to AD are developed, including protein, receptor and peptide radiotracers.This article reviews the current application and research progress of those PET positron tracers which associated with AD.
Alzheimer disease(AD) harms human being′s health seriously.With the development progress of PET molecular imaging, a series of PET positron tracers associated with AD appeard.Among them, pittsburgh compound-B(PIB) and PIB derivatives are studied more deeply and part of them have been used in clinic which are showing great value in diagnosis and therapy of AD.Recently, with the deeper research of AD mechanism, more kinds of PET tracers related to AD are developed, including protein, receptor and peptide radiotracers.This article reviews the current application and research progress of those PET positron tracers which associated with AD.
2014, 38(5): 323-327.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.05.011
Abstract:
13C is a stable nuclide and its labeled substrates have already used in clinic.Among the substrates, 13C-urea is the mainstream of clinical practice to diagnose the Helicobacter pylori.The other substrates such as aminopyrine, methacetin, octanoic and mixed triglyceride are used to diagnose diseases of the digestive system.Because the 13C-labeled compounds are non-invasive, safe, nonradiative and suitable for pregnant women and children, so many researchers focus on them.This paper makes a review on the research progress of 13C-labeled substrates in the diagnosis of digestive system disease in recent years.
13C is a stable nuclide and its labeled substrates have already used in clinic.Among the substrates, 13C-urea is the mainstream of clinical practice to diagnose the Helicobacter pylori.The other substrates such as aminopyrine, methacetin, octanoic and mixed triglyceride are used to diagnose diseases of the digestive system.Because the 13C-labeled compounds are non-invasive, safe, nonradiative and suitable for pregnant women and children, so many researchers focus on them.This paper makes a review on the research progress of 13C-labeled substrates in the diagnosis of digestive system disease in recent years.
2014, 38(5): 328-331.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.05.012
Abstract:
With the development of molecular biology, people can humanize mouse monoclonal antibody with DNA recombination, antibody library and transgenic technology which developed antibody techniques from chimeric and grafted antibody to fully human antibody.The humanized monoclonal antibodies overcome the clinical shortage of mouse monoclonal antibody from different angles, also bring a new dawn to the diagnosis and treatment of human disease.This article will summarize the progress on the humanization of mouse monoclonal antibody.
With the development of molecular biology, people can humanize mouse monoclonal antibody with DNA recombination, antibody library and transgenic technology which developed antibody techniques from chimeric and grafted antibody to fully human antibody.The humanized monoclonal antibodies overcome the clinical shortage of mouse monoclonal antibody from different angles, also bring a new dawn to the diagnosis and treatment of human disease.This article will summarize the progress on the humanization of mouse monoclonal antibody.
2014, 38(5): 337-340.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.05.014
Abstract:
Tumor immunotherapy is a new treatment modality following surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.In vivo tracking immunocyte helps to direct immunotherapy, as well as predict and assess the treatment effect.Cellular magnetic resonance imaging, applying specific contrast agents, is a non-invasive imaging modality capable of monitoring the real-time migration of cells in vivo repeatedly.These years, a lot of related studies have been conducted and certain research progress has been achieved.This article reviews the advances in the study of immunocytes tracking using cellular magnetic resonance image in vivo.
Tumor immunotherapy is a new treatment modality following surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.In vivo tracking immunocyte helps to direct immunotherapy, as well as predict and assess the treatment effect.Cellular magnetic resonance imaging, applying specific contrast agents, is a non-invasive imaging modality capable of monitoring the real-time migration of cells in vivo repeatedly.These years, a lot of related studies have been conducted and certain research progress has been achieved.This article reviews the advances in the study of immunocytes tracking using cellular magnetic resonance image in vivo.
2014, 38(5): 341-346.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.05.015
Abstract:
The epidemiology study on Japanese Life Span Study Cohort is the main basis of radiation risk assessment and compensation for many countries.The models based on epidemiology data can calculate risk quantificationally, and provide explicit result for application.Recent years, with the data collection of Japanese Life Span Study Cohort and advancement of methodology, studies on risk model have made a great progress.The paper summarizes the models of radiogenic cancer and risk transfer models between populations which are established by the main institutions of radiation related cancer research, and briefly introduces the main considerations when establishes the model and transfers the risk between populations.In order to provide reference for the application of carcinogenic compensation related to radiation in china.
The epidemiology study on Japanese Life Span Study Cohort is the main basis of radiation risk assessment and compensation for many countries.The models based on epidemiology data can calculate risk quantificationally, and provide explicit result for application.Recent years, with the data collection of Japanese Life Span Study Cohort and advancement of methodology, studies on risk model have made a great progress.The paper summarizes the models of radiogenic cancer and risk transfer models between populations which are established by the main institutions of radiation related cancer research, and briefly introduces the main considerations when establishes the model and transfers the risk between populations.In order to provide reference for the application of carcinogenic compensation related to radiation in china.
2014, 38(5): 332-336.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.05.013
Abstract:
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancy which seriously harmful to the women′s health around the world.The application of PET/CT has remarkably improved the management of breast cancer.PET/CT offers advantages in evaluating breast cancer response to therapy and identifying patients who will not respond optimally to preoperative chemotherapy.In recent years, expression of specific molecular markers in breast cancer, such as estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status, has direct influence on the prognosis and therapeutic regimen.
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancy which seriously harmful to the women′s health around the world.The application of PET/CT has remarkably improved the management of breast cancer.PET/CT offers advantages in evaluating breast cancer response to therapy and identifying patients who will not respond optimally to preoperative chemotherapy.In recent years, expression of specific molecular markers in breast cancer, such as estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status, has direct influence on the prognosis and therapeutic regimen.
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