2014 Vol. 38, No. 2
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2014, 38(2): 71-74.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.02.001
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Abstract:
Objective To investigate the effects of ionizing radiation on the expression of B-cell translocation gene 2(BTG2) in cancer cells. Methods RT-PCR was used to determine the level of BTG2 mRNA, while the expression of BTG2 protein was assayed by Western blot. Results Compared with the un-irradiated cells, a single dose of 3 Gy γ-rays caused a significant increase of BTG2 protein in breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, and cervical cancer cell lines, C33A and HeLa. Furthermore, irradiation with γ-rays resulted in a dose and time dependent increase of BTG2 at both mRNA and protein levels. Conclusion The present study demonstrates, for the first time, that BTG2 is a value response gene to exposure of ionizing radiation, which may provide evidence for BTG2 as a novel marker for radiotherapy of cancer.
2014, 38(2): 75-79.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.02.002
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the changes of resting brain glucose metabolism in patients with lung cancer of different histological types. Methods One hundred patients with primary untreated lung cancer were divided into three groups[adenocarcinoma group(42 cases), squamous cell carcinoma group(37 cases)and small-cell carcinoma group(21 cases)] based on histological types confirmed by biopsy or surgical pathology. Their whole body 18F-FDG PET/CT were retrospectively studied. The brain PET data of three groups were analyzed individually using statistical parametric mapping, with 50 healthy controls as comparison. Results The brain PET imaging in all of three lung cancer groups showed relative reduction in the regional cerebral resting glucose metabolism, and mainly distributed in left superior and middle frontal gyrus and the inferior, middle and superior frontal gyrus bilateral frontal lobe. Besides, the hypometabolic brain areas were also detected in the right inferior parietal lobule and hippocampal in the small cell carcinoma group. The total hypometabolic brain area in the small cell lung cancer group(voxel values 3848)was greater than those in the adenocarcinoma(voxel values 1436)(t=14.33, P < 0.05)and the squamous cell carcinoma groups(voxel values 1397)(t=10.07, P < 0.05) respectively, and there was no statistical difference with respect to the areas between the later two groups(t=0.764, P>0.05). Conclusions The resting brain glucose metabolic changes in lung cancer patients may be correlated to their histological types of lung cancer. The reduced metabolic regions in lung cancer patients involved in some functional regions related to the mood disorders. The brain metabolic changes hopefully provide molecular imaging basis and evaluation indicator for lung cancer patients with affective disorders.
2014, 38(2): 80-83.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.02.003
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the level of the thyrotropin recepter antibody(TRAb) in healthy people and patients with different types of thyroid disease, and discuss its clinical significance. Methods Recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone receptor(TSHR)-ecd N-terminal fragment was used in N method and C-terminal fragment was used in C method as antigens respectively. The serum level of TRAb was measured in 89 healthy people and 254 patients with different types of thyroid disease respectively. The serum levels of TRAb comparison and positive rates comparison between groups were tested by analysis of variance and chi-square test respectively. Results The result of N method:the 405 nm light absorption value(x±s) in healthy people was 0.511±0.135 with a cut-off value(x±2s) of 0.789. The positive rate was 4.5%(4/89). The 405 nm light absorption value(x±s) in patients with incipient Graves(diffuse toxic goiter) and Hashimoto thyroiditis with hypothyroidism was 0.95±0.30, 0.61±0.22 respectively, which was higher than that in healthy people(F=2.4851 and 2.0763, both P < 0.05). The positive rate in incipient Graves disease, Graves disease with treatment, Graves disease patients in convalescence stage and Hashimoto thyroiditis with hypothyroidism was 73.2%, 55.9%, 32.1%, 45.0%, respectively. There were significant differences between the above groups and the normal control group(χ2=68.55, 56.45, 20.71 and 25.51, all P < 0.05). The positive rate was significantly higher in incipient Graves disease patients than Hashimoto thyroiditis with hypothyroidism patients(χ2=4.63, P < 0.05). There was significant difference in the positive rate between incipient Graves disease and Graves disease patients in convalescence stage(χ2=15.94, P < 0.05). The result of C method:the 405 nm light absorption value(x±s) in healthy people was 0.507±0.142 with a cut-off value(x±2s) of 0.791. The positive rate was 3.4%(3/89). The 405 nm light absorption value(x±s) in Hashimoto thyroiditis with hypothyroidism patients and incipient Graves disease patients was 1.18±0.25, 0.78±0.25, respectively, which was significantly higher than that in healthy people(F=3.8164, 2.4539, P < 0.05). The positive rate in Hashimoto thyroiditis with hypothyroidism, incipient Graves disease, Graves disease with treatment, Graves disease patients in convalescence stage was 75.0%, 46.3%, 23.6%, 16.1%, respectively. There were significant differences among the above groups and the normal control group(χ2=66.34, 36.87, 15.79, 7.30, all P < 0.05). The positive rate was significantly higher in Hashimoto thyroiditis with hypothyroidism than other groups(χ2=4.48, 19.70, 23.68, all P < 0.05). Conclusions The N method and C method had important significance for detecting the serum level of TRAb in Graves disease and Hashimoto thyroiditis with hypothyroidism. It may be used in clinical diagnosis, treatment and curative effect evaluation for Graves disease and Hashimoto thyroiditis with hypothyroidism.
2014, 38(2): 84-89.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.02.004
Abstract:
Objective To explore the best diagnostic scanning and image processing methods of multi-slice CT urography (MSCTU) in the detection of congenital anomalies of urinary system. Methods One hundred and fifty nine patients who suffered from the ureter and renal collecting duct system anomalies to be examined by MSCTU were collected and reviewed retrospectively.The diagnostic accuracy of congenital anomalies were calculated on the image of multi-planar reconstruction (MPR)+MSCTU unenhanced scanning and the image of post-processing technique of MPR, maximum intensity projection (MIP), volume rendering (VR)+enhanced cortical phase scanning, parenchymal phase scanning and excretory phase scanning. Results The diagnostic accuracy of the MSCTU unenhanced scanning+MPR and enhanced cortical phase scanning, parenchymal phase scanning, excretory phase scanning+the image of post-processing technique (MPR, MIP, VR) were:ureteropelvic junction obstruction (63.5%, 79.4%, 87.3%, 95.2%), renal pelvis ureteral duplication (17.54%, 29.82%, 29.82%, 92.98%), ureteral cyst (73.33%, 73.33%, 73.33%, 100%), extrarenal pelvis (66.67%, 66.67%, 66.67%, 83.33%).MSCTU plain film could show the stones in the urinary system.The MPR film of MSCTU enhanced excretory phase could show the ectopic ureter and ureteral cyst, and the MIP and VR images could visually show the whole structure of urinary system. Conclusions The MSCTU plain film in the diagnosis of congenital malformations of urinary system is of limited values, while the MSCTU film with image post-processing techniques in the diagnosis of congenital malformations of urinary system has their unique advantages, which can be used as a preferred method in examination.
2014, 38(2): 90-93.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.02.005
Abstract:
Objective To observe the changing of thyroid hormone levels and hepatic function indicators of Graves disease patients with hepatic dysfunction who undergoing 131I therapy, then to evaluate the therapeutic effect and provide practical guidance for clinic. Methods The clinical data of the 101 Graves disease patients with hepatic dysfunction who had received 131I therapy were analyzed retrospectively. Thyroid hormone levels and hepatic function indices before treatment, 3 and 6 months after treatment were analyzed. Results After followed up for 6 months, of all the 101 patients, thyroid function returned to normal in 79 cases; 14 cases improved markedly; 8 cases progressed in hypothyroidism. Liver function returned to normal in 94 cases and liver function improved in 7 cases. Three and six months after 131I therapy, thyroid hormones levels of all the patients decreased significantly, and TSH restored gradually. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyltransferanse and total bilirubin level were significantly decreased. Comparison of thyroid hormones and hepatic function indices of patients 3 months after treatment vs. the values before treatment and 6 months after treatment vs. 3 months after treatment, the differences were statistically significant(t=4.609~26.865, P < 0.01). Conclusion 131I therapy is better than antithyroid drugs treatment, it should be the first choice for Graves disease patients with hepatic dysfunction.
2014, 38(2): 94-95.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.02.006
Abstract:
Objective To observe the short-term efficacy of percutaneous lung puncture implantation of 125I seeds guided by CT in the treatment of advanced lung cancer. Methods Percutaneous lung puncture implantation of 125I seeds were performed in 20 cases of advanced lung cancer patients. The short-term efficacy was observed according to the imaging results, and the complications were also followed. Results According to the CT images, 15%(3/20) were complete remission in 20 cases implanted 125I seeds for more than 3 months, and 55%(11/20) were partial remission, 30%(6/20) were no remission, 15%(3/20) were concurrent pneumothorax, 20%(4/20) coughed a few bloody sputum. The total effective rate was 70%. The follow-up time ranged from 3 to 18 months. 1 case died of respiratory failure 5 months after surgery. Conclusion Implantation of 125I seeds in the treatment of advanced lung cancer showed few complications and a satisfactory short-term efficacy, while the long-term efficacy was to be observed.
2014, 38(2): 96-100.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.02.007
Abstract:
With the continuous improvement of the recent medical, people′s demand for the early diagnosis and accurate localization of the disease have been increased. Recently, the PET/CT and SPECT/CT have been widely used in clinic. In order to accurately locate lesions and diagnose the disease at the same time, the bimodal molecular imaging have been widely concerned by the researchers and clinical scientists. Other than the advanced imaging equipment, the most important for the bimodal molecular imaging is to develop new and efficient bimodal molecular imaging probes. Dendrimer nanomaterial is a potential bimodal molecular imaging probe vector because of its uniform structure, controllable particle size, and meanwhile the surface with a large number of active groups which can be used to connect multiple molecular probes. This paper introduced the application of dendrimer nanomaterial used as bimodal molecular imaging probe vector in optical imaging/MRI, SPECT/CT and CT/MRI.
With the continuous improvement of the recent medical, people′s demand for the early diagnosis and accurate localization of the disease have been increased. Recently, the PET/CT and SPECT/CT have been widely used in clinic. In order to accurately locate lesions and diagnose the disease at the same time, the bimodal molecular imaging have been widely concerned by the researchers and clinical scientists. Other than the advanced imaging equipment, the most important for the bimodal molecular imaging is to develop new and efficient bimodal molecular imaging probes. Dendrimer nanomaterial is a potential bimodal molecular imaging probe vector because of its uniform structure, controllable particle size, and meanwhile the surface with a large number of active groups which can be used to connect multiple molecular probes. This paper introduced the application of dendrimer nanomaterial used as bimodal molecular imaging probe vector in optical imaging/MRI, SPECT/CT and CT/MRI.
2014, 38(2): 101-105, 134.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.02.008
Abstract:
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergency events caused by vulnerable plaque are one of the major threats to human health, so it′s very important to detect and evaluate vulnerable property of plaque. Conventional imaging evaluates plaque by morphology. Although lots of progress has been made in technology, limitation still exists in early detection and evaluation. Molecular imaging has been applied in radionuclide imaging, MRI, ultrasound and optical imaging. Imaging targets of vulnerable plaque include plaque composition, inflammation, thrombosis, angiogenesis and apoptosis etc, which represent the morphology and functional metabolism of plaque. Multimodal molecular imaging combines advantages of each single imaging method, providing help for early detection and evaluation of vulnerable plaque. This article makes a review about current situation of detection and evaluation for atherosclerosis vulnerable plaque by conventional imaging and molecular imaging.
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergency events caused by vulnerable plaque are one of the major threats to human health, so it′s very important to detect and evaluate vulnerable property of plaque. Conventional imaging evaluates plaque by morphology. Although lots of progress has been made in technology, limitation still exists in early detection and evaluation. Molecular imaging has been applied in radionuclide imaging, MRI, ultrasound and optical imaging. Imaging targets of vulnerable plaque include plaque composition, inflammation, thrombosis, angiogenesis and apoptosis etc, which represent the morphology and functional metabolism of plaque. Multimodal molecular imaging combines advantages of each single imaging method, providing help for early detection and evaluation of vulnerable plaque. This article makes a review about current situation of detection and evaluation for atherosclerosis vulnerable plaque by conventional imaging and molecular imaging.
2014, 38(2): 106-109.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.02.009
Abstract:
Embryonic stem cells(ESCs) possess the ability to differentiate into various cell types. Induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs) are a type of pluripotent stem cell genetically reprogrammed from somatic cells, which have similar biological features of natural pluripotent stem cells, such as ESCs. iPSCs have been widely used in stem cell therapy without any drawbacks of ethical issues. In recent years, there is a growing body of studies concerning molecular imaging of monitoring stem cells transplantation and made significant achievements. This review will be focused on the updated application of radionuclide imaging in monitoring of ESCs and iPSCs transplantation.Stem cell transplantation; Pluripotent stem cells; Radionuclide imaging; Molecular imaging
Embryonic stem cells(ESCs) possess the ability to differentiate into various cell types. Induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs) are a type of pluripotent stem cell genetically reprogrammed from somatic cells, which have similar biological features of natural pluripotent stem cells, such as ESCs. iPSCs have been widely used in stem cell therapy without any drawbacks of ethical issues. In recent years, there is a growing body of studies concerning molecular imaging of monitoring stem cells transplantation and made significant achievements. This review will be focused on the updated application of radionuclide imaging in monitoring of ESCs and iPSCs transplantation.Stem cell transplantation; Pluripotent stem cells; Radionuclide imaging; Molecular imaging
2014, 38(2): 110-116.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.02.010
Abstract:
It is of great significance to monitor radiation dose and standardize radiation protection of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients after 131I treatment.It can protect patients and the surrounding people from radiation risks.The present study showed that the adverse reactions can be alleviated and controlled effectively in DTC patients after 131I treatment.The radiation dose of the surrounding people can be in line with the international radiation protection regulations, as long as the related laws and regulations of radiation protection in 131I treatment can be strictly obeyed, as well as the radiation dose is monitored and the right guidance and instructions are given to the patients, staff and family members.
It is of great significance to monitor radiation dose and standardize radiation protection of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients after 131I treatment.It can protect patients and the surrounding people from radiation risks.The present study showed that the adverse reactions can be alleviated and controlled effectively in DTC patients after 131I treatment.The radiation dose of the surrounding people can be in line with the international radiation protection regulations, as long as the related laws and regulations of radiation protection in 131I treatment can be strictly obeyed, as well as the radiation dose is monitored and the right guidance and instructions are given to the patients, staff and family members.
2014, 38(2): 117-125.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.02.011
Abstract:
Hodgkin lymphoma(HL)accounts for 10.9% of all malignant lymphoma in China.About 90% of HL originates from the lymph nodes. The involved lymph nodes are usually symmetrical. HL seldom involves extranodal tissues. HL is one of the curable tumors and sensitive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This article aims to improving the knowledge of the value of medical imaging methods in diagnosis and treatment of HL by reviewing the present state of CT, MRI, 67Ga and PET or PET/CT in imaging of HL.
Hodgkin lymphoma(HL)accounts for 10.9% of all malignant lymphoma in China.About 90% of HL originates from the lymph nodes. The involved lymph nodes are usually symmetrical. HL seldom involves extranodal tissues. HL is one of the curable tumors and sensitive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This article aims to improving the knowledge of the value of medical imaging methods in diagnosis and treatment of HL by reviewing the present state of CT, MRI, 67Ga and PET or PET/CT in imaging of HL.
2014, 38(2): 126-129.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.02.012
Abstract:
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy is an autoimmune disease with unclear mechanism. Radiotherapy has certain curative effect to relieve the eye symptoms. Usage of traditional radiotherapy technology might be the reason of no discernible improved efficiency. However, with the progress of radiotherapy, it is found that more problems like target volume, dose and radiotherapy which is especially stressed deserves further investigation. Compared with the traditional radiotherapy, the modern radiotherapy is featured with even dose distribution in target volume and large dose gradient outside target volume. Therefore, it is more helpful in improving efficiency and protecting normal tissue.
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy is an autoimmune disease with unclear mechanism. Radiotherapy has certain curative effect to relieve the eye symptoms. Usage of traditional radiotherapy technology might be the reason of no discernible improved efficiency. However, with the progress of radiotherapy, it is found that more problems like target volume, dose and radiotherapy which is especially stressed deserves further investigation. Compared with the traditional radiotherapy, the modern radiotherapy is featured with even dose distribution in target volume and large dose gradient outside target volume. Therefore, it is more helpful in improving efficiency and protecting normal tissue.
2014, 38(2): 130-134.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2014.02.013
Abstract:
When neutron or radon irradiates CR-39 solid state detector, the energy is attenuated, and generating a track on the CR-39, which can be amplified by chemical etching and observed or analyzed by modern microscope. CR-39 is widely used in personal dose monitoring of oil exploration workers, radiation dose monitoring of medical staff and patients in the field of radiation therapy with accelerator and radon levels measurements in the living environments, etc. This article focuses on the CR-39 solid state detector track by chemical etching and the influencing factors are analyzed and introduced.
When neutron or radon irradiates CR-39 solid state detector, the energy is attenuated, and generating a track on the CR-39, which can be amplified by chemical etching and observed or analyzed by modern microscope. CR-39 is widely used in personal dose monitoring of oil exploration workers, radiation dose monitoring of medical staff and patients in the field of radiation therapy with accelerator and radon levels measurements in the living environments, etc. This article focuses on the CR-39 solid state detector track by chemical etching and the influencing factors are analyzed and introduced.
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