2013 Vol. 37, No. 6
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2013, 37(6): 333-336.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.06.002
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Abstract:
Objective To observed the effects of X-ray irradiation on myocardial mitochondrial function and role of autophagy in mitochondrial injury. Methods The rats were divided into sham-irradiation control group, irradiation group and irradiation+3-methyladenine(3-MA) group. Rat in sham-irradiation control group accepted no irradiation, while rat in irradiation group accepted local 20 Gy X-ray irradiation in the chest, the last group accepted 20 Gy X-ray irradiation prior to intraperitoneal injection 2 μl 3-MA. Western blot and real time PCR were used to detect the expression of LC3Ⅱ and Beclin 1 in protein and their mRNA levels. In vitro cardiac function was used to detect the changes of the left ventricular diastolic pressure(LVDP), the maximal rate of rise of pressure in the isovolumetric systolic left ventricle(+dP/dtmax)and the maximal rate of rise of pressure in the isovolumetric diastolic left ventricle(-dP/dtmax). Results Compared with the sham-irradiation control group, there were the decreased of the LVDP, +dP/dtmax and -dP/dtmax at 21 d, and myocardial mitochondrial injury at 1 d after 20 Gy irradiation. The expression of LC3 and Beclin 1 in protein and mRNA levels increased significantly at 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 2 d, 4 d and 7 d after 20 Gy irradiation, up to peak at 6 h. Compared with irradiation group, intraperitoneal injection 2 μl 3-MA 30 min before irradiation, the expression of LC3Ⅱ and Beclin 1 in protein decreased significantly at 6 h after irradiation, there were the decreased of the LVDP, +dP/dtmax and -dP/dtmax at 14 d, then the irradiation group for 21 days. Conclusion X-ray irradiation could injury myocardial mitochondrial function and induce autophagy in rat myocardial cell, which was an important factor of myocardial protection.
2013, 37(6): 337-339.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.06.003
Abstract:
Objective To improve the reliability of experimental outcome in radio-sensitive drug research by improving the animal model of locally irradiated tumor. Methods Liver cancer cells H22 were implanted into legs and insteps subcutaneously in mice, respectively, and made them grow into solid tumors. Then the tumors were treated with the γ ray of 137Cs at the dosage of 5 Gy. Measured length, width and height of tumors once per day, and calculated volume of tumors, observed for 24 days. Results Volume and weight of the irradiated tumor inoculated into legs were no obvious difference(t=0.55、0.70, both P>0.05). But volume and weight of the irradiated tumors inoculated subcutaneously into insteps of the tested mice were obviously lower than that of control mice(t=2.25, P < 0.05 in volume; t=3.14, P < 0.01 in weight). Conclusion The insteps subcutaneous approach of tumors in mice is a more simple, convenient and practicable operation, and will make the testing result more accurate and reliabe.
2013, 37(6): 340-344.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.06.004
Abstract:
Objective To explore the correlation between thyroxine hormone and the severity of coronary artery disease(CAD). Methods 158 patients with coronary adisease were entered consecutively into the study. They were separated into control group(absence of CAD, n=98)and CAD group(presence of CAD, n=60). Based on the number of vessel disease, CAD group was further divided into three sub-groups:single-vessel CAD subgroup(n=30), bi-vessel CAD subgroup(n=15) and multi-vessel CAD subgroup(n=15). Serum free triiodothyronine(fT3), free thyroxine(fT4), thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) were tested by electrochemiluminescence; high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) and total cholesterol(TC) were measured by cholesterol oxidase method; and Gensini scoring system was used to evaluate the degree of coronary artery stenosis. Results The levels of fT3 in both bi-vessel CAD and multi-vessel subgroups were higher than those in control group(t=1.947, 6.415, both P < 0.05). And the level of fT4 in multi-vessel subgroup was also higher than that in control group (t=3.026, P < 0.05). fT3 was an independent risk factor of CAD using Logistic regression model. In addition, fT3 was negatively correlated with Gensini scoring in multiple linear regressions. Gensini scores would increase by 1 as long as the level of fT3 decreases 0.234 pmol/L. Conclusion fT3 level decreased in patients with CAD, and correlated with the severity of CAD. Gensini scores would increase 1 as long as fT3 decreases 0.234 pmol/L, which could be supposed as a sensitive predictor of CAD.
2013, 37(6): 345-348.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.06.005
Abstract:
Objective To explore the therapeutic effect and complications of operation combined with 125I seeds implantation in the treatment of brain glioma. Methods A retrospective analysis was underwent in 58 cases of recurrent cerebral glioma patients, among them, 23 patients were treated with simple operation, 35 cases were given treatment plans by three-dimensional treatment planning system in preoperation or intraoperation, and according to the does set in intraoperation, 125I seeds were implanted in the tumor bed after tumor resection with the prescription dose was 140-188 Gy. Verification and quality evaluation was performed every 2 months by CT or MRI. After 8-32 months follow-up, tumor recurrence rate, survival time and complications were compared between the two groups. Results There were 20 cases of recurrence in the simple operation group and the recurrence rate was 87%, 3 patients died of postoperative complications. There were 23 cases of recurrence in the intraoperative 125I seeds implantation group and the recurrence rate was 65.7%; 5 patients died of postoperative complications, 4 cases of refractory cerebral edema, 3 cases of radiation necrosis of the brain. The recurrence time in intraoperative 125I implantation group [(97. 5±15. 3)weeks] was significantly greater than that in simple operation group[(62. 5±13. 6)weeks](t=9. 21, P < 0. 05), the survival time[(60. 3±7. 1) weeks] was significantly longer than that in simple operation group[(43. 1±5. 5) weeks](t=13. 03, P < 0. 05). Conclusion 125I seeds implantation treatment intraoperative could reduce glioma recurrence rate, effectively improve the survival time in recurrent glioma patients.
2013, 37(6): 349-351.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.06.006
Abstract:
Objective To explore the clinical value of imaging techniques in the diagnosis of typical and atypical acute appendicitis. Methods Analyzed the performance of imaging examination of the 40 patients with typical and atypical acute appendicitis confirmed by operation and pathology retrospectively. Results Among the 20 patients with atypical acute appendicitis, 17 cases were diagnosed as having ultrasonography and 18 cases were diagnosed as having CT examination. And among the other 20 patients with typical acute appendicitis, 14 cases were diagnosed by ultrasonography and 16 cases were diagnosed by CT examination. Conclusion For the atypical clinical symptoms in patients with acute appendicitis, timely and accurate imaging technology should be taken to achieve early diagnosis and treatment. For the typical acute appendicitis, imaging diagnoses were not necessarily, so as not to delay the operation time or cause complications.
2013, 37(6): 352-354,373.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.06.007
Abstract:
Phage display is a molecular diversity technology that allows the presentation of large peptide and protein libraries on the surface of filamentous phage. Phage display libraries permit the selection of peptides and proteins, including antibodies, with high affinity and specificity for almost any target. In recent years, along with phage display technology maturated, it has been widely used in screening tumor antibody library, the preparation of monoclonal antibody, polypeptide, drug design, gene therapy and cell signal transduction. This review serves as an introduction to phage display in molecular nuclear medicine, and recent application in display technology.
Phage display is a molecular diversity technology that allows the presentation of large peptide and protein libraries on the surface of filamentous phage. Phage display libraries permit the selection of peptides and proteins, including antibodies, with high affinity and specificity for almost any target. In recent years, along with phage display technology maturated, it has been widely used in screening tumor antibody library, the preparation of monoclonal antibody, polypeptide, drug design, gene therapy and cell signal transduction. This review serves as an introduction to phage display in molecular nuclear medicine, and recent application in display technology.
2013, 37(6): 355-358.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.06.008
Abstract:
Ischemic heart disease seriously damages people′s health. Current therapies present a major challenge in the treatment of myocardium infarction, and can′t achieve satisfactory therapeutic effect. Gene therapy especially the angiogenesis factors offered new hopes to treat the disease. In addition, this paper summarizes the research advance in the therapeutic effect of the angiogenesis factors on ischemic heart disease.
Ischemic heart disease seriously damages people′s health. Current therapies present a major challenge in the treatment of myocardium infarction, and can′t achieve satisfactory therapeutic effect. Gene therapy especially the angiogenesis factors offered new hopes to treat the disease. In addition, this paper summarizes the research advance in the therapeutic effect of the angiogenesis factors on ischemic heart disease.
2013, 37(6): 359-363,377.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.06.009
Abstract:
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC), which has high morbidity, difficult diagnosis, and poor treatment results, is a type of malignant tumor in head and neck cancer. The mainstay treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma has been radiotherapy as NPC is sensitive to radiotherapy. However, there is a significant rate of local failures and distant metastases. PET/CT, an important imaging modality in modern medicine, combines the functional imaging of PET and the anatomic imaging of CT to efficiently image tumor proliferation, metabolism, hypoxia and cell apoptosis. It can also precisely image the anatomic structure of tumors and their adjacent organs or tissues. PET/CT was found to be particularly helpful for guiding diagnosis and therapy, the staging and grading of tumors, monitoring therapy and in evaluating the prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC), which has high morbidity, difficult diagnosis, and poor treatment results, is a type of malignant tumor in head and neck cancer. The mainstay treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma has been radiotherapy as NPC is sensitive to radiotherapy. However, there is a significant rate of local failures and distant metastases. PET/CT, an important imaging modality in modern medicine, combines the functional imaging of PET and the anatomic imaging of CT to efficiently image tumor proliferation, metabolism, hypoxia and cell apoptosis. It can also precisely image the anatomic structure of tumors and their adjacent organs or tissues. PET/CT was found to be particularly helpful for guiding diagnosis and therapy, the staging and grading of tumors, monitoring therapy and in evaluating the prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
2013, 37(6): 364-369.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.06.010
Abstract:
Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor, accounting for about 40%-50% of intracranial tumors. Patients have a poor prognosis and especially high-grade glioma. With various characteristics of histology and multiple biological behaviors, glioma has different responses to many types of treatment. CT and MRI are conventional imaging methods, while PET or PET/CT is relatively new. The latter mainly reflects tumor metabolism. CT reflects anatomy structure by utilizing the difference of tissue density. However, CT cannot estimate tumor metabolism. Although MRI has good tissue resolution and can also judge tumor metabolism, it still has some limitations. With the extensive use of 18F-FDG PET or PET/CT and the development of other imaging agents beyond FDG, the diagnostic value of PET or PET/CT in glioma is highly concerned.
Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor, accounting for about 40%-50% of intracranial tumors. Patients have a poor prognosis and especially high-grade glioma. With various characteristics of histology and multiple biological behaviors, glioma has different responses to many types of treatment. CT and MRI are conventional imaging methods, while PET or PET/CT is relatively new. The latter mainly reflects tumor metabolism. CT reflects anatomy structure by utilizing the difference of tissue density. However, CT cannot estimate tumor metabolism. Although MRI has good tissue resolution and can also judge tumor metabolism, it still has some limitations. With the extensive use of 18F-FDG PET or PET/CT and the development of other imaging agents beyond FDG, the diagnostic value of PET or PET/CT in glioma is highly concerned.
2013, 37(6): 370-373.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.06.011
Abstract:
DNA repair protein can repair DNA damage of cells and play important roles in maintaining the integrity of the genetic information and suppressing the formation of tumor. The expression of DNA repair genes associates with the development of tumors. In this review, an overview of the relationship between XRCC1, XRCC2 and Rad51 polymorphism of X-ray repair cross complementing gene family and tumors was introduced.
DNA repair protein can repair DNA damage of cells and play important roles in maintaining the integrity of the genetic information and suppressing the formation of tumor. The expression of DNA repair genes associates with the development of tumors. In this review, an overview of the relationship between XRCC1, XRCC2 and Rad51 polymorphism of X-ray repair cross complementing gene family and tumors was introduced.
2013, 37(6): 374-377.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.06.012
Abstract:
This paper reveals the selective injury effect and suppressing growth effect of low frequency magnetic field on tumor cells. The effects occur in special `frequency windows' and `power windows'. This paper also points out the sensitization from low frequency magnetic field occurs in radiotherapy and chemotherapy of tumor and the multi-drug resistance is decreased, analyzes the cause of physical sensitization. Finally, this paper presents that the low frequency pulse magnetic field should be normalized for the uncertainty from differences of pulse magnetic field.
This paper reveals the selective injury effect and suppressing growth effect of low frequency magnetic field on tumor cells. The effects occur in special `frequency windows' and `power windows'. This paper also points out the sensitization from low frequency magnetic field occurs in radiotherapy and chemotherapy of tumor and the multi-drug resistance is decreased, analyzes the cause of physical sensitization. Finally, this paper presents that the low frequency pulse magnetic field should be normalized for the uncertainty from differences of pulse magnetic field.
2013, 37(6): 378-380,384.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.06.013
Abstract:
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease. It is difficult to make an early diagnosis because it is insidious onset. One of the neuropathological hallmarks of AD is the formation of senile plaques, which is composed of fibril amyloid β-protein (Aβ). And amyloid deposition is an early event on the path to dementia. N-[11C] methyl-2-4′-methylaminophenyl-6-hydroxybenzothiazole(11C-PIB) is a specific molecular probe of Aβ, which could monitor the change of fibril Aβ non-invasively, dynami-cally and quantitatively. In order to aid early diagnosis, screen the population for antiamyloid therapies and monitor the therapeutic effects, it is urgent to elucidate the PIB characteristics of distribution at different stage of AD. Therefore, the application of 11C-PIB PET in AD in the latest years will be summarized.
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease. It is difficult to make an early diagnosis because it is insidious onset. One of the neuropathological hallmarks of AD is the formation of senile plaques, which is composed of fibril amyloid β-protein (Aβ). And amyloid deposition is an early event on the path to dementia. N-[11C] methyl-2-4′-methylaminophenyl-6-hydroxybenzothiazole(11C-PIB) is a specific molecular probe of Aβ, which could monitor the change of fibril Aβ non-invasively, dynami-cally and quantitatively. In order to aid early diagnosis, screen the population for antiamyloid therapies and monitor the therapeutic effects, it is urgent to elucidate the PIB characteristics of distribution at different stage of AD. Therefore, the application of 11C-PIB PET in AD in the latest years will be summarized.
2013, 37(6): 381-384.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.06.014
Abstract:
Radiation therapy developed very quickly in recent years and was widely applied in cerebral vascular malformations, neoplasms and brain lesions. It can not only control the progress of the diseases, but also improve the life quality of patients. Nearly 20 years it has appeared stereotactic radiotherapy, conformal radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiation therapy. It makes the ray more concentrated to the body, so the radiation dose increased sharply. But treated with large doses of radiation therapy may increase common brain tissue injury for patients. Brain tissue injury occurs in 3 to 6 months after radiation therapy. Conventional treatments include dehydration, anticoagulation and surgical operation. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a new method for radioactive nerve injury. And hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been repeatedly mentioned recently. This article will review something about hyperbaric oxygen therapy in adjuvant treatment of radioactive nerve injury.
Radiation therapy developed very quickly in recent years and was widely applied in cerebral vascular malformations, neoplasms and brain lesions. It can not only control the progress of the diseases, but also improve the life quality of patients. Nearly 20 years it has appeared stereotactic radiotherapy, conformal radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiation therapy. It makes the ray more concentrated to the body, so the radiation dose increased sharply. But treated with large doses of radiation therapy may increase common brain tissue injury for patients. Brain tissue injury occurs in 3 to 6 months after radiation therapy. Conventional treatments include dehydration, anticoagulation and surgical operation. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a new method for radioactive nerve injury. And hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been repeatedly mentioned recently. This article will review something about hyperbaric oxygen therapy in adjuvant treatment of radioactive nerve injury.
2013, 37(6): 385-388.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.06.015
Abstract:
Coronary artery diseases are common complications for diabetic patients. Silent myocardial ischemia is a type of coronary artery disease which was usually occult in onset and asymptomatic that can be easily ignored, causing severe cardiovascular events. Therefore, it′s necessary to screen myocardial ischemia in such patients. SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging plays an important role in screening, diagnosing and predicting myocardial ischemia in diabetic patients as a noninvasive imaging technique.
Coronary artery diseases are common complications for diabetic patients. Silent myocardial ischemia is a type of coronary artery disease which was usually occult in onset and asymptomatic that can be easily ignored, causing severe cardiovascular events. Therefore, it′s necessary to screen myocardial ischemia in such patients. SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging plays an important role in screening, diagnosing and predicting myocardial ischemia in diabetic patients as a noninvasive imaging technique.
2013, 37(6): 389-390.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.06.016
Abstract:
International Commission on Radiological Protection(ICRP)issued new recommendations on radiological protection in 2012 which formally replaced the previous recommendations. In the new recommendation 118, which issued in 2012, ICRP included consideration of the detriment arising from non-cancer effects of radiation on health. These effects, previously called deterministic effects, are now referred to as tissue reactions. The commission considered the effects of radiation in normal tissues and organs-threshold doses for tissue reactions in a radiation protection context.
International Commission on Radiological Protection(ICRP)issued new recommendations on radiological protection in 2012 which formally replaced the previous recommendations. In the new recommendation 118, which issued in 2012, ICRP included consideration of the detriment arising from non-cancer effects of radiation on health. These effects, previously called deterministic effects, are now referred to as tissue reactions. The commission considered the effects of radiation in normal tissues and organs-threshold doses for tissue reactions in a radiation protection context.
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