2013 Vol. 37, No. 2
column
Display Method:
2013, 37(2): 65-68.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.02.001
[PDF 648KB]
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the biodistribution of 125I labeled dendrimer nanomaterial—polyamidoamine (PAMAM) in mice. Methods Tyrosine was conjugated to four generation PAMAM by N-Hydroxysuccinimide, then 125I was labeled on PAMAM with chloramines-T method, and purified by dialysis. Labeling rate, radiochemical purity and stability of 125I-PAMAM were detected by radioactive thin layer chromatography scanning. The gamma imaging and biodistribution were detected by in vivo imaging system and gamma counter at one, four, eight, twenty-four and forty-eight hours after intravenous injection. Results The 1H nuclear magnetic resonance results showed that about two tyrosines were conjugated to PAMAM. The 125I labeling rate was about 56% and radiochemical purity was more than 98%. The radiochemical purity of labeled compound remained more than 90% at 72 hours in vitro. In vivo imaging results showed that PAMAM was mainly accumulated in liver periphery. The gamma counter results showed that PAMAM mainly accumulated in liver, kidney and spleen, the excretion of PAMAM was slow and there has high dose of PAMAM in mice at 48 hours. Conclusion PAMAM with no chemical modification was mainly accumulated in liver, kidney and spleen, and the excretion of PAMAM was slow, so PAMAM is not fit as drug carrier. PAMAM need to chemical modification to accelerate excretion and prevent the emergence of toxicity caused by accumulation in body.
2013, 37(2): 69-73.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.02.002
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the radioactive 131I dose of treatment in pediatric patients with Graves hyperthyroidism. Method Fifty one pediatric patients with hyperthyroidism and 150 adult patients with hyperthyroidism were retrospectively analyzed, who were contraindicated or refractory for medical therapy and treated with 131I in this study. All pediatric and adult patients treated with 131I were divided into five groups according to the thyroid weight. Group1:≤30 g, Group2:31~50 g, Group3:51~70 g, Group4:71~90 g and Group5: > 90 g. The pediatric patients were comparable to the adult patients in data distribution of the thyroid weight. All pediatric patients who were either contraindicated or refractory to antithyroid drugs treatment and adult patients received radioactive 131I treatment with a dose of(2.41±0.71), (3.27±0.97)MBq/g thyroid tissue respectively. The total administrated doses of 131I in all pediatric and adult patients were(224.36±130.10)MBq and(354.88±308.04)MBq respectively. All the pediatric and adult patients treated with 131I were followed-up(median 32 months, range 24 to 83 months; median 23 months, range 15 to 62 months, respectively). The treatment results were divided into euthyroid, hyperthyroidism, late-onset hypothyroidism and relapsed. Results The results by followed-up found that 16 and 65 patients became euthyroid, 22 and 56 patients developed late-onset hypothyroidism, 12 and 25 patients still had hyperthyroidism, 1 and 4 patients relapsed after radioiodine therapy in pediatric group and adult group who were treated with 131I, respectively. The total efficiency was 98% and 97.3%, respectively. There were no statistical significance of treatment effect between pediatric and adult patients(χ2=0.058, P > 0.05). Conclusion When the radioactive 131I dose was administrated in pediatric patients with hyperthyroidism, who were contraindicated or refractory for medical therapy, it is recommended that the ratios of total 131I dose administrated and that based on per gram thyroid tissue between pediatric and adult patients were 63% and 74%, respectively.
2013, 37(2): 74-76, 87.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.02.003
Abstract:
Objective To observe the biological parameters of the new strain Kunming-hairless mice on the condition of normal, irradiation and tumor-implanting. Methods ① The physiological parameters of normal Kunming mice and normal Kunming-hairless mice were observed. ②After being inoculated with hepatic carcinoma H22, leukemia L1210, tumor growth of the two kinds of mice was observed. ③White blood cell count, thymus index and spleen index parameters were observed after irradiation by 137Cs γ-ray. Results The differences of normal parameters between Kunming mice and Kunming-hairless mice were not significant, but the immune parameter-thymuses of Kunming-hairless mice were smaller than that of Kunming mice, tumors growth after implantation were quite well in both strain Kunming and Kunming-hairless mice. Conclusion As pure strain animal, Kunming-hairless mice possesses biological traits of Kunming mice, it can be applied to the sciences experiment.
2013, 37(2): 77-80.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.02.004
Abstract:
Objective To explore the value of serum thyrotrophin receptor antibody(TRAb) on the pathological mechanism of Graves ophthalmopathy. Methods Two hundred and nineteen newly diagnosed Graves disease patients who were divided into Graves ophthalmopathy group(n=121) and without Graves ophthalmolpathy group(n=98) were tested serum concentration with thyroid function, thyroperoxidase antibodies(TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibodies(TgAb)and TRAb. According to the consensus statement of the European Group on Graves ophthalmopathy, clinical activity score(CAS)and severity evaluation were carried out on Graves ophthalmopathy patients. Results There was no significant difference in serum concentration of free thyroxine(FT4), free triiodothyronine(FT3), TPOAb and TRAb between the Graves ophthalmopathy group and the without Graves ophthalmopathy group. Serum concentration of TRAb was not correlated with the severity and CAS of Graves ophthalmopathy. Conclusions The CAS and the severity of Graves ophthalmopathy were irrelevant to the serum concentration of TRAb. Therefore, the correlation between TRAb and Graves ophthalmopathy still needs further study.
2013, 37(2): 81-83.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.02.005
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the teratogenicity of Nikean in Wistar rats. Methods Pregnant rats were divided into 4 groups, three Nikean dosage groups(300, 200, 100 mg/kg) and one negative control group. Nikean or normal saline was given via caudal vein injection for 10 days from the 10 th day of gestation. Pregnant rats were killed at the 20th day of gestation, and parets and their fetuses were examined. Results Compared to the control group, there was no difference in weight of pregnant rats in three Nikean dosage groups. No abnormality was observed in skeleton and internal organs of fetuses in three Nikean dosage groups. There were significant differences between three Nikean dosage groups and control group in fetal weight, trunk length and tail length in female and male rats. Conclusion NiKeAn at the dose of 300, 200, 100 mg/kg showed a certain fetotoxicity but had no apparent teratogenesis in rats.
2013, 37(2): 84-87.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.02.006
Abstract:
Objective To explore the correlation between combined imaging modalities of 18F-FDG PET/CT and 3.0T MRI and expression of Ki-67(proliferating cell nuclear antigen)in breast cancer. Methods A retrospective study was carried out in eighteen patients with pathologically confirmed primary breast cancer, who underwent both 18F-FDG PET/CT and 3.0T MRI examinations before operation. The interval between immunohistochemisty and combined imaging examinations was not more than one week after operation. The correlations between maximum standardized uptake value(SUVmax) as well as the score of combined imaging modalities and the expression level of Ki-67 were analyzed. Results ①A positive correlation between SUVmax and expression level of Ki-67 was demonstrated in breast cancer lesions(r=0.473, P < 0.05). ②A significantly positive correlation between the score of combined imaging modalities and the expression level of Ki-67 was also noted(r=0.674, P < 0.01). Conclusion Tumor proliferation can be reflected by the combined imaging modalities of 18F-FDG PET/CT and 3.0T MRI, indicating a potential role in predicting prognosis of breast cancer.
2013, 37(2): 88-91.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.02.007
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the reference values of 18 parameters of venous blood cells among healthy adults in Tianjin area. Methods The values of 18 parameters of venous blood from 1180 healthy adults in Tianjin area were measured by Sysmex KX-21 hematology analyzer and the results were analyzed. Results The statistical analysis of the test reveals that significant differences exist in most parameters of venous blood cells according to the gender and age of people. Except the parameters of mean corpuscular volume, lymphocytes percentage, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, there were significant differences in the remaining parameters between the males group and the females group. Except the parameters of white blood count, platelet count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, neutrophil percentage, absolute neutrophil count, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, there were significant differences in the remaining parameters between the old male group and the adult male group. Except the parameters of white blood count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, there was no significant difference in the remaining parameters between the old female group and the adult female group. Conclusions There are some differences between the findings and the reference range provided by the National Guide to Clinical laboratory Procedure. Therefore, it is necessary for laboratory to establish the reference values of venous blood cells according to concrete conditions.
2013, 37(2): 92-95.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.02.008
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosis of brain metastases from unknown primary tumor. Method The 18F-FDG PET/CT findings of 17 patients with brain metastases from unknown primary tumor were retrospectively analyzed. Results Primary tumors of the seventeen cases were confirmed by biopsy, the accuracy rate was 100%. There were thirteen cases with primary lung cancer, accounted for 76%, including two cases of lung cancer which were found in the second PET/CT examination, two cases with liver cancer, accounted for 12%, one case with cardia cancer, accounted for 6%, one case with the ascending colon cancer, accounted for 6%. On the base of founding the primary tumor, 18F-FDG PET/CT also found 10 cases accompanied by lung metastasis(2 cases), lymph node metastases(3 cases), bone metastases(2 cases)and other sites of metastases(3 cases), a total of 61 lesions were detected. Two cases of liver cancer patients with single brain metastases had cerebral apoplexy. Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT contributes important value in finding brain metastases from unknown primary tumor, and is very helpful for clinical staging and treatment.
2013, 37(2): 96-99.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.02.009
Abstract:
Objective To explore the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosis of multiple primary malignant neoplasms. Methods Five thousand eight hundred and twenty-two patients with suspected tumors were retrospectively reviewed. All cases underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT and 32 patients were confirmed with multiple primary malignancies by biopsy or resection. Mean standardized uptake value(SUVmean) was calculated and SUVmean≥2.5 and abnormal morphological changes on CT were used as a standard to diagnose a malignant tumor. The sensitivity and accuracy of PET/CT in diagnosis of multiple primary maligant neoplasms were calculated. Results The incidence rate of multiple primary malignant neoplasms was 0.55%. Double primary malignant neoplasms were in 30 cases and triplicate primary malignant tumors were in 2 cases. There were 66 malignant tumor lesions. The average of SUVmean in 66 malignant tumor lesions was 6.68±3.61. The results of PET/CT were 58 true positive lesions and 8 false negative lesions. The sensitivity and accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosis of multiple primary malignant neoplasms were 87.9% and 87.9% respectively. Conclusion 18F-FDG PET/CT whole body scan has an important value in the diagnosis of multiple primary malignant neoplasms.
2013, 37(2): 100-103.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.02.010
Abstract:
In vivo epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)targeted therapy has great potential for cancer diagnosis and the evaluation of curative effects. Enhancement of EGFR-targeted therapy needs a reliable quantitative molecular imaging method which could enable monitoring of receptor drug binding and receptor occupancy in vivo, and identification of the mutation in EGFR. PET or SPECT is the most advanced molecular imaging technology of non-invasively selecting responders, predicting therapeutic outcome and monitoring EGFR-targeted treatment. This review analyzed the present situation and research progress of molecular imaging agents.
In vivo epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)targeted therapy has great potential for cancer diagnosis and the evaluation of curative effects. Enhancement of EGFR-targeted therapy needs a reliable quantitative molecular imaging method which could enable monitoring of receptor drug binding and receptor occupancy in vivo, and identification of the mutation in EGFR. PET or SPECT is the most advanced molecular imaging technology of non-invasively selecting responders, predicting therapeutic outcome and monitoring EGFR-targeted treatment. This review analyzed the present situation and research progress of molecular imaging agents.
2013, 37(2): 104-106, 115.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.02.011
Abstract:
Electron paramagnetic resonance technique has been found more than half a century, for free radicals detection application, it has been applied to various research studies, and promotes the development of the biomedicine. This article summarized the various free radicals measurement by the electron paramagnetic resonance in biology tissue, and the application of the spin labeling and electron paramagnetic resonance imaging technology in biomedicine.
Electron paramagnetic resonance technique has been found more than half a century, for free radicals detection application, it has been applied to various research studies, and promotes the development of the biomedicine. This article summarized the various free radicals measurement by the electron paramagnetic resonance in biology tissue, and the application of the spin labeling and electron paramagnetic resonance imaging technology in biomedicine.
2013, 37(2): 107-111.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.02.012
Abstract:
PET/CT has become a major mean for discriminating benign and malignant tumors, finding the primary tumor, staging, restaging, evaluating the response of treatment, predicting the survivors and guiding the operation, radiotherapy, chemotherapy in adults since it was applied in clinic, but it has been rarely applied in children. There exists some difference between internal and overseas in the application of PET/CT in pediatric malignant tumors based on the relative literatures analysis. It is related to the low level of medical radionuclides knowledge and lack of the knowledge about the application of PET/CT in pediatric malignant tumors, and all of these induce less carry out of the pediatric PET/CT imaging, lack of the experience, eventually form a vicious circle. This article mainly described the above two aspects, in order to promote the application of PET/CT in pediatric malignant tumors.
PET/CT has become a major mean for discriminating benign and malignant tumors, finding the primary tumor, staging, restaging, evaluating the response of treatment, predicting the survivors and guiding the operation, radiotherapy, chemotherapy in adults since it was applied in clinic, but it has been rarely applied in children. There exists some difference between internal and overseas in the application of PET/CT in pediatric malignant tumors based on the relative literatures analysis. It is related to the low level of medical radionuclides knowledge and lack of the knowledge about the application of PET/CT in pediatric malignant tumors, and all of these induce less carry out of the pediatric PET/CT imaging, lack of the experience, eventually form a vicious circle. This article mainly described the above two aspects, in order to promote the application of PET/CT in pediatric malignant tumors.
2013, 37(2): 112-115.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.02.013
Abstract:
Radiotherapy is an essential part of cancer treatment, which leads to DNA double strains break. Homogeneous recombination and heterogeneous end conjunction are the main ways which can repair DNA double strains break in the cells. It is a novel strategy, which as recognize as the mechanism of damage to DNA strains, that radiosensitivity is enhanced by histone deacetylase(HDAC)inhibitor. HDAC inhibitor is able to antagonize specifically or nonspecifically HDAC whom is forming as four various sorts, as a consequence enhancing level of histone deacetylase, decoilization of chromosome and alternation on molecular structure of nucleolus. Firstly DNA is simply influenced by radioactivity due to HDAC inhibitor, and then HDAC inhibitor effects on decline activity of E2F1 transcript factors, which cause directly expressional inhibition on the repair proteins including Ku80, Rad51, thus the molecules are unable to recruited and polymerized into correspond protein compound, as a result of HDAC inhibitor the function of homogeneous recombination and heterogeneous end conjunction becomes minimized. As the circumstances are shown involving augment or non-augment of apoptosis among cancer cells, HDAC inhibitor enhance the radiosensitivity eventually, which has been applicated into clinical trials and obtain primary achievement.
Radiotherapy is an essential part of cancer treatment, which leads to DNA double strains break. Homogeneous recombination and heterogeneous end conjunction are the main ways which can repair DNA double strains break in the cells. It is a novel strategy, which as recognize as the mechanism of damage to DNA strains, that radiosensitivity is enhanced by histone deacetylase(HDAC)inhibitor. HDAC inhibitor is able to antagonize specifically or nonspecifically HDAC whom is forming as four various sorts, as a consequence enhancing level of histone deacetylase, decoilization of chromosome and alternation on molecular structure of nucleolus. Firstly DNA is simply influenced by radioactivity due to HDAC inhibitor, and then HDAC inhibitor effects on decline activity of E2F1 transcript factors, which cause directly expressional inhibition on the repair proteins including Ku80, Rad51, thus the molecules are unable to recruited and polymerized into correspond protein compound, as a result of HDAC inhibitor the function of homogeneous recombination and heterogeneous end conjunction becomes minimized. As the circumstances are shown involving augment or non-augment of apoptosis among cancer cells, HDAC inhibitor enhance the radiosensitivity eventually, which has been applicated into clinical trials and obtain primary achievement.
2013, 37(2): 116-119.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.02.014
Abstract:
Although radioactive seed interstitial implantation had been used for a long time, the relationship between the physical, biological characteristics, the clinical dose and curative effect, complications had been deeply discussed for decade. Treat the tumor by seed interstitial implantation technology, implanting the radioactive seeds into malignant tumor tissues well-distributed and regularly according to the radiotherapy plans, then the tumor receive higher doses of radiation, while the normal tissue get less or no injure. This seed implanted technology is used for treatment tumors that hard to surgical resection, could not reached complete excision and surgery residual, and implant seeds in tumor edge avoid recurrence and metastasis. Radioactive seed implantation technology for cancer developed rapidly in 10 years, more than 600 hospitals carried out the technology in China recently, and the technology indication will expand to the solid tumors origin from organs such as liver, lung, esophagus, pancreas, rectum, prostate gland, thyroid, head, facial, nasopharynx and so on.
Although radioactive seed interstitial implantation had been used for a long time, the relationship between the physical, biological characteristics, the clinical dose and curative effect, complications had been deeply discussed for decade. Treat the tumor by seed interstitial implantation technology, implanting the radioactive seeds into malignant tumor tissues well-distributed and regularly according to the radiotherapy plans, then the tumor receive higher doses of radiation, while the normal tissue get less or no injure. This seed implanted technology is used for treatment tumors that hard to surgical resection, could not reached complete excision and surgery residual, and implant seeds in tumor edge avoid recurrence and metastasis. Radioactive seed implantation technology for cancer developed rapidly in 10 years, more than 600 hospitals carried out the technology in China recently, and the technology indication will expand to the solid tumors origin from organs such as liver, lung, esophagus, pancreas, rectum, prostate gland, thyroid, head, facial, nasopharynx and so on.
2013, 37(2): 120-123.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.02.015
Abstract:
131I labeled mouse-human chimeric tumor necrosis therapy monoclonal antibody(131I-chTNT) is a kind of new drug targeting at degenerated or necrotic nuclei in the tumor necrosis zone, and may be applicable to the majority of human solid tumors, such as lung cancer, liver cancer, colon carcinoma and glioma, while conventional tumor cell monoclonal antibody can target only tumor cell surface antigen. Enhanced effects can be achieved by 131I-chTNT in combination with other therapies, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy or radiofrequency ablation, which may increase tumor necrosis region and expose more combinative targets.
131I labeled mouse-human chimeric tumor necrosis therapy monoclonal antibody(131I-chTNT) is a kind of new drug targeting at degenerated or necrotic nuclei in the tumor necrosis zone, and may be applicable to the majority of human solid tumors, such as lung cancer, liver cancer, colon carcinoma and glioma, while conventional tumor cell monoclonal antibody can target only tumor cell surface antigen. Enhanced effects can be achieved by 131I-chTNT in combination with other therapies, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy or radiofrequency ablation, which may increase tumor necrosis region and expose more combinative targets.
2013, 37(2): 124-127.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.02.016
Abstract:
Recently, American Thyroid Association and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists published Clinical Huideline for Hypothyroidism. The authors took an evidence-based medicine approach, and created 52 recommendations on 15 issues. The guideline emphasized that serum thyrotropin is the single best screening test for primary thyroid dysfunction for the vast majority of outpatient clinical situations. The standard treatment for hypothyroidism is replacement with L-thyroxine. The decision to treat subclinical hypothyroidism when the serum thyrotropin is less than 10 mIU/L should be tailored to the individual patient.
Recently, American Thyroid Association and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists published Clinical Huideline for Hypothyroidism. The authors took an evidence-based medicine approach, and created 52 recommendations on 15 issues. The guideline emphasized that serum thyrotropin is the single best screening test for primary thyroid dysfunction for the vast majority of outpatient clinical situations. The standard treatment for hypothyroidism is replacement with L-thyroxine. The decision to treat subclinical hypothyroidism when the serum thyrotropin is less than 10 mIU/L should be tailored to the individual patient.
Submit
Author Login
Referees
Editor-in-Chief
Editor Center
Email alert
RSS
