2013 Vol. 37, No. 1
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2013, 37(1): 1-4.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.01.001
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Abstract:
Objective To discuss the effects of different dose of radiation on the mouse′s hemato-poietic system. Methods Mice of 615 strain, ICR strain and IRM-2 strain were given a one-time 4.0 Gy total body irradiation, and then the changes of peripheral white blood cells and bone marrow nuclear cells(BMNC)among those mice were observed at different time points. Mice of IRM-2 and C57BL/6 were given a one-time 6.0 Gy total body irradiation and the changes of peripheral hematological between the two strains were observed forty-five days after irradiation. Results Two days after irradiation, white blood cell and BMNC counts decreased to the lowest level in all the mice of 615 strain, ICR strain and IRM-2 strain. During the following days, white blood cell and BMNC counts raised again. Nine days after irradiation, BMNC count in IRM-2 mice was significantly higher than that in 615 and ICR mice(t=3.725, P < 0.01; t=8.487, P < 0.001). Twelve days after irradiation, white blood cell count in IRM-2 mice was significantly higher than that in the 615 and ICR mice (t=4.811 and 4.302, both P < 0.001). Twenty-one days after irradiation, compared to the control group, white blood cell count was recovered to 52.0%, 60.7% and 50.8% of the normal range in IRM-2, ICR and 615 mice separately and BMNC count was recovered to 90.8%, 82.1%, 75.4% of the normal range in IRM-2, ICR and 615 mice separately. Forty-five days after 6.0 Gy irradiation, white blood cell, BMNC, hemoglobin and hematocrit counts in IRM-2 mice were significantly higher than those indexes in C57BL/6 strain(t=5.629, 7.788, 4.9289, 6.064, all P < 0.001). Compared to the control group, white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit were recovered to 75.0%, 98.9%, 98.7%, and 97.5% of the normal range separately in IRM-2 mice. And white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit were recovered to 40.6%, 93.8%, 93.3%, and 93.8% of the normal range separately in C57BL/6 mice. Conclusion There are similar recovery trends of hematopoiesis in all strains of mice after irradiation, but IRM-2 mice recovery more quickly than the other strains of mice.
2013, 37(1): 5-8.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.01.002
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the radiation effect on the expression of macrophage colony stimulating factor(M-CSF)in primary osteoblasts and the molecular mechanism of bone injury induced by radiation. Methods Osteoblasts differentiated from bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs)were analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blot after 2 Gy or 4 Gy 137Cs γ-irradiation. Results M-CSF mRNA and protein expression level were up-regulated after 2 Gy and 4 Gy irradiation(t=-17.329, P < 0.01; t=-3.841, P < 0.05)in osteoblasts. 4 Gy irradiation increased M-CSF mRNA in osteoblast precursors(t=-4.478, P < 0.05), but do not affect the protein expression level. Conclusions These results indicated that up-regulated M-CSF in osteoblasts could enhance the function of osteoclasts′ differentiation and maturation which induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand after 2 Gy and 4 Gy irradiation. Further more, up-regulated M-CSF expression could enhance osteoclastic bone resorption of mature osteoclasts.
2013, 37(1): 9-12.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.01.003
Abstract:
Objective To explore the clinical value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in evaluation of curative effect on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL). Methods 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed before and after 6 cycles of chemotherapy(R-CHOP or CHOP protocol) in 34 patients. By measuring maximum SUV(SUVmax) and maximum diameter(Dmax), the clinical value of PET and CT were compared in evaluation of curative effect on DLBCL after chemotherapy. Twelve patients underwent PET/CT examination for three times: before treatment, after 2 cycles of chemotherapy and after 4 cycles of chemotherapy. SUVmax and Dmax were compared among three groups. All the 8 patients who have reached complete response and 10 patients who have reached partial response after 6 cycles of chemotherapy were followed-up, and then the one-year progression-free survival (PFS) was observed. Results ①There was significant difference between SUVmax and Dmax before and after 6 cycles of chemotherapy on DLBCL patients(t=3.58 and 2.96, both P < 0.05). ② There was significant difference among before, after 2 cycles of chemotherapy, after 4 cycles of chemotherapy in SUVmax and Dmax (F= 18.64 and F=4.33, both P < 0.05). There was significant difference of SUVmax between before and after 2 cycles of chemotherapy (t=5.37, P < 0.05), and no difference of Dmax(t=1.05, P > 0.05). There was significant difference of both SUVmax and Dmax between before and 4 cycles of chemotherapy(t=8.56 and 3.90, both P < 0.05). ③Among 8 patients who have reached complete response, 6 cases were PFS > 1, 2 cases were PFS < 1. Among 10 patients who have reached partial response, 2 cases were PFS > 1, 8 cases were PFS < 1. Conclusions In evaluation curative effect on malignant DLBCL during and after treatment, PET was significantly better than CT. PET/CT as combination of PET with CT had a higher clinical value to evaluate the therapeutic effect of DLBCL.
2013, 37(1): 13-15, 37.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.01.004
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the radiosensitizing effects of 9401 on mice bearing H22 hepatoma. Methods Mouse model bearing H22 hepatoma cells were established. Mice were randomly divided into six groups, the control group, the radiation group and four treatment groups including 9401 at high, medium and low dosages and nicotinamide combined with radiation. After irradiated, the growth of tumor was observed, the time of tumor growth was recorded, the delay time of tumor growth and enhancement factor(EF)were calculated. After 28 days, the mice were killed, the tumors were stripped and inhibition rate was calculated. Results Groups of 9401 combined with radiation could pestpone tumor growth. The difference was statistically significant between 9401 groups at high, medium dosages combined with radiation and nicotinamide combined with radiation group (t=24.7 and 7.5, both P < 0.01). Compared with radiation alone group, groups of 9401 combined with radiation had significant radiosensitizing effect. The enhancement factor of 9401 combined with radiation groups at high and medium dosages were 2.13 and 1.73 respectively, they were significant higher than nicotinamide combined with radiation group(t=2.26 and 9.04, both P < 0.05). The inhibition rate of 9401 groups at high, medium and low dosages combined with radiation were 64.5%, 50.9% and 42.6% respectively. The inhibition rate of nicotinamide group combined radiation was 53.2%. The inhibition rate of 9401 at high dosage combined with radiation had significant difference with nicotinamide combined radiation(t=2.8, P < 0.05). Nicotinamide combined with radiation group, 9401 combined with radiation groups could significant inhibit the growth of tumors compared with radiation alone group(t=5.7, 4.0 and 2.2, all P < 0.05). Conclusion 9401 can inhibit the tumor growth and the inhibition effect increases gradually with the drug dose increasing. It also has radiosensitizing effects on mice bearing H22 hepatoma and present broadly clinical practice prospect.
2013, 37(1): 16-19.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.01.005
Abstract:
Objective To synthesize gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and polyethylene glycol-coated GNPs(PEG-GNPs)modified by sulfhydryl-polyethylene glycol(SH-PEG), chloroauric acid and different reductant agent, such as trisodium citrate and sodium borohydride were used. Methods Chloroauric acid solution was brought to a boil, and then different volume of trisodium citrate solution or sodium borohydride solution was added to the boiling solution. Then the mixture was boiled for a further 30 minutes. Subsequently some SH-PEG was mixed with the GNPs and stirred for 1 hour to fabricate the PEG-GNPs. The optical characteristic and size of GNPs and PEG-GNPs were observed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and transmission electron microscopic respectively. Results 10, 25, and 45 nm GNPs were fabricated using 1% trisodium citrate, while the 5 nm GNPs were synthesized using 0.11% sodium borohydride. Meanwhile, SH-PEG was added to the GNPs and obtained the PEG-GNPs. Furthermore, when compared with the GNPs with different size, it can be found that the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of GNPs have shift to long wavelength region with increasing particles size. The same phenomenon also can be found in the PEG-GNPs with different size. Conclusions The size of GNPs can be modulated by controlling the ratio between chloroauric acid and trisodium citrate or sodium borohydride. Meanwhile, the larger the size of GNPs is, the more significant of the shifting to the long wavelength of SPR is.
2013, 37(1): 27-29.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.01.008
Abstract:
Objective To discuss the correlation between the stimulated thyroglobulin (Tg) level after surgery in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and cervical lymph node metastasis. Methods Total thyroidectomy or subtotal thyroidectomy and radical cervical lymphadenectomy have been performed in 45 cases with PTC. All patients have been divided into two groups (L1 group and L0 group) according to whether lymph node metastasis exists. The stimulated Tg level after surgery were mesured and analyzed by t test with statistical software. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in age (t=-0.675, P > 0.05) and gender(χ2=1.20, P > 0.05), but significant difference could be found in stimulated Tg level after surgery between the two groups(t=4.167, P < 0.01). There was positive correlation between the stimulatied Tg level after surgery and cervical lymph node metastasis in L1 group(r=0.676, P < 0.01). Conclusion The stimulated Tg level after surgery is closely correlated to cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with PTC, which can be used as an assessment of the effect of the postsurgical 131I therapy and prognosis.
2013, 37(1): 30-33, 41.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.01.009
Abstract:
Heroin abuse can cause prominent hazardous effects, including the collapse of social, economic status and health. The research of heroin addiction mechanism has got some progress, but the neurotransmitter and receptor mechanism are still not clear. This review discussed potential neurobiology mechanisms of heroin addiction, including opioid receptor, dopamine receptors and dopamine transporters in different brain areas when exposed to heroin and the application of PET and SPECT imaging of neuroreceptor and its transporters in heroin addiction research.
Heroin abuse can cause prominent hazardous effects, including the collapse of social, economic status and health. The research of heroin addiction mechanism has got some progress, but the neurotransmitter and receptor mechanism are still not clear. This review discussed potential neurobiology mechanisms of heroin addiction, including opioid receptor, dopamine receptors and dopamine transporters in different brain areas when exposed to heroin and the application of PET and SPECT imaging of neuroreceptor and its transporters in heroin addiction research.
2013, 37(1): 34-37.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.01.010
Abstract:
DNA double-strand break repair pathway is one of DNA damage repair pathways. DNA repair genes can repair DNA damage, maintain the integrity of the genetic information and inhibit the formation of tumors. There are two mechanisms—non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination to repair DNA double-strand break. In this review, an overview of important repair proteins of non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination pathways was introduced.
DNA double-strand break repair pathway is one of DNA damage repair pathways. DNA repair genes can repair DNA damage, maintain the integrity of the genetic information and inhibit the formation of tumors. There are two mechanisms—non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination to repair DNA double-strand break. In this review, an overview of important repair proteins of non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination pathways was introduced.
2013, 37(1): 42-46.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.01.012
Abstract:
With the development of three dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity modulated radiotherapy, radiotherapy becomes an important treatment for esophageal cancer. Accurate staging and target volume delineation are prerequisites for a successful treatment of esophageal cancer with radiotherapy. Conventional cross-sectional images are helpful for guiding radiotherapy plans, assessing treatment response and detecting recurrence. But there are still many limitations for anatomic information alone. PET/CT is an imaging fusion modality which may overcome some limitations of conventional cross-sectional modalities. It plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer. This review evaluates the applications of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the initial staging before radiotherapy, its target volume definition, treatment response and the prognosis of esophageal cancer.
With the development of three dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity modulated radiotherapy, radiotherapy becomes an important treatment for esophageal cancer. Accurate staging and target volume delineation are prerequisites for a successful treatment of esophageal cancer with radiotherapy. Conventional cross-sectional images are helpful for guiding radiotherapy plans, assessing treatment response and detecting recurrence. But there are still many limitations for anatomic information alone. PET/CT is an imaging fusion modality which may overcome some limitations of conventional cross-sectional modalities. It plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal cancer. This review evaluates the applications of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the initial staging before radiotherapy, its target volume definition, treatment response and the prognosis of esophageal cancer.
2013, 37(1): 47-51.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.01.013
Abstract:
Glucose plays an important role in cardiac metabolism. It is the major energy source during myocardial ischemia. Trans-membrane glucose transport is the first rate-limited step for myocardial glucose metabolism, which is facilitated by glucose transports(GLUTs) and GLUT4 represents an important mechanism that governs the entry of glucose into the heart. The quality and quantity of GLUT4 play a decisive role in transmembrane glucose transport. To better retrieve myocardial metabolism and improve myocardial function under myocardial ischemia conditions, it is urgent to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of GLUT4 expression, the regulatory mechanism of GLUT4 translocation, the regulatory mechanism of GLUT4 intrinsic activity and glucose transport in cardiomyocytes. This review summarized the current state of knowledge regarding the regulation of GLUT4 functioning and glucose transport in cardiomyocytes.
Glucose plays an important role in cardiac metabolism. It is the major energy source during myocardial ischemia. Trans-membrane glucose transport is the first rate-limited step for myocardial glucose metabolism, which is facilitated by glucose transports(GLUTs) and GLUT4 represents an important mechanism that governs the entry of glucose into the heart. The quality and quantity of GLUT4 play a decisive role in transmembrane glucose transport. To better retrieve myocardial metabolism and improve myocardial function under myocardial ischemia conditions, it is urgent to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of GLUT4 expression, the regulatory mechanism of GLUT4 translocation, the regulatory mechanism of GLUT4 intrinsic activity and glucose transport in cardiomyocytes. This review summarized the current state of knowledge regarding the regulation of GLUT4 functioning and glucose transport in cardiomyocytes.
2013, 37(1): 52-59.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2013.01.014
Abstract:
Alzheimer disease (AD) is one of the neurodegenerative disorders that deteriorate the life quality of the elderly in China and developed countries. Prevention and treatment of AD are the focal point in the study of brain science. In recent years, the rapid development of medical imaging technology enables us to get functional orientation and structure descrrption of brain noninvasively and provides a substantial basis for studies of cognition, cognitive impairment, and pathogenesis. It also makes such multi-tiered research and trans-subject combination possible. The progress in AD of imaging technology is briefly reviewed in this article.
Alzheimer disease (AD) is one of the neurodegenerative disorders that deteriorate the life quality of the elderly in China and developed countries. Prevention and treatment of AD are the focal point in the study of brain science. In recent years, the rapid development of medical imaging technology enables us to get functional orientation and structure descrrption of brain noninvasively and provides a substantial basis for studies of cognition, cognitive impairment, and pathogenesis. It also makes such multi-tiered research and trans-subject combination possible. The progress in AD of imaging technology is briefly reviewed in this article.
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