2012 Vol. 36, No. 3
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2012, 36(3): 129-133.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.03.001
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Abstract:
Gene therapy is a method that transfers foreign gene to target cells, so as to correct or compensate the disease which is caused by the gene defects and abnormalities. As a new technology, gene therapy has been used in many fields, such as cancer, cardiovascular and nervous system disease, and it brings some hope for patients with difficult and complicated disease. Avascular necrosis of femoral head is a refractory and common disease in clinical, but the traditional surgery therapy and conservative treatment both have many shortcomings, and the effect is unsatisfactory. As a new technology, gene therapy showed bright future in orthopedics ischemic disease, and its potential feasibility has been confirmed by many animal experiments, This article focuses on the research progress of gene therapy and early monitoring in the avascular necrosis of the femoral head.
Gene therapy is a method that transfers foreign gene to target cells, so as to correct or compensate the disease which is caused by the gene defects and abnormalities. As a new technology, gene therapy has been used in many fields, such as cancer, cardiovascular and nervous system disease, and it brings some hope for patients with difficult and complicated disease. Avascular necrosis of femoral head is a refractory and common disease in clinical, but the traditional surgery therapy and conservative treatment both have many shortcomings, and the effect is unsatisfactory. As a new technology, gene therapy showed bright future in orthopedics ischemic disease, and its potential feasibility has been confirmed by many animal experiments, This article focuses on the research progress of gene therapy and early monitoring in the avascular necrosis of the femoral head.
2012, 36(3): 134-137.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.03.002
Abstract:
Objective To produce monoclonal antibodies against tumor M2-type pyruvate kinase(M2-PK), and to establish immunoradiometric analysis for detection. Methods The BALB/c mice were immunized with M2-PK antigen. Monoclonal antibodies were generated after cell fusion and screening. Established detection method of immunoradiometric analysis and then evaluated its sensitivity, specificity and coefficient of variation. Results Two monoclonal antibodies(1A6 and 3F8)with high-titer and high-specificity were generated and detection method of immunoradiometric analysis was established. The analytical sensitivity of immunoradiometric analysis was 2 U/ml, while its clinical sensitivity and specificity was 70.5% and 89.0% respectively. The reference value of M2-PK level was less than 14.8 U/ml according to immunoradiometric analysis. Intra-assay coefficient of variation was less than 5%, while inter-assay coefficient of variation was less than 10%. Conclusion This sensitive immunoradiometric analysis can be used in early diagnosis of tumor and physical examination.
2012, 36(3): 138-141.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.03.003
Abstract:
The development of single photon emission computed tomography imaging has stepped into a molecular level since the last century. Receptor imaging has been one of hotspots in the current nuclear medicine imaging research, especially the somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. Octreotide, a frequently used somatostatin receptor in the clinic, has been labeled with lots of radioisotopes such as 111In, 123I, 99Tcm, 90Y. Earlier studies have demonstrated that the direct and indirect labelling methods of 99Tcm-octreotide have been relatively mature and have a high labeling efficiency. And SPECT imaging with 99Tcm-octreotide has a high accuracy in finding somatostatin receptor-positive lesions especially gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. 99Tcm-octreotide, a promising somatostatin receptor imaging agent, will be widely used for clinical imaging.
The development of single photon emission computed tomography imaging has stepped into a molecular level since the last century. Receptor imaging has been one of hotspots in the current nuclear medicine imaging research, especially the somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. Octreotide, a frequently used somatostatin receptor in the clinic, has been labeled with lots of radioisotopes such as 111In, 123I, 99Tcm, 90Y. Earlier studies have demonstrated that the direct and indirect labelling methods of 99Tcm-octreotide have been relatively mature and have a high labeling efficiency. And SPECT imaging with 99Tcm-octreotide has a high accuracy in finding somatostatin receptor-positive lesions especially gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. 99Tcm-octreotide, a promising somatostatin receptor imaging agent, will be widely used for clinical imaging.
2012, 36(3): 142-144.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.03.004
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the clinical effect of 125I seeds interstitial permanent implant for superficial metastatic tumor. Methods Under the guidance of the B-ultrasonography, 125I seeds were implanted into 28 units of the superficial metastatic tumor in 24 patients who had been given tumor resection, and the pain relief and tumor size were observed by means of B-ultrasonography and CT regularly after 1 month. Results All the patients were followed-up for 1-14 months, and the median length of follow-up was 8 months. The symptoms recovered well with no adverse reaction after operation. One month after the implantation, the pain symptom was alleviated entirely in 23 lesions and partly in 5 lesions. The tumor size shrank in 25 lesions and there was no change in 3 lesions. Conclusion Radioactive 125I seeds interstitial permanent implantation is a simple, safe, effective method which can improve living quality of patients and ease the pain and local compression.
2012, 36(3): 145-147.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.03.005
Abstract:
Lung cancer harms people's health or even lives severely. Currently, the morbidity and mortality of lung cancer are ascending all over the world. Accounting for 38.08%of malignant tumor caused death in male and 16% in female in cities, ranking top in both sex. Especially, the therapy of non-small cell lung cancer has not been obviously improved for many years. Recently, sodium/iodide transporter gene transfection and the therapy of molecular target drugs mediated radionuclide are being taken into account and become the new research directions in treatment of advanced lung cancer patients with the development of technology and theory for medical molecular biology and the new knowledge of lung cancer's pathogenesis.
Lung cancer harms people's health or even lives severely. Currently, the morbidity and mortality of lung cancer are ascending all over the world. Accounting for 38.08%of malignant tumor caused death in male and 16% in female in cities, ranking top in both sex. Especially, the therapy of non-small cell lung cancer has not been obviously improved for many years. Recently, sodium/iodide transporter gene transfection and the therapy of molecular target drugs mediated radionuclide are being taken into account and become the new research directions in treatment of advanced lung cancer patients with the development of technology and theory for medical molecular biology and the new knowledge of lung cancer's pathogenesis.
2012, 36(3): 148-150.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.03.006
Abstract:
Gynecology tumors seriously threatened the health of female. With the develepment of imageology, PET, a functionality examination method, has been widely used in the early diagnosis and monitoring of curative effect in gynecology tumors. PET-CT has the good future in its development because it combined with the advantage of functional and structural imaging. The characters and application of PET-CT in gynecology tumors were reviewed in this paper.
Gynecology tumors seriously threatened the health of female. With the develepment of imageology, PET, a functionality examination method, has been widely used in the early diagnosis and monitoring of curative effect in gynecology tumors. PET-CT has the good future in its development because it combined with the advantage of functional and structural imaging. The characters and application of PET-CT in gynecology tumors were reviewed in this paper.
2012, 36(3): 151-153.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.03.007
Abstract:
Objective To compare the difference between 18F-FDG PET and CT for evaluating the activity of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods 18F-FDG PET-CT was performed in 31 pulmonary tuberculosis patients, the activity of the tuberculosis lesions was evaluated by PET and CT images, the results of the two imaging methods were compared separately. Results The results obtained with the two imaging methods were consistent in 26 cases and inconsistent in 5 cases. 6 cases which CT diagnosed as inactive tuberculosis (healed lesions) were also judged as inactive lesions by PET imaging. In 16 cases, CT displayed that most of the lesions were calcified and associated with little streaks and diagnosed as inactive tuberculosis (obsolete lesions), among them PET judged 5 cases as active lesions, of which 3 cases with partly calcified lesion associated with mild radioactive uptake, 2 cases with streaks associated with mild radioactive uptake. 9 cases which CT diagnosed as active pulmonary tuberculosis, PET judged as active lesions too. Conclusions 18F-FDG PET and CT have the same judgment in diagnosing healed and active tuberculosis lesions, while 18F-FDG PET is superior to CT in evaluating the active lesions residue in obsolete lesions.
2012, 36(3): 154-156.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.03.008
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) on interleukin-10(IL-10), interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) levels in mice exposed whole body to 6 Gy γ-ray radiation once. Methods The mice were divided into sham-irradiation group and irradiation group. Mice in sham-irradiation group accepted no irradiation, while mice in irradiation group accepted 6 Gy whole body irradiation at dose rate of 0.8 Gy/min. Mice in LPS treated group accepted intraperitoneal injection of LPS (20 mg/kg)at 10 weeks after irradiation, while mice in control group were accepted intraperitoneal injection of saline. The peripheral blood was collected by eyeballs enucleation after 1 h and 24 h respectively, then IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Results Compared to control group, the levels of IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-α in blood serum increased at 1 h and 24 h after LPS injection both in sham-irradiation group(t=7.31, P < 0.01; t=2.71, P < 0.05; t=15.09, P < 0.01) and irradiation group(t=4.14, 7.18 and 5.14, all P < 0.01). Compared to sham-irradiation group, the level of IL-10 increased 19.9% at 24 h after LPS injection in irradiation group(t=2.84, P < 0.05), while the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 had no significant differences between sham-irradiation group and irradiation group. Conclusions The immune system of mice had not entirely recovered at 10 weeks after 6 Gy γ-ray irradiation. After LPS injection, there was difference of anti-infection ability between sham-irradiation group and irradiation group. The effects of LPS on cytokines IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in radiation-exposed mice need to be further explored.
2012, 36(3): 157-159.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.03.009
Abstract:
Objective To screen and isolate radioresistance-related genes from IRM-2 mouse. Methods Full-length cDNA products were amplified by PCR from IRM-2 mouse cDNA library according to twenty-one pieces of expressed sequence tags. The property of proteins encoded by full-length cDNA were analyzed by comparing with GenBank database. Results Five pieces of full-length cDNA which were not the same source as the known mice genes were found out from IRM-2 mouse cDNA library. Amino acid sequence and property of proteins encoded by these five pieces of full-length cDNA were obtained. Conclusion Proteins encoded by full-length cDNA imply that unkown radioresistance-related genes may exist in IRM-2 mouse.
2012, 36(3): 160-163.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.03.010
Abstract:
This article reviewed heat induced radio-sensitization in radiotherapy combined with hyperthermia of tumors. Mechanism was discussed in aspects of thermal physics, tumor microenvironment, and molecularproteins. Progress of the principle and clinical application of thermal sensitization on radiotherapy were overviewed.
This article reviewed heat induced radio-sensitization in radiotherapy combined with hyperthermia of tumors. Mechanism was discussed in aspects of thermal physics, tumor microenvironment, and molecularproteins. Progress of the principle and clinical application of thermal sensitization on radiotherapy were overviewed.
2012, 36(3): 164-167.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.03.011
Abstract:
Nuclear energy brings human tremendous interest and potential nuclear threat as well. As one of the simplest radioanalytical procedures, gross α and gross β radioactivity measurement has been widely applied in the field of environmental monitoring and industrial applications. This paper introduced the common methods that used for measuring gross α and gross β radioactivity in water and compared their advantages and disadvantages briefly.
Nuclear energy brings human tremendous interest and potential nuclear threat as well. As one of the simplest radioanalytical procedures, gross α and gross β radioactivity measurement has been widely applied in the field of environmental monitoring and industrial applications. This paper introduced the common methods that used for measuring gross α and gross β radioactivity in water and compared their advantages and disadvantages briefly.
2012, 36(3): 168-171.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.03.012
Abstract:
Lymphocyte chromosome aberrations rate is closely related with ionizing radiation, and it has been widely used in biological dose evaluating. Multicolour-banding fluorescence in situ hybridisation(mBAND) is a newly-emerging technology in chromosome aberrations checking. It has been used in chromosome aberrations checking of different linear energy transfer(LET) rays. This article briefly reviewed mBAND using in different chromosome aberrations checking and different radiation biological evaluation by both low LET(such as X and γ rays) and high LET(such as space lines and energetic heavy ions).
Lymphocyte chromosome aberrations rate is closely related with ionizing radiation, and it has been widely used in biological dose evaluating. Multicolour-banding fluorescence in situ hybridisation(mBAND) is a newly-emerging technology in chromosome aberrations checking. It has been used in chromosome aberrations checking of different linear energy transfer(LET) rays. This article briefly reviewed mBAND using in different chromosome aberrations checking and different radiation biological evaluation by both low LET(such as X and γ rays) and high LET(such as space lines and energetic heavy ions).
2012, 36(3): 172-175.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.03.013
Abstract:
Lung cancer is the most common primary malignant tumor. Because most sufferers have already been in later stage in their first diagnosis, the lump body infringing upon the important organs often influences the excision of tumor. 125I seeds permanent implantation is a new method for tumor brachytherapy, which contributes to kill the tumor completely, ensures the normal physiological functions of organs, reduces tissue injuries and treatment of complications, and raises the survival rate of sufferers. The rapid promotion of this technique is also followed by radiation risks in the treatment. Currently, the researches of 125I seeds implantation is limited to the aspects of treatment means and effects, with no detailed study in intraoperative usage, disinfection and protection. Although a satisfactory curative effect is the key in the treatment, the studies in protection principles, means and technological upgradation are also too important to be ignored.
Lung cancer is the most common primary malignant tumor. Because most sufferers have already been in later stage in their first diagnosis, the lump body infringing upon the important organs often influences the excision of tumor. 125I seeds permanent implantation is a new method for tumor brachytherapy, which contributes to kill the tumor completely, ensures the normal physiological functions of organs, reduces tissue injuries and treatment of complications, and raises the survival rate of sufferers. The rapid promotion of this technique is also followed by radiation risks in the treatment. Currently, the researches of 125I seeds implantation is limited to the aspects of treatment means and effects, with no detailed study in intraoperative usage, disinfection and protection. Although a satisfactory curative effect is the key in the treatment, the studies in protection principles, means and technological upgradation are also too important to be ignored.
2012, 36(3): 176-177.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.03.014
Abstract:
Objective To explore if the overall care can effectly control nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients' oral mucosa damage during radiotherapy. Method Forty-seven nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were randomly divided into test group(24 cases) and control group(23 cases). Patients in test group received mental nursing, oral care and health guidance plus the routine nursing, and patients in control group just given routine nursing. Result The damaged degree of oralmucosal was lighter in test group than that in control group, and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=5.181 and 4.449, both P < 0.05). Conclusion The damage of oral mucosa can controlled effectively by holistic nursing during radiotherapy.
2012, 36(3): 178-181.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.03.015
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the application value of three-dimensional reconstruction technique of mutislice spiral CT(MSCT)in children urinary tract injuries. Methods Forty-three patients with urinary tract injury performed MSCT scan, and three-dimensional reconstruction technique was used for volume rendering, maximum intensity projection and multi-planar reformation, urinary tract imaging was acquired completely. The images were reviewed by two experienced radiologists. Results Of the 43 cases, there were 5 simple contusion of kidney, 5 contusion and laceration of kidney accompanied with subcapsular haematoma, 4 contusion and laceration of kidney accompanied with perinephric haematoma, 2 contusion and laceration of kidney accompanied with adrenal haematoma, 13 shattered kidney accompanied with extravasation of urine, 3 shattered kidney accompanied with renal pedicle injury, 6 shattered kidney accompanied with ureter injury, 2 pelvic fracture accompanied with posterior urethra split, 3 contusion of urinary bladder wall accompanied with blood clot in the urinary bladder. Conclusion MSCT has the characteristic of high scanning speed, wide overlay scope, high image quality and thin slice scan. It is an effective modality in the evaluation of children urinary tract injuries.
2012, 36(3): 182-185.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.03.016
Abstract:
Radiation therapy has been developed more than 100 years. Recently, with the rapid development of scientific technology, equipment for radiation therapy has been significantly improved from the application of original X-ray equipment for radiotherapy, 60Co teletherapy unit to a current application of a system including main therapy equipment such as linear accelerator, brachytherapy machine and including auxiliary apparatus such as simulator, treatment planning system, image-guided apparatus and various body position fixing devices and so on. A staff including doctor, therapist, physicist, engineer and nurse was constructed with work dividing deepen. In recent years, researchers have tried their best to manage various departments collaboratively and efficiently, to ensure quality control and quality assurance, to avoid radiation accident, and to improve therapeutic effect in radiation therapy. In this paper, establishment of an integrated management system or workflow by introducing MOSAIQ® system and combining with actual situation in hospital was described, and experience for optimization of workflow in radiation therapy management with MOSAIQ® system was summarized. It was shown that MOSAIQ® system could be a potentially tool to optimize workflow in radiation therapy management, strengthen personnel or information management, enhance quality control and save patients' treatment time.
Radiation therapy has been developed more than 100 years. Recently, with the rapid development of scientific technology, equipment for radiation therapy has been significantly improved from the application of original X-ray equipment for radiotherapy, 60Co teletherapy unit to a current application of a system including main therapy equipment such as linear accelerator, brachytherapy machine and including auxiliary apparatus such as simulator, treatment planning system, image-guided apparatus and various body position fixing devices and so on. A staff including doctor, therapist, physicist, engineer and nurse was constructed with work dividing deepen. In recent years, researchers have tried their best to manage various departments collaboratively and efficiently, to ensure quality control and quality assurance, to avoid radiation accident, and to improve therapeutic effect in radiation therapy. In this paper, establishment of an integrated management system or workflow by introducing MOSAIQ® system and combining with actual situation in hospital was described, and experience for optimization of workflow in radiation therapy management with MOSAIQ® system was summarized. It was shown that MOSAIQ® system could be a potentially tool to optimize workflow in radiation therapy management, strengthen personnel or information management, enhance quality control and save patients' treatment time.
2012, 36(3): 186-188.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.03.017
Abstract:
CT is a convenient, safe, quick and non-invasive examination which can clearly show the anatomical relationship among different transverse sections and specific tissue structures in brain. Since the mid 70s of last century, the application of CT in brain disease has given people a deeper insight into central nervous system diseases. This article introduces the application and advantages of CT in brain diseases from aspects such as ischemic cerebral infarction, intracranial hemorrhage, brain neoplasms and head injuries.
CT is a convenient, safe, quick and non-invasive examination which can clearly show the anatomical relationship among different transverse sections and specific tissue structures in brain. Since the mid 70s of last century, the application of CT in brain disease has given people a deeper insight into central nervous system diseases. This article introduces the application and advantages of CT in brain diseases from aspects such as ischemic cerebral infarction, intracranial hemorrhage, brain neoplasms and head injuries.
2012, 36(3): 189-190.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.03.018
Abstract:
The International Expert Symposium in Fukushima: Radiation and Health Risks met in Fukushima, Japan, on September 11 and 12, 2011. The purpose of the symposium was for a group of international and Japanese experts in radiation and health-related fields to review the potential health effects of radiation from the Fukushima nuclear accident. The symposium participants took note of the wide global experience available for assessing the consequences of major releases of radioactive substances into the environment and reached some conclusions and recommendations about radiation and health risks after Fukushima nuclear accident.
The International Expert Symposium in Fukushima: Radiation and Health Risks met in Fukushima, Japan, on September 11 and 12, 2011. The purpose of the symposium was for a group of international and Japanese experts in radiation and health-related fields to review the potential health effects of radiation from the Fukushima nuclear accident. The symposium participants took note of the wide global experience available for assessing the consequences of major releases of radioactive substances into the environment and reached some conclusions and recommendations about radiation and health risks after Fukushima nuclear accident.
2012, 36(3): 191-191.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.03.019
Abstract:
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan combined with massive earthquake and immense tsunami. Some crucial lessons were reviewed in this paper, including emergency response for naturaltechnological disasters, international effects, public psychological health effects and communication between the government and public.
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan combined with massive earthquake and immense tsunami. Some crucial lessons were reviewed in this paper, including emergency response for naturaltechnological disasters, international effects, public psychological health effects and communication between the government and public.
2012, 36(3): 192-193.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2012.03.020
Abstract:
So many radioisotopes were released into the Pacific Ocean after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan. Although the isotopes will be vastly diluted and the contamination is unlikely to cause immediate harm to marine organisms, but long-lived isotopes are expected to accumulate in the food chain and may cause problems such as increased mortality in fish and marine-mammal populations. Viewpoints and recommendations for radioactivity pollution survey to the marine ecosystem by experts were reviewed in this paper.
So many radioisotopes were released into the Pacific Ocean after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan. Although the isotopes will be vastly diluted and the contamination is unlikely to cause immediate harm to marine organisms, but long-lived isotopes are expected to accumulate in the food chain and may cause problems such as increased mortality in fish and marine-mammal populations. Viewpoints and recommendations for radioactivity pollution survey to the marine ecosystem by experts were reviewed in this paper.
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