2011 Vol. 35, No. 6
Display Method:
2011, 35(6): 321-324.
doi: 10.3760,cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.06.001
[PDF 410KB]
Abstract:
The development and metasis of malignant tumor depend on neovascularization.CDl3 is a significant marker of cells commit to myeloid lineage to classify leukemia,meanwhile it expresses on the neovascular endothelial cells specifically but expresses barely in vascular endothelial cells.Coupling CDl3 monoclonal antibody or CDl3 ligand to CDl3 in fluorescence,radionuclide or magnetic nanoparticles to achieve molecular imaging to probe angiogenesis and provide imaging evidence of the development of angio-genesis associated disease.Asn-Gly-Arg peptide motif compound with different anticancer drugs targeted deliver to neovascular endothelial cells and release the anticancer drugs to treat the tumor.The research of CDl3 to understand,diagnose and treat the angiogenesis associated diseases has gotten breakthrough and have a promising future.
The development and metasis of malignant tumor depend on neovascularization.CDl3 is a significant marker of cells commit to myeloid lineage to classify leukemia,meanwhile it expresses on the neovascular endothelial cells specifically but expresses barely in vascular endothelial cells.Coupling CDl3 monoclonal antibody or CDl3 ligand to CDl3 in fluorescence,radionuclide or magnetic nanoparticles to achieve molecular imaging to probe angiogenesis and provide imaging evidence of the development of angio-genesis associated disease.Asn-Gly-Arg peptide motif compound with different anticancer drugs targeted deliver to neovascular endothelial cells and release the anticancer drugs to treat the tumor.The research of CDl3 to understand,diagnose and treat the angiogenesis associated diseases has gotten breakthrough and have a promising future.
2011, 35(6): 325-329.
doi: 10.3760,cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.06.002
Abstract:
Research of multimodal imaging probes has become the most popular tendency with the development of fused instruments.But the optimum ratio about sensitivity of various functional probes have become a tough problem to really implement multimodal imaging.As nanomaterials have advantages of tiny volume and plastic physico-chemical characteristics,when it is use to connect,modify,match various probes, it has greater flexibility.Now,it have become the new favor on the research of muhimodal imaging probes and made a greater progress.This review mainly described property,application,progress of nanomaterials in muhimodal imaging probes.
Research of multimodal imaging probes has become the most popular tendency with the development of fused instruments.But the optimum ratio about sensitivity of various functional probes have become a tough problem to really implement multimodal imaging.As nanomaterials have advantages of tiny volume and plastic physico-chemical characteristics,when it is use to connect,modify,match various probes, it has greater flexibility.Now,it have become the new favor on the research of muhimodal imaging probes and made a greater progress.This review mainly described property,application,progress of nanomaterials in muhimodal imaging probes.
2011, 35(6): 330-334.
doi: 10.3760,cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.06.003
Abstract:
Nuclear medicine imaging plays an important role in diagnosis,grading and prognosis of patients with gliomas.With the development of nuclear medicine,a variety of radiotracers have been pro-posed used as targets for glioma imaging.At present。the most widely used SPECT radiotracers are 201T1.99Tcm-MIBI.123I-iodo-methyl tyrosine and 131I-Buthus martensi Karsch chlorotoxin-like toxin.The most important PET radiotracers include radiolabled glucose,amino acids,choline,nucleotides and hypoxia markers.They can provide the information of substance metabolism,cell proliferation and hypoxia metabolism in gliomas to promote the accurate clinical diagnosis.This review mainly introduces the advances in application of above-mentioned radiotracers in glioma imaging.
Nuclear medicine imaging plays an important role in diagnosis,grading and prognosis of patients with gliomas.With the development of nuclear medicine,a variety of radiotracers have been pro-posed used as targets for glioma imaging.At present。the most widely used SPECT radiotracers are 201T1.99Tcm-MIBI.123I-iodo-methyl tyrosine and 131I-Buthus martensi Karsch chlorotoxin-like toxin.The most important PET radiotracers include radiolabled glucose,amino acids,choline,nucleotides and hypoxia markers.They can provide the information of substance metabolism,cell proliferation and hypoxia metabolism in gliomas to promote the accurate clinical diagnosis.This review mainly introduces the advances in application of above-mentioned radiotracers in glioma imaging.
2011, 35(6): 334-338.
doi: 10.3760,cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.06.004
Abstract:
Early and accurate evaluate the patients' lymph nodes and the unexplained lymphade. nopathy are crucial to select the proper treatment plan and dpredicting prognosis.Although size measure-ments are still the most widely used method for discriminating malignant from non-malignant lymph nodes,it possesses a low accuracy.In order to increase the accuracy of evaluate the malignant and benign lymph nodes,it is necessary to find a new imaging method which is not just evaluate the anatomical structures of the lymph node,hut also allow visualization and quantification of physiological and biochemical processes at the cellular level.Every imaging technique has its own characteristic to evaluate local lymph nodes,with the persistent development of molecularimaging,functional imaging technique has played a more and more important role in the diagnosis of lymph nodes.This article mainly reviewed and discussed imaging techniques in the evaluation of lymph nodes.
Early and accurate evaluate the patients' lymph nodes and the unexplained lymphade. nopathy are crucial to select the proper treatment plan and dpredicting prognosis.Although size measure-ments are still the most widely used method for discriminating malignant from non-malignant lymph nodes,it possesses a low accuracy.In order to increase the accuracy of evaluate the malignant and benign lymph nodes,it is necessary to find a new imaging method which is not just evaluate the anatomical structures of the lymph node,hut also allow visualization and quantification of physiological and biochemical processes at the cellular level.Every imaging technique has its own characteristic to evaluate local lymph nodes,with the persistent development of molecularimaging,functional imaging technique has played a more and more important role in the diagnosis of lymph nodes.This article mainly reviewed and discussed imaging techniques in the evaluation of lymph nodes.
2011, 35(6): 339-346.
doi: 10.3760,cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.06.005
Abstract:
PET-CT and magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) are two types important imaging modalities in tumor detection,the former could provide functional metabolism information, such as glucose metabolism,amino acids metabolism and so on.While the latter could offer the water molecules motion information in tissues.The two modalities both have advantages.disadvantages and indi-cations of themselves.We will obtain more morphology and metabolism informations while the two modalities were combined favorably.The eombiriation of the two were useful to decide the quality of local lesions and systematic stage,and to increase the diagnostic accuracy,that could provide the most effective informa-tions for clinic to choose optimal treatment plan.
PET-CT and magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) are two types important imaging modalities in tumor detection,the former could provide functional metabolism information, such as glucose metabolism,amino acids metabolism and so on.While the latter could offer the water molecules motion information in tissues.The two modalities both have advantages.disadvantages and indi-cations of themselves.We will obtain more morphology and metabolism informations while the two modalities were combined favorably.The eombiriation of the two were useful to decide the quality of local lesions and systematic stage,and to increase the diagnostic accuracy,that could provide the most effective informa-tions for clinic to choose optimal treatment plan.
2011, 35(6): 347-350.
doi: 10.3760,cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.06.006
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the features and diagnostic values of 18F-FDG PET and high resolution CT(HRCT) in patients with bronchial alveolar carcinoma (BAC).Methods Seventeen cases with pathologically confirmed BAC and 1 case confirmed inflammation were studied retrospectively.The standardized uptake value (SUV) of the lesions were detected and 18F-FDG uptake characteristics were studied.The diagnostic values of 18F-FDG PET.HRCT and 18F-FDG PET combined with HRCT were analyzed.Results ① In the group of solitary nodule (n=5),SUV of lesions were 1.5-3.5.HRCT (4/5) demonstrated spiculated (4/4),lobulated (3/4),pleural indentation (3/4),vascular convergence (3/4),vacuole sign (2/4) and ground-glass sign (1/4).② In the group oflobar consolidation (n=6),SUV of lesions were 1.6-2.3. HRCT (5/6) demonstrated ground-glass (5/5),pleural indentation (3/5),vacuole sign (2/5),air bronchogram sign (2/5) and blood vessel convergency (1/5).③In the group of mixed shadow (n=4),SUV of lesions were 4.5-10.0.Ground-glass sign,vacuole sign,pleural tag and air bronchogram sign were seen in 2,1,2 and 3 cases respectively.④ There was 1 case in the group of mass lesion.The SUV of lesion was 5.6,and HRCT demonstrated lobulated,cavity,pleural indentation and blood vessel convergency.⑤ There was 1 case in the multi-nodular group,SUV was 4.6,lobulation and spiculation sign were found.⑥SUV was 1.2 in the false positive case,with the lesion size of 2.1 cm×2.3 cm.Conclusions Low uptake of 18F-FDG in solitary nodule and lobar consolidation groups might cause false negative in the diagnosis of BAC.To improve the diagnosis accuracy and to decrease misdiagnosis rate of BAC.combination of HRCT with 18F-FDG PET should be carfled out.
Objective To investigate the features and diagnostic values of 18F-FDG PET and high resolution CT(HRCT) in patients with bronchial alveolar carcinoma (BAC).Methods Seventeen cases with pathologically confirmed BAC and 1 case confirmed inflammation were studied retrospectively.The standardized uptake value (SUV) of the lesions were detected and 18F-FDG uptake characteristics were studied.The diagnostic values of 18F-FDG PET.HRCT and 18F-FDG PET combined with HRCT were analyzed.Results ① In the group of solitary nodule (n=5),SUV of lesions were 1.5-3.5.HRCT (4/5) demonstrated spiculated (4/4),lobulated (3/4),pleural indentation (3/4),vascular convergence (3/4),vacuole sign (2/4) and ground-glass sign (1/4).② In the group oflobar consolidation (n=6),SUV of lesions were 1.6-2.3. HRCT (5/6) demonstrated ground-glass (5/5),pleural indentation (3/5),vacuole sign (2/5),air bronchogram sign (2/5) and blood vessel convergency (1/5).③In the group of mixed shadow (n=4),SUV of lesions were 4.5-10.0.Ground-glass sign,vacuole sign,pleural tag and air bronchogram sign were seen in 2,1,2 and 3 cases respectively.④ There was 1 case in the group of mass lesion.The SUV of lesion was 5.6,and HRCT demonstrated lobulated,cavity,pleural indentation and blood vessel convergency.⑤ There was 1 case in the multi-nodular group,SUV was 4.6,lobulation and spiculation sign were found.⑥SUV was 1.2 in the false positive case,with the lesion size of 2.1 cm×2.3 cm.Conclusions Low uptake of 18F-FDG in solitary nodule and lobar consolidation groups might cause false negative in the diagnosis of BAC.To improve the diagnosis accuracy and to decrease misdiagnosis rate of BAC.combination of HRCT with 18F-FDG PET should be carfled out.
2011, 35(6): 350-353.
doi: 10.3760,cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.06.007
Abstract:
With the incessant development of medical technology,the methods of screening and diagnosis for renal artery stenosis are constantly updated.In generl,the most widely used method is color doppler ultrasound,and then the multi-slice spiral CT angiography,MRI and the radionuclide imaging. Renal artery angiography is not only one kind of reliable diagnostic technique,but also an absolutely necessary means to guide the interventional treatment.This review mainly describes the above methods from diagnosis standards,specificity,sensitivity,advantages and disadvantages.Furthermore,it also offers some forward-looking visions from the development of the radionuclide imaging by SPECT.
With the incessant development of medical technology,the methods of screening and diagnosis for renal artery stenosis are constantly updated.In generl,the most widely used method is color doppler ultrasound,and then the multi-slice spiral CT angiography,MRI and the radionuclide imaging. Renal artery angiography is not only one kind of reliable diagnostic technique,but also an absolutely necessary means to guide the interventional treatment.This review mainly describes the above methods from diagnosis standards,specificity,sensitivity,advantages and disadvantages.Furthermore,it also offers some forward-looking visions from the development of the radionuclide imaging by SPECT.
2011, 35(6): 354-357.
doi: 10.3760,cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.06.008
Abstract:
It is common that Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients can suffer from cardiac damage,which performed variously.Cardiac damage in DMD often be paid no attention in early stage, since the clinical symptoms is slight.With the decline of cardiac function,the quality of life,treatment and rehabilitation training of patients will be affected significantly.Furthermore,the progress of the disease will be speeded up and the difficulty of treatment will be increased.Therefore,there will be important signifi-cance in delaying the progression of cardiac damage and prolonging the life of patients by the early diagno-sis and intervention treatment of cardiac damage in DMD.For the convenience of the clinician to choose suitable imaging methods,to improve the cardiac damage in patients of DMD,imaging researches which are applied to the DMD cardiac damage are reviewed.
It is common that Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients can suffer from cardiac damage,which performed variously.Cardiac damage in DMD often be paid no attention in early stage, since the clinical symptoms is slight.With the decline of cardiac function,the quality of life,treatment and rehabilitation training of patients will be affected significantly.Furthermore,the progress of the disease will be speeded up and the difficulty of treatment will be increased.Therefore,there will be important signifi-cance in delaying the progression of cardiac damage and prolonging the life of patients by the early diagno-sis and intervention treatment of cardiac damage in DMD.For the convenience of the clinician to choose suitable imaging methods,to improve the cardiac damage in patients of DMD,imaging researches which are applied to the DMD cardiac damage are reviewed.
2011, 35(6): 358-361.
doi: 10.3760,cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.06.009
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the relationship between adrenal androgen level and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients.Method Twenty-two heMthy women and 85 PCOS patients were underwent adrenocortieptropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test,and 85 PCOS patients were divided into high response-polycystic ovary syndrome (HR-PCOS) group and normal response-polycystic ovary syndrome (NR-PCOS) group.The ratio of serum luteinizing hormone to follicle stimulating hormone (LH/FSH),estradiol (E2),testosterone (T) and pmgestin (P) were tested by radioimmunoassay method.17-hydroxy-progesterone (17-OHP),dehydroepiandros-teronesulfate (DHEAS) and andmsterone (AD) was tested at 0 and 60 min after an ACTH stimulation test.Body mass index (BMI),waist-to-hip-circumference radio (WHR) and homeostasis modes of assessment for insulin resistence index (HOMA-IR) were also measured.Results There were 20 cases that 17-OHP levels were higher than normal (HR-PCOS).the other 65 cases were NR-PCOS group.MBI and WHR (MBI:χ2=13.874,14.512,WHR:χ2=12.607,15.153,P all<0.05) of HR-PCOS group and NR-PCOS group were significantly higher than control group,but there had no significant difference between the two PCOS groups (χ2=4.801,5.326,P all>0.05).HR-PCOS group and NR-PCOS group were significantly higher than the control group for LH/FSH and estradiol(LH/FSH:χ2=18.226,16.327,E2:χ2=17.334,19.261,P all<0.05),but there had no significant difference between the two PCOS groups.Serum T of HR-PCOS group was significantly higher than control group(χ2=12.274,Pχ2=20.314,18.492,P all<0.01).17-OHP and DHEAS of HR-PCOS group were significantly higher than NR-PCOS group and control group before and after ACTH stimulation test (17-OHP:χ2=18.063,19.214,DHEAS:χ2=17.358,19.355,P all<0.01).But there had no differences between NR-PCOS group and control group(χ2=4.109,4.362,P all>0.05).AD of HR-PCOS group and NR-PCOS group were higher than control group before and after the ACTH stimulation test(χ2=14.062,16.549,P all<0.05).However, there had no differences (χ2=5.541,P>0.05)between the two PCOS groups.Serum cortisol was no difference between HR-PCOS,NR-PCOS and control groups before and after stimulation test.HOMA-IR of HR-PCOS group and NR-PCOS group were higher than control group(χ2=19.263,21.482,P all<0.01),and HR-PCOS group is higher than NR-PCOS group (χ2=13.582,P<0.05).Conclusions There have significantly higher basal and ACTH-stimulated level of adrenal androgen hyperresponsiveness in PCOS patients.Adrenal androgen level appears to be closely associated with insulin resistance in PCOS patients.
Objective To investigate the relationship between adrenal androgen level and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients.Method Twenty-two heMthy women and 85 PCOS patients were underwent adrenocortieptropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test,and 85 PCOS patients were divided into high response-polycystic ovary syndrome (HR-PCOS) group and normal response-polycystic ovary syndrome (NR-PCOS) group.The ratio of serum luteinizing hormone to follicle stimulating hormone (LH/FSH),estradiol (E2),testosterone (T) and pmgestin (P) were tested by radioimmunoassay method.17-hydroxy-progesterone (17-OHP),dehydroepiandros-teronesulfate (DHEAS) and andmsterone (AD) was tested at 0 and 60 min after an ACTH stimulation test.Body mass index (BMI),waist-to-hip-circumference radio (WHR) and homeostasis modes of assessment for insulin resistence index (HOMA-IR) were also measured.Results There were 20 cases that 17-OHP levels were higher than normal (HR-PCOS).the other 65 cases were NR-PCOS group.MBI and WHR (MBI:χ2=13.874,14.512,WHR:χ2=12.607,15.153,P all<0.05) of HR-PCOS group and NR-PCOS group were significantly higher than control group,but there had no significant difference between the two PCOS groups (χ2=4.801,5.326,P all>0.05).HR-PCOS group and NR-PCOS group were significantly higher than the control group for LH/FSH and estradiol(LH/FSH:χ2=18.226,16.327,E2:χ2=17.334,19.261,P all<0.05),but there had no significant difference between the two PCOS groups.Serum T of HR-PCOS group was significantly higher than control group(χ2=12.274,P
2011, 35(6): 363-365.
doi: 10.3760,cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.06.011
Abstract:
It is very common phenomenon that mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency in various tumors, both stem cells and proliferation cells.With MMR deficiency,the cells treated by chemotherapy drugs passed the G2/S arrest and became resistant to the drugs.In the clinical trial,even in the glioma with negative 06-methylguanine-DNA methyhransferase expression show the resistance to Temozolomide.The MMR deficiency cells treated by radiotherapy show two contradictory behaviors.MMR deficiency enhanced the cells resistance to radiation,for cells show less apoptosis or autophagy.On the other hand,pretreated with radiation enhancer,such as 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IUdR),resulting in more IUdR-DNA unrepaired cells and increasing the sensitivity to radiation.
It is very common phenomenon that mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency in various tumors, both stem cells and proliferation cells.With MMR deficiency,the cells treated by chemotherapy drugs passed the G2/S arrest and became resistant to the drugs.In the clinical trial,even in the glioma with negative 06-methylguanine-DNA methyhransferase expression show the resistance to Temozolomide.The MMR deficiency cells treated by radiotherapy show two contradictory behaviors.MMR deficiency enhanced the cells resistance to radiation,for cells show less apoptosis or autophagy.On the other hand,pretreated with radiation enhancer,such as 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IUdR),resulting in more IUdR-DNA unrepaired cells and increasing the sensitivity to radiation.
2011, 35(6): 366-369.
doi: 10.3760,cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.06.012
Abstract:
Of particular concern during radiosurgery of brain tumors is the risk of radiation damage to otherwise heahhy tissue.potentially resulting in cognitive impairment.The conformality and precise target-ing of the CyberKnife radiation beam enables this risk to be minimized to a greater extent than hitherto pos-sible,which may allow treatment to be completed in a small number of fractions,thereby improving the quality of life for patients.The CyberKnife has proven paaicularly valuable in the treatment of metastases,which represent the great majority of brain tumors,though its role in the management of malignant glial tumors remains a subject of controversy.This article reviews the published studies on the efficacy of CyberKnife radiosurgery for brain tumors of both glial and metastatic origin,and advantage in the management of malig-nant tumor.
Of particular concern during radiosurgery of brain tumors is the risk of radiation damage to otherwise heahhy tissue.potentially resulting in cognitive impairment.The conformality and precise target-ing of the CyberKnife radiation beam enables this risk to be minimized to a greater extent than hitherto pos-sible,which may allow treatment to be completed in a small number of fractions,thereby improving the quality of life for patients.The CyberKnife has proven paaicularly valuable in the treatment of metastases,which represent the great majority of brain tumors,though its role in the management of malignant glial tumors remains a subject of controversy.This article reviews the published studies on the efficacy of CyberKnife radiosurgery for brain tumors of both glial and metastatic origin,and advantage in the management of malig-nant tumor.
2011, 35(6): 369-374,375.
doi: 10.3760,cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.06.013
Abstract:
Cervical lymph nodes account for approximately 1/3 of the lymph nodes all over the body. The malignant tumor all over the body can metastasize to head and cervical lymph nodes.So it is significant to make clear its property to determine the malignant tumor staging,establish treatment plan and analyze curative effect.Now ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy is generally accepted as the optimal diagnose way to made correct histopathological diagnosis in non-surgical condition.The aim of this study was to survey and evalu-ate the accuracy of pathological diagnosis using the ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy in the cervical lymph nodes.
Cervical lymph nodes account for approximately 1/3 of the lymph nodes all over the body. The malignant tumor all over the body can metastasize to head and cervical lymph nodes.So it is significant to make clear its property to determine the malignant tumor staging,establish treatment plan and analyze curative effect.Now ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy is generally accepted as the optimal diagnose way to made correct histopathological diagnosis in non-surgical condition.The aim of this study was to survey and evalu-ate the accuracy of pathological diagnosis using the ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy in the cervical lymph nodes.
2011, 35(6): 321-324.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.06.001
Abstract:
The development and metasis of malignant tumor depend on neovascularization.CD13 is a significant marker of cells commit to myeloid lineage to classify leukemia, meanwhile it expresses on the neovascular endothelial cells specifically but expresses barely in vascular endothelial cells.Coupling CD13 monoclonal antibody or CD13 ligand to CD13 in fluorescence, radionuclide or magnetic nanoparticles to achieve molecular imaging to probe angiogenesis and provide imaging evidence of the development of angiogenesis associated disease.Asn-Gly-Arg peptide motif compound with different anticancer drugs targeted deliver to neovascular endothelial cells and release the anticancer drugs to treat the tumor.The research of CD13 to understand, diagnose and treat the angiogenesis associated diseases has gotten breakthrough and have a promising future.
The development and metasis of malignant tumor depend on neovascularization.CD13 is a significant marker of cells commit to myeloid lineage to classify leukemia, meanwhile it expresses on the neovascular endothelial cells specifically but expresses barely in vascular endothelial cells.Coupling CD13 monoclonal antibody or CD13 ligand to CD13 in fluorescence, radionuclide or magnetic nanoparticles to achieve molecular imaging to probe angiogenesis and provide imaging evidence of the development of angiogenesis associated disease.Asn-Gly-Arg peptide motif compound with different anticancer drugs targeted deliver to neovascular endothelial cells and release the anticancer drugs to treat the tumor.The research of CD13 to understand, diagnose and treat the angiogenesis associated diseases has gotten breakthrough and have a promising future.
2011, 35(6): 325-329.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.06.002
Abstract:
Research of multimodal imaging probes has become the most popular tendency with the development of fused instruments.But the optimum ratio about sensitivity of various functional probes have become a tough problem to really implement multimodal imaging.As nanomaterials have advantages of tiny volume and plastic physico-chemical characteristics, when it is use to connect, modify, match various probes, it has greater flexibility.Now, it have become the new favor on the research of multimodal imaging probes and made a greater progress.This review mainly described property, application, progress of nanomaterials in multimodal imaging probes.
Research of multimodal imaging probes has become the most popular tendency with the development of fused instruments.But the optimum ratio about sensitivity of various functional probes have become a tough problem to really implement multimodal imaging.As nanomaterials have advantages of tiny volume and plastic physico-chemical characteristics, when it is use to connect, modify, match various probes, it has greater flexibility.Now, it have become the new favor on the research of multimodal imaging probes and made a greater progress.This review mainly described property, application, progress of nanomaterials in multimodal imaging probes.
2011, 35(6): 330-334.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.06.003
Abstract:
Nuclear medicine imaging plays an important role in diagnosis, grading and prognosis of patients with gliomas.With the development of nuclear medicine, a variety of radiotracers have been proposed used as targets for glioma imaging.At present, the most widely used SPECT radiotracers are 201Tl, 99Tcm-MIBI, 123I-iodo-methyl tyrosine and 131I-Buthus martensi Karsch chlorotoxin-like toxin.The most important PET radiotracers include radiolabled glucose, amino acids, choline, nucleotides and hypoxia markers.They can provide the information of substance metabolism, cell proliferation and hypoxia metabolism in gliomas to promote the accurate clinical diagnosis.This review mainly introduces the advances in application of above-mentioned radiotracers in glioma imaging.
Nuclear medicine imaging plays an important role in diagnosis, grading and prognosis of patients with gliomas.With the development of nuclear medicine, a variety of radiotracers have been proposed used as targets for glioma imaging.At present, the most widely used SPECT radiotracers are 201Tl, 99Tcm-MIBI, 123I-iodo-methyl tyrosine and 131I-Buthus martensi Karsch chlorotoxin-like toxin.The most important PET radiotracers include radiolabled glucose, amino acids, choline, nucleotides and hypoxia markers.They can provide the information of substance metabolism, cell proliferation and hypoxia metabolism in gliomas to promote the accurate clinical diagnosis.This review mainly introduces the advances in application of above-mentioned radiotracers in glioma imaging.
2011, 35(6): 334-338.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.06.004
Abstract:
Early and accurate evaluate the patients'lymph nodes and the unexplained lymphadenopathy are crucial to select the proper treatment plan and dpredicting prognosis.Although size measurements are still the most widely used method for discriminating malignant from non-malignant lymph nodes, it possesses a low accuracy.In order to increase the accuracy of evaluate the malignant and benign lymph nodes, it is necessary to find a new imaging method which is not just evaluate the anatomical structures of the lymph node, but also allow visualization and quantification of physiological and biochemical processes at the cellular level.Every imaging technique has its own characteristic to evaluate local lymph nodes, with the persistent development of molecular imaging, functional imaging technique has played a more and more important role in the diagnosis of lymph nodes.This article mainly reviewed and discussed imaging techniques in the evaluation of lymph nodes.
Early and accurate evaluate the patients'lymph nodes and the unexplained lymphadenopathy are crucial to select the proper treatment plan and dpredicting prognosis.Although size measurements are still the most widely used method for discriminating malignant from non-malignant lymph nodes, it possesses a low accuracy.In order to increase the accuracy of evaluate the malignant and benign lymph nodes, it is necessary to find a new imaging method which is not just evaluate the anatomical structures of the lymph node, but also allow visualization and quantification of physiological and biochemical processes at the cellular level.Every imaging technique has its own characteristic to evaluate local lymph nodes, with the persistent development of molecular imaging, functional imaging technique has played a more and more important role in the diagnosis of lymph nodes.This article mainly reviewed and discussed imaging techniques in the evaluation of lymph nodes.
2011, 35(6): 339-346.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.06.005
Abstract:
PET-CT and magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI) are two types important imaging modalities in tumor detection, the former could provide functional metabolism information, such as glucose metabolism, amino acids metabolism and so on.While the latter could offer the water molecules motion information in tissues.The two modalities both have advantages, disadvantages and indications of themselves.We will obtain more morphology and metabolism informations while the two modalities were combined favorably.The combination of the two were useful to decide the quality of local lesions and systematic stage, and to increase the diagnostic accuracy, that could provide the most effective informations for clinic to choose optimal treatment plan.
PET-CT and magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI) are two types important imaging modalities in tumor detection, the former could provide functional metabolism information, such as glucose metabolism, amino acids metabolism and so on.While the latter could offer the water molecules motion information in tissues.The two modalities both have advantages, disadvantages and indications of themselves.We will obtain more morphology and metabolism informations while the two modalities were combined favorably.The combination of the two were useful to decide the quality of local lesions and systematic stage, and to increase the diagnostic accuracy, that could provide the most effective informations for clinic to choose optimal treatment plan.
2011, 35(6): 347-350.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.06.006
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the features and diagnostic values of 18F-FDG PET and high resolution CT(HRCT) in patients with bronchial alveolar carcinoma(BAC). Methods Seventeen cases with pathologically confirmed BAC and 1 case confirmed inflammation were studied retrospectively.The standardized uptake value(SUV) of the lesions were detected and 18F-FDG uptake characteristics were studied.The diagnostic values of 18F-FDG PET, HRCT and 18F-FDG PET combined with HRCT were analyzed. Results ① In the group of solitary nodule(n=5), SUV of lesions were 1.5-3.5.HRCT(4/5) demonstrated spiculated(4/4), lobulated(3/4), pleural indentation(3/4), vascular convergence(3/4), vacuole sign(2/4) and ground-glass sign(1/4).②In the group of lobar consolidation(n=6), SUV of lesions were 1.6-2.3. HRCT(5/6) demonstrated ground-glass(5/5), pleural indentation(3/5), vacuole sign(2/5), air bronchogram sign (2/5) and blood vessel convergency(1/5).③In the group of mixed shadow(n=4), SUV of lesions were 4.5-10.0.Ground-glass sign, vacuole sign, pleural tag and air bronchogram sign were seen in 2, 1, 2 and 3 cases respectively.④There was 1 case in the group of mass lesion.The SUV of lesion was 5.6, and HRCT demonstrated lobulated, cavity, pleural indentation and blood vessel convergency.⑤There was 1 case in the multi-nodular group, SUV was 4.6, lobulation and spiculation sign were found.⑥SUV was 1.2 in the false positive case, with the lesion size of 2.1 cm×2.3 cm. Conclusions Low uptake of 18F-FDG in solitary nodule and lobar consolidation groups might cause false negative in the diagnosis of BAC.To improve the diagnosisaccuracy and to decrease misdiagnosis rate of BAC, combination of HRCT with 18F-FDG PET should be carried out.
2011, 35(6): 350-353.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.06.007
Abstract:
With the incessant development of medical technology, the methods of screening and diagnosis for renal artery stenosis are constantly updated.In general, the most widely used method is color doppler ultrasound, and then the multi-slice spiral CT angiography, MRI and the radionuclide imaging. Renal artery angiography is not only one kind of reliable diagnostic technique, but also an absolutely necessary means to guide the interventional treatment.This review mainly describes the above methods from diagnosis standards, specificity, sensitivity, advantages and disadvantages.Furthermore, it also offers some forward-looking visions from the development of the radionuclide imaging by SPECT.
With the incessant development of medical technology, the methods of screening and diagnosis for renal artery stenosis are constantly updated.In general, the most widely used method is color doppler ultrasound, and then the multi-slice spiral CT angiography, MRI and the radionuclide imaging. Renal artery angiography is not only one kind of reliable diagnostic technique, but also an absolutely necessary means to guide the interventional treatment.This review mainly describes the above methods from diagnosis standards, specificity, sensitivity, advantages and disadvantages.Furthermore, it also offers some forward-looking visions from the development of the radionuclide imaging by SPECT.
2011, 35(6): 354-357.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.06.008
Abstract:
It is common that Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD)patients can suffer from cardiac damage, which performed variously.Cardiac damage in DMD often be paid no attention in early stage, since the clinical symptoms is slight.With the decline of cardiac function, the quality of life, treatment and rehabilitation training of patients will be affected significantly.Furthermore, the progress of the disease will be speeded up and the difficulty of treatment will be increased.Therefore, there will be important significance in delaying the progression of cardiac damage and prolonging the life of patients by the early diagnosis and intervention treatment of cardiac damage in DMD.For the convenience of the clinician to choose suitable imaging methods, to improve the cardiac damage in patients of DMD, imaging researches which are applied to the DMD cardiac damage are reviewed.
It is common that Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD)patients can suffer from cardiac damage, which performed variously.Cardiac damage in DMD often be paid no attention in early stage, since the clinical symptoms is slight.With the decline of cardiac function, the quality of life, treatment and rehabilitation training of patients will be affected significantly.Furthermore, the progress of the disease will be speeded up and the difficulty of treatment will be increased.Therefore, there will be important significance in delaying the progression of cardiac damage and prolonging the life of patients by the early diagnosis and intervention treatment of cardiac damage in DMD.For the convenience of the clinician to choose suitable imaging methods, to improve the cardiac damage in patients of DMD, imaging researches which are applied to the DMD cardiac damage are reviewed.
2011, 35(6): 358-361.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.06.009
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the relationship between adrenal androgen level and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)patients. Method Twenty-two healthy women and 85 PCOS patients were underwent adrenocorticptropic hormone(ACTH)stimulation test, and 85 PCOS patients were divided into high response-polycystic ovary syndrome(HR-PCOS)group and normal response-polycystic ovary syndrome(NR-PCOS)group.The ratio of serum luteinizing hormone to follicle stimulating hormone(LH/FSH), estradiol(E2), testosterone(T)and progestin(P)were tested by radioimmunoassay method.17-hydroxyprogesterone(17-OHP), dehydroepiandros-teronesulfate(DHEAS)and androsterone(AD)was tested at 0 and 60 min after an ACTH stimulation test.Body mass index(BMI), waist-to-hip-circumference radio(WHR)and homeostasis modes ofassessment for insulin resistence index(HOMA-IR)were also measured. Results There were 20 cases that 17-OHP levels were higher than normal(HR-PCOS), the other 65 cases were NR-PCOSgroup.MBI and WHR(MBI: χ2=13.874, 14.512, WHR: χ2=12.607, 15.153, P all < 0.05)of HR-PCOS group and NR-PCOS group were significantly higher than control group, but there had no significant difference between the two PCOS groups(χ2=4.801, 5.326, P all > 0.05).HR-PCOS group and NR-PCOS group were significantly higher than the control group for LH/FSH and estradiol(LH/FSH: χ2=18.226, 16.327, E2: χ2=17.334, 19.261, P all < 0.05), but there had no significant difference between the two PCOS groups.Serum T of HR-PCOS group was significantly higher than control group(χ2=12.274, P < 0.01), HR-PCOS group and NR-PCOS group were higher than control group(χ2=20.314, 18.492, P all < 0.01).17-OHP and DHEAS of HR-PCOS group were significantly higher than NR-PCOS group and control group before and after ACTH stimulation test(17-OHP: χ2=18.063, 19.214, DHEAS: χ2=17.358, 19.355, P all < 0.01).But there had no differences between NR-PCOS group and control group(χ2=4.109, 4.362, P all > 0.05).AD of HR-PCOS group and NR-PCOS group were higher than control group before and after the ACTH stimulation test(χ2=14.062, 16.549, P all < 0.05).However, there had no differences(χ2=5.541, P > 0.05)between the two PCOS groups.Serum cortisol was no difference between HR-PCOS, NR-PCOS and control groups before and after stimulation test.HOMA-IR of HR-PCOS group and NR-PCOS group were higher than control group(χ2=19.263, 21.482, P all < 0.01), and HR-PCOS group is higher than NR-PCOS group(χ2=13.582, P < 0.05). Conclusions There have significantly higher basal and ACTH-stimulated level of adrenal androgen hyperresponsiveness in PCOS patients.Adrenal androgen level appears to be closely associated with insulin resistance in PCOS patients.
2011, 35(6): 363-365.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.06.011
Abstract:
It is very common phenomenon that mismatch repair(MMR)deficiency in various tumors, both stem cells and proliferation cells.With MMR deficiency, the cells treated by chemotherapy drugs passed the G2/S arrest and became resistant to the drugs.In the clinical trial, even in the glioma with negative O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase expression show the resistance to Temozolomide.The MMR deficiency cells treated by radiotherapy show two contradictory behaviors.MMR deficiency enhanced the cells resistance to radiation, for cells show less apoptosis or autophagy.On the other hand, pretreated with radiation enhancer, such as 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine(IUdR), resulting in more IUdR-DNA unrepaired cells and increasing the sensitivity to radiation.
It is very common phenomenon that mismatch repair(MMR)deficiency in various tumors, both stem cells and proliferation cells.With MMR deficiency, the cells treated by chemotherapy drugs passed the G2/S arrest and became resistant to the drugs.In the clinical trial, even in the glioma with negative O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase expression show the resistance to Temozolomide.The MMR deficiency cells treated by radiotherapy show two contradictory behaviors.MMR deficiency enhanced the cells resistance to radiation, for cells show less apoptosis or autophagy.On the other hand, pretreated with radiation enhancer, such as 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine(IUdR), resulting in more IUdR-DNA unrepaired cells and increasing the sensitivity to radiation.
2011, 35(6): 366-369.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.06.012
Abstract:
Of particular concern during radiosurgery of brain tumors is the risk of radiation damage to otherwise healthy tissue, potentially resulting in cognitive impairment.The conformality and precise targeting of the CyberKnife radiation beam enables this risk to be minimized to a greater extent than hitherto possible, which may allow treatment to be completed in a small number of fractions, thereby improving the quality of life for patients.The CyberKnife has proven particularly valuable in the treatment of metastases, which represent the great majority of brain tumors, though its role in the management of malignant glial tumors remains a subject of controversy.This article reviews the published studies on the efficacy of CyberKnife radiosurgery for brain tumors of both glial and metastatic origin, and advantage in the management of malignant tumor.
Of particular concern during radiosurgery of brain tumors is the risk of radiation damage to otherwise healthy tissue, potentially resulting in cognitive impairment.The conformality and precise targeting of the CyberKnife radiation beam enables this risk to be minimized to a greater extent than hitherto possible, which may allow treatment to be completed in a small number of fractions, thereby improving the quality of life for patients.The CyberKnife has proven particularly valuable in the treatment of metastases, which represent the great majority of brain tumors, though its role in the management of malignant glial tumors remains a subject of controversy.This article reviews the published studies on the efficacy of CyberKnife radiosurgery for brain tumors of both glial and metastatic origin, and advantage in the management of malignant tumor.
2011, 35(6): 369-374, 385.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2011.06.013
Abstract:
Cervical lymph nodes account for approximately 1/3 of the lymph nodes all over the body. The malignant tumor all over the body can metastasize to head and cervical lymph nodes.So it is significant tomake clear its property to determine the malignant tumor staging, establish treatment plan and analyze curative effect.Now ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy is generally accepted as the optimal diagnose way to made correct histopathological diagnosis in non-surgical condition.The aim of this study was to survey and evaluate the accuracy of pathological diagnosis using the ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy in the cervical lymph nodes.
Cervical lymph nodes account for approximately 1/3 of the lymph nodes all over the body. The malignant tumor all over the body can metastasize to head and cervical lymph nodes.So it is significant tomake clear its property to determine the malignant tumor staging, establish treatment plan and analyze curative effect.Now ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy is generally accepted as the optimal diagnose way to made correct histopathological diagnosis in non-surgical condition.The aim of this study was to survey and evaluate the accuracy of pathological diagnosis using the ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy in the cervical lymph nodes.
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