2010 Vol. 34, No. 6
Display Method:
2010, 34(6): 321-325.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2010.06.001
[PDF 532KB]
Abstract:
Receptor binding assay is an important drug screening method, which can quickly and inexpensively study the interactions between the targeted receptor and the potential ligands in vitro and provide the information of the relative binding affinity of ligand-receptor.The imaging of many radiopharmaceuticals is based on highly selective radioligand-receptor binding.The technique plays an important role in the design and screening of receptor-targeting radiopharmaceuticals.
Receptor binding assay is an important drug screening method, which can quickly and inexpensively study the interactions between the targeted receptor and the potential ligands in vitro and provide the information of the relative binding affinity of ligand-receptor.The imaging of many radiopharmaceuticals is based on highly selective radioligand-receptor binding.The technique plays an important role in the design and screening of receptor-targeting radiopharmaceuticals.
2010, 34(6): 321-325.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114,2010.06.001
Abstract:
Receptor binding assay is an important drug screening method, which can quickly and inexpensively study the interactions between the targeted receptor and the potential ligands in vitro and provide the information of the relative binding affinity of ligand-receptor. The imaging of many radiopharmaceuticals is based on highly selective radioligand-receptor binding. The technique plays an important role in the design and screening of receptor-targeting radiopharmaceuticals.
Receptor binding assay is an important drug screening method, which can quickly and inexpensively study the interactions between the targeted receptor and the potential ligands in vitro and provide the information of the relative binding affinity of ligand-receptor. The imaging of many radiopharmaceuticals is based on highly selective radioligand-receptor binding. The technique plays an important role in the design and screening of receptor-targeting radiopharmaceuticals.
2010, 34(6): 326-329.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114,2010.06.002
Abstract:
Over the last decade, nanotechnology and nanomaterials have gained rapid development in medical application, especially in targeted drug delivery and gene transfer vector domain, and nano-materials are also beginning to applied in nuclear medicine. This paper is to make a view of the application research of several types of nanomaterials in nuclear medicine, and discusse some problems and the main direction of future development.
Over the last decade, nanotechnology and nanomaterials have gained rapid development in medical application, especially in targeted drug delivery and gene transfer vector domain, and nano-materials are also beginning to applied in nuclear medicine. This paper is to make a view of the application research of several types of nanomaterials in nuclear medicine, and discusse some problems and the main direction of future development.
2010, 34(6): 329-332.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114,2010.06.003
Abstract:
Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy, its incidence rate increases year by year. Although the disease has good prognosis, if bone metastases happen, 10-year survival rate of patients will obviously reduce. At present, the mechanism of the occurrence of bone metastases is not clear.The research of bone metastases of thyroid carcinoma not only has important clinical value, but also scientific value. Animal model of bone metastasis of thyroid carcinoma is the basis to study the mechanism and therapy of thyroid carcinoma. According to its establishment methods, it can be divided into four types, including spontaneous type, chemical induced type, transgenic induced type and transplanted type.
Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy, its incidence rate increases year by year. Although the disease has good prognosis, if bone metastases happen, 10-year survival rate of patients will obviously reduce. At present, the mechanism of the occurrence of bone metastases is not clear.The research of bone metastases of thyroid carcinoma not only has important clinical value, but also scientific value. Animal model of bone metastasis of thyroid carcinoma is the basis to study the mechanism and therapy of thyroid carcinoma. According to its establishment methods, it can be divided into four types, including spontaneous type, chemical induced type, transgenic induced type and transplanted type.
2010, 34(6): 333-336,362.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114,2010.06.004
Abstract:
As one of the most important tracer for PET-CT, the preparation of 18F-FDG by nucleophilic substitution is better than electrophilic substitution,therefore the substitution of the former for the latter is imperative. Automatic synthesis module technology has powerful function on the large-scale production of radioactive drugs and widely clinical been used. In recent years the application of new technology in 18F-FDG synthesis module is very fascinating. The requirement for quality control of 18F-FDG is tremendously strict, for which the administration way of 18F-FDG is intravenous injection. The advanced detective methods and the standardization of Good Manufacturing Practice are guarantee to 18F-FDG quality control. The researches on pharmacokinetics of 18F-FDG show that the metabolic process accords with three-compartment model after intravenous, which provides a basis for clinical medication. In this paper, we review the 18F-FDG in detail from the principle of synthesis, craft process, quality control, metabolic distribution and clinical application and so on.
As one of the most important tracer for PET-CT, the preparation of 18F-FDG by nucleophilic substitution is better than electrophilic substitution,therefore the substitution of the former for the latter is imperative. Automatic synthesis module technology has powerful function on the large-scale production of radioactive drugs and widely clinical been used. In recent years the application of new technology in 18F-FDG synthesis module is very fascinating. The requirement for quality control of 18F-FDG is tremendously strict, for which the administration way of 18F-FDG is intravenous injection. The advanced detective methods and the standardization of Good Manufacturing Practice are guarantee to 18F-FDG quality control. The researches on pharmacokinetics of 18F-FDG show that the metabolic process accords with three-compartment model after intravenous, which provides a basis for clinical medication. In this paper, we review the 18F-FDG in detail from the principle of synthesis, craft process, quality control, metabolic distribution and clinical application and so on.
2010, 34(6): 337-343.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114,2010.06.005
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the clinical value of free prostate antigen (FPSA), total prostate specific antigen (TPSA), FPSA/TPSA and serum hormones (PRL, FSH, LH, Prog, T, E2) combined with ECT bone imaging in patients with prostate carcinoma.Methods 44 healthy males, 75 patients of benign prostate disease (including 41 of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 25 of HBP with acute urinary retention (BPH+AUR) surgery, 9 of acute prostatitis), and 48 patients with prostate carcinoma were enrolled in this study. Their Gonadal hormones and TPSA, FPSA, FPSA/TPSA were measured.Results ①The level of TPSA and FPSA in patients with prostate carcinoma or benign prostate disease were significantly higher than in healthy control (t1=11.42, t2=12.01, P<0.01); ②Those in patients with prostate carcinoma were obviously higher than in patients with benign prostate disease (t1=10.69, t2=11.18, P<0.01); ③The ratio of FPSA/TPSA in patients with prostate carcinoma was obviously lower than those with BPH 0,=10.69, t2=11.18, P<0.01), but there were no significant differences between patients with BPH+AUR and acute prostatitis (t1=0.73, t2=0.62, P>0.05); ④The FSH and LH of gonadal hormones in patients with prostate carcinoma were obviously higher than in patients with benign prostate diseases and healthy control.⑤Except patients having operation total correction, the gonadal hormones and FSH/LH, T in patients with prostate carcinoma having different treatment programs all had variances before and after therapy; ⑥TPSA and FPSA in patients with prostate carcinoma having bone metastasis were much higher than those without bone metastasis (tPSA=5.38, tfpsA=4.26, P<0.01), the ratio of FPSA/TPSA between those two had no significant disparity (t=1.61, P>0.05).Conclusion here was great clinlical value of the determination of TPSA and FPSA in diagnosis of prostate carcinoma, identification of prostate carcinoma and benign prostate disease and in judgment of bone metastasis. The ratio of FPSA/TPSA <0.16 is a proper prediction index for diagnosis of prostate carcinoma, FPSA/TPSA might be <0.16 in healthy ones and patients with acute prostatitis or BPH; but when FPSA/TPSA <0.16, the risk of prostate cancer would increase; Gonadal hormones is useful biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment in patients with prostate carcinoma.
Objective To evaluate the clinical value of free prostate antigen (FPSA), total prostate specific antigen (TPSA), FPSA/TPSA and serum hormones (PRL, FSH, LH, Prog, T, E2) combined with ECT bone imaging in patients with prostate carcinoma.Methods 44 healthy males, 75 patients of benign prostate disease (including 41 of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 25 of HBP with acute urinary retention (BPH+AUR) surgery, 9 of acute prostatitis), and 48 patients with prostate carcinoma were enrolled in this study. Their Gonadal hormones and TPSA, FPSA, FPSA/TPSA were measured.Results ①The level of TPSA and FPSA in patients with prostate carcinoma or benign prostate disease were significantly higher than in healthy control (t1=11.42, t2=12.01, P<0.01); ②Those in patients with prostate carcinoma were obviously higher than in patients with benign prostate disease (t1=10.69, t2=11.18, P<0.01); ③The ratio of FPSA/TPSA in patients with prostate carcinoma was obviously lower than those with BPH 0,=10.69, t2=11.18, P<0.01), but there were no significant differences between patients with BPH+AUR and acute prostatitis (t1=0.73, t2=0.62, P>0.05); ④The FSH and LH of gonadal hormones in patients with prostate carcinoma were obviously higher than in patients with benign prostate diseases and healthy control.⑤Except patients having operation total correction, the gonadal hormones and FSH/LH, T in patients with prostate carcinoma having different treatment programs all had variances before and after therapy; ⑥TPSA and FPSA in patients with prostate carcinoma having bone metastasis were much higher than those without bone metastasis (tPSA=5.38, tfpsA=4.26, P<0.01), the ratio of FPSA/TPSA between those two had no significant disparity (t=1.61, P>0.05).Conclusion here was great clinlical value of the determination of TPSA and FPSA in diagnosis of prostate carcinoma, identification of prostate carcinoma and benign prostate disease and in judgment of bone metastasis. The ratio of FPSA/TPSA <0.16 is a proper prediction index for diagnosis of prostate carcinoma, FPSA/TPSA might be <0.16 in healthy ones and patients with acute prostatitis or BPH; but when FPSA/TPSA <0.16, the risk of prostate cancer would increase; Gonadal hormones is useful biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment in patients with prostate carcinoma.
2010, 34(6): 343-347.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114,2010.06.006
Abstract:
The rupture of the vulnerable carotid artery plaque is the main reason of brain stroke. The combination of 18F-FDG PET and MRI providing the information about metabolism, morphology and composition at the same time, and this method will greatly improve the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis.
The rupture of the vulnerable carotid artery plaque is the main reason of brain stroke. The combination of 18F-FDG PET and MRI providing the information about metabolism, morphology and composition at the same time, and this method will greatly improve the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis.
2010, 34(6): 348-352.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114,2010.06.007
Abstract:
18F-FDG PET has become the preferred method of staging and restaging of many malignant neoplasms. Its application has increased diagnostic accuracy and exerted a considerable impact on the treatment of patients. 18F-FDG PET has also become extremely valuable in therapy efficacy monitoring of many malignant neoplasms. Choline is critical for cellular membrane structures and function. Choline metabolism increases in malignant neoplasms. 11C-/18F-choline PET has been used in diagnosis and detection of many malignant neoplasms and metastases. This paper reviews the value of 18F-FDG and 11C-/18F-choline PET in tumors imaging and compares their advantages and limitations.
18F-FDG PET has become the preferred method of staging and restaging of many malignant neoplasms. Its application has increased diagnostic accuracy and exerted a considerable impact on the treatment of patients. 18F-FDG PET has also become extremely valuable in therapy efficacy monitoring of many malignant neoplasms. Choline is critical for cellular membrane structures and function. Choline metabolism increases in malignant neoplasms. 11C-/18F-choline PET has been used in diagnosis and detection of many malignant neoplasms and metastases. This paper reviews the value of 18F-FDG and 11C-/18F-choline PET in tumors imaging and compares their advantages and limitations.
2010, 34(6): 352-355.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114,2010.06.008
Abstract:
Bone metastasis from malignant tumor will reduce the survival rate and life quality of patients. As the most two common procedures of evaluating the condition of whole-body skeletal system, both 18F-FDG PET and 99Tcm-MDP bone imaging can detect early metastasis and stage the cancer, thus helping the treatment. With the help of the theory of these two imaging methods, diagnostic differences and points of focus in different pathological types of bone destruction can be analyzed. Except PET and bone imaging, MRI is also an imaging method with high sensitivity. Moreover, PET-CT, SPECT-CT and some newly-discovered tracers will certainly add new value on detecting bone metastasis by methods of nuclear medecine.
Bone metastasis from malignant tumor will reduce the survival rate and life quality of patients. As the most two common procedures of evaluating the condition of whole-body skeletal system, both 18F-FDG PET and 99Tcm-MDP bone imaging can detect early metastasis and stage the cancer, thus helping the treatment. With the help of the theory of these two imaging methods, diagnostic differences and points of focus in different pathological types of bone destruction can be analyzed. Except PET and bone imaging, MRI is also an imaging method with high sensitivity. Moreover, PET-CT, SPECT-CT and some newly-discovered tracers will certainly add new value on detecting bone metastasis by methods of nuclear medecine.
2010, 34(6): 357-359.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114,2010.06.010
Abstract:
Objective To compare the difference between 99Tcm-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99Tcm-DTPA) renal dynamic imaging and measurement of serum cystatin C in evaluation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR).Methods One hundred patients were selected at random, 38 cases with hy-pertension, 35with nephrosis, 10 with arteriosclerosis obliterans, 9 with diabetes and 8 with other diseases. Evaluation of patients'GFR was made separately by 99Tcm-DTPA renal dynamic imaging and measurement of serum cystatin C.Results No significant difference of GFR was found between the two methods (t=1.591, P>0.05),and linear correlation was showed as well (r=0.809, P<0.01). The imaging also revealed the function of individaul kidney, renal blood perfusion and excretory function besides GFR.Conclusion s Results of GFR from the two methods revealed no significant difference and they were highly correlated. 99Tcm-DTPA renal dynamic imaging could reveal the individual renal function and provide a more comprehensive evaluation of renal function while the measurement of serum cystatin C was simple and convenient, timesaving, economic, and more suit-able for screening patients'renal function clinically.
Objective To compare the difference between 99Tcm-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99Tcm-DTPA) renal dynamic imaging and measurement of serum cystatin C in evaluation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR).Methods One hundred patients were selected at random, 38 cases with hy-pertension, 35with nephrosis, 10 with arteriosclerosis obliterans, 9 with diabetes and 8 with other diseases. Evaluation of patients'GFR was made separately by 99Tcm-DTPA renal dynamic imaging and measurement of serum cystatin C.Results No significant difference of GFR was found between the two methods (t=1.591, P>0.05),and linear correlation was showed as well (r=0.809, P<0.01). The imaging also revealed the function of individaul kidney, renal blood perfusion and excretory function besides GFR.Conclusion s Results of GFR from the two methods revealed no significant difference and they were highly correlated. 99Tcm-DTPA renal dynamic imaging could reveal the individual renal function and provide a more comprehensive evaluation of renal function while the measurement of serum cystatin C was simple and convenient, timesaving, economic, and more suit-able for screening patients'renal function clinically.
2010, 34(6): 359-362.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114,2010.06.011
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the reason for the appearance of bimodal insulin release curve (IRC).Methods Sixty-three cases of bimodal pattern of IRC (double hump group) were selected as experimental group; 18 normal volunteers as control group. Oral glucose tolerance test, insulin release test and C-peptide release test were performed, and the index of steady-state model was calculated.Results There were no significant difference among the two groups in fasting insulin, 1 hC-peptide, fasting plasma glucose, Homa-insulin resistance. 0.5 hIns:double hump group > control group. Fasting C-peptide:control 1 group > double hump group > normal Group. 0.5 h C-peptide:double hump group and control group > normal group. Fasting plasma glucose:normal group > double hump group and control group. 0.5 h plasma gulcose:normal group > double hump group > control group. glucose area under curve:normal group > double hump group > control group; △I30△ G30:double hump group > control group > normal group. insulin area under curve and C-peptide area under curve:double hump group > control group and normal group.There were significant difference among the results.Conclusion s The pancreatic island has an overcompensation in the first secretion phase in double hump group, and the insulin displayed the pseudopeak value at 0.5 h which lead to the increase of blood glucose. The pancreatic island has a normal peak value in the second secretion phase, the patients in this group exsits impaired glucose tolerance.
Objective To investigate the reason for the appearance of bimodal insulin release curve (IRC).Methods Sixty-three cases of bimodal pattern of IRC (double hump group) were selected as experimental group; 18 normal volunteers as control group. Oral glucose tolerance test, insulin release test and C-peptide release test were performed, and the index of steady-state model was calculated.Results There were no significant difference among the two groups in fasting insulin, 1 hC-peptide, fasting plasma glucose, Homa-insulin resistance. 0.5 hIns:double hump group > control group. Fasting C-peptide:control 1 group > double hump group > normal Group. 0.5 h C-peptide:double hump group and control group > normal group. Fasting plasma glucose:normal group > double hump group and control group. 0.5 h plasma gulcose:normal group > double hump group > control group. glucose area under curve:normal group > double hump group > control group; △I30△ G30:double hump group > control group > normal group. insulin area under curve and C-peptide area under curve:double hump group > control group and normal group.There were significant difference among the results.Conclusion s The pancreatic island has an overcompensation in the first secretion phase in double hump group, and the insulin displayed the pseudopeak value at 0.5 h which lead to the increase of blood glucose. The pancreatic island has a normal peak value in the second secretion phase, the patients in this group exsits impaired glucose tolerance.
2010, 34(6): 363-366.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114,2010.06.012
Abstract:
Radiation brain injury is a serious complication among the radiotherapy of brain tumors.It is demonstrated that the protective action of magnesium ion in the brain injury from some experimental studies recent years, which is the prospective neuroprotective agents overall merits. This article is summarized the causes and the variance of magnesium ion in the brain tissue afterwards the radioactive brain injury,additionally the defense mechanism of magnesium ion from the aspects of inflammation reduction, encephaledema alleviation, anti-apoptosis and improcement of nerve function.
Radiation brain injury is a serious complication among the radiotherapy of brain tumors.It is demonstrated that the protective action of magnesium ion in the brain injury from some experimental studies recent years, which is the prospective neuroprotective agents overall merits. This article is summarized the causes and the variance of magnesium ion in the brain tissue afterwards the radioactive brain injury,additionally the defense mechanism of magnesium ion from the aspects of inflammation reduction, encephaledema alleviation, anti-apoptosis and improcement of nerve function.
2010, 34(6): 367-369.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114,2010.06.013
Abstract:
Objective To assess the clinical usefulness of 64-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in diagnosing of pulmonary embolism.Methods Sixty-three patients with clinically known pulmonary embolism underwent 64-slice spiral CTPA. The source images of all the patients were reconstructed with the 3D techniques including multiplanar reconstruction, maximum intensity projection and volume rendering, CT axial images features were analyzed.Results Three hundreds and three embolus were found in 63 cases patients.The direct diagnostic findings of pulmonary embolism including:64-slice spiral CTPA clearly showed the sites,extensions and stenosed lumens of pulmonary embolism in all patients. Pulmonary embolism lesions appeared as intra-luminal irregular-plaque shape and adhered-mural filling defects. The indirect diagnostic findings of pulmonary embolism including:dmosaic signs, dilation of the right ventricle and atrium, pulmonary artery enlargement, pleural effusion, pulmonary atelectasis and pulmonary consolidation(pulmonary infarction). There are 47 patients whose thrombosis disappeared after therapy in 62 patients, 11 became smaller and 3 were chronic pulmonary embolism.Conclusion 64-slice spiral CTPA is one of the most effective and non-invasive imaging modalities in the diagnosis before and after therapy of pulmonary embolism.
Objective To assess the clinical usefulness of 64-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in diagnosing of pulmonary embolism.Methods Sixty-three patients with clinically known pulmonary embolism underwent 64-slice spiral CTPA. The source images of all the patients were reconstructed with the 3D techniques including multiplanar reconstruction, maximum intensity projection and volume rendering, CT axial images features were analyzed.Results Three hundreds and three embolus were found in 63 cases patients.The direct diagnostic findings of pulmonary embolism including:64-slice spiral CTPA clearly showed the sites,extensions and stenosed lumens of pulmonary embolism in all patients. Pulmonary embolism lesions appeared as intra-luminal irregular-plaque shape and adhered-mural filling defects. The indirect diagnostic findings of pulmonary embolism including:dmosaic signs, dilation of the right ventricle and atrium, pulmonary artery enlargement, pleural effusion, pulmonary atelectasis and pulmonary consolidation(pulmonary infarction). There are 47 patients whose thrombosis disappeared after therapy in 62 patients, 11 became smaller and 3 were chronic pulmonary embolism.Conclusion 64-slice spiral CTPA is one of the most effective and non-invasive imaging modalities in the diagnosis before and after therapy of pulmonary embolism.
2010, 34(6): 370-373.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114,2010.06.014
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the clinical application of high-field-strength magnetic resonance imaging to diagnose recurrent gastric cancer.Methods Forty three postoperative patients with gastric carcinoma were divided into two groups. The group with recurrent gastric carcinoma has 33 patients, they were clinically confirmed by barium meal of alimentary canal, CT or pathological results. There were 10 cases in control group confirmed by pathological results. All the subjects took hypotonicity agent, followed by water as negative contrast medium. Then patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging including fast spoiled gradient recalled T1WI, T2WI, diffusion weighted imaging, fast imaging employing steady state sequence, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatographyand dynamic contrast enhancement sequences when gastrointestinal tract was in hypotonic, patients drank or were primed with water as contrast.Results Thirty patients were diagnosed as recurrent gastric cancer with MRI, 28 of them were confirmed by clinical results. Three patients were missed and two patients were incorrectly misdiagnosed by MRI. Wall thickness of gastric remnant was (4.5±0.3) mm and that of stomas was (6.3±1.4) mm in control group. Types of lesions were found on MRI:thickening of remnant stomach stomas was more than 8 mn(n=30), thickening of neighbor rem-nant stomach stomas was more than 5mm (n=19), mass of stomas (n=11), metastasis of neighbor viscus (n=5), and metastasis of lymph nodes (n=9). On enhancement scan, 9 patients showed inhomogeneous enhancement in arterial phase and 30 patients showed gradual delayed enhancement in venous phase and equilibrium phase.Conclusion MRI is an effective imaging method in illustrating wall thickness of gastric remnant and stomas, invasion depth by carcinoma, relationship with neighbor tissue structures and metastasis of lymph nodes and abdominal viscus. It plays an important role in directing clinical therapy.
Objective To evaluate the clinical application of high-field-strength magnetic resonance imaging to diagnose recurrent gastric cancer.Methods Forty three postoperative patients with gastric carcinoma were divided into two groups. The group with recurrent gastric carcinoma has 33 patients, they were clinically confirmed by barium meal of alimentary canal, CT or pathological results. There were 10 cases in control group confirmed by pathological results. All the subjects took hypotonicity agent, followed by water as negative contrast medium. Then patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging including fast spoiled gradient recalled T1WI, T2WI, diffusion weighted imaging, fast imaging employing steady state sequence, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatographyand dynamic contrast enhancement sequences when gastrointestinal tract was in hypotonic, patients drank or were primed with water as contrast.Results Thirty patients were diagnosed as recurrent gastric cancer with MRI, 28 of them were confirmed by clinical results. Three patients were missed and two patients were incorrectly misdiagnosed by MRI. Wall thickness of gastric remnant was (4.5±0.3) mm and that of stomas was (6.3±1.4) mm in control group. Types of lesions were found on MRI:thickening of remnant stomach stomas was more than 8 mn(n=30), thickening of neighbor rem-nant stomach stomas was more than 5mm (n=19), mass of stomas (n=11), metastasis of neighbor viscus (n=5), and metastasis of lymph nodes (n=9). On enhancement scan, 9 patients showed inhomogeneous enhancement in arterial phase and 30 patients showed gradual delayed enhancement in venous phase and equilibrium phase.Conclusion MRI is an effective imaging method in illustrating wall thickness of gastric remnant and stomas, invasion depth by carcinoma, relationship with neighbor tissue structures and metastasis of lymph nodes and abdominal viscus. It plays an important role in directing clinical therapy.
2010, 34(6): 326-329.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2010.06.002
Abstract:
Over the last decade, nanotechnology and nanomaterials have gained rapid development in medical application, especially in targeted drug delivery and gene transfer vector domain, and nano-materials are also beginning to applied in nuclear medicine.This paper is to make a view of the application research of several types of nanomaterials in nuclear medicine, and discusse some problems and the main direction of future development.
Over the last decade, nanotechnology and nanomaterials have gained rapid development in medical application, especially in targeted drug delivery and gene transfer vector domain, and nano-materials are also beginning to applied in nuclear medicine.This paper is to make a view of the application research of several types of nanomaterials in nuclear medicine, and discusse some problems and the main direction of future development.
2010, 34(6): 329-332.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2010.06.003
Abstract:
Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy, its incidence rate increases year by year.Although the disease has good prognosis, if bone metastases happen, 10-year survival rate of patients will obviously reduce.At present, the mechanism of the occurrence of bone metastases is not clear. The research of bone metastases of thyroid carcinoma not onlyhasimportantclinicalvalue, butalsoscientific value.Animal model of bone metastasis of thyroid carcinoma is the basis to study themechanismand therapy of thyroid carcinoma.According to its establishment methods, it can be divided into four types, including spontaneous type, chemical induced type, transgenic induced type and transplanted type.
Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy, its incidence rate increases year by year.Although the disease has good prognosis, if bone metastases happen, 10-year survival rate of patients will obviously reduce.At present, the mechanism of the occurrence of bone metastases is not clear. The research of bone metastases of thyroid carcinoma not onlyhasimportantclinicalvalue, butalsoscientific value.Animal model of bone metastasis of thyroid carcinoma is the basis to study themechanismand therapy of thyroid carcinoma.According to its establishment methods, it can be divided into four types, including spontaneous type, chemical induced type, transgenic induced type and transplanted type.
2010, 34(6): 333-336, 362.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2010.06.004
Abstract:
As one of the most important tracer for PET-CT, the preparation of 18F-FDG by nucleophilic substitutionis better than electrophilic substitution, therefore the substitution of the formerfor the latter is imperative.Automatic synthesis module technology has powerful function on the large-scale production of radioactive drugs and widely clinical been used.In recent years the application of new technology in 18F-FDG synthesis module is very fascinating.The requirement for quality control of 18F-FDG is tremendously strict, for which the administration way of 18F-FDG is intravenous injection.The advanced detective methods and the standardization of Good Manufacturing Practice are guarantee to 18F-FDG quality control.The researches on pharmacokinetics of 18F-FDG show that the metabolic process accords with three-compartment model after intravenous, which provides a basis for clinical medication.In this paper, we review the 18F-FDG in detail from the principleof synthesis, craft process, quality control, metabolic distributionandclinicalapplication andso on.
As one of the most important tracer for PET-CT, the preparation of 18F-FDG by nucleophilic substitutionis better than electrophilic substitution, therefore the substitution of the formerfor the latter is imperative.Automatic synthesis module technology has powerful function on the large-scale production of radioactive drugs and widely clinical been used.In recent years the application of new technology in 18F-FDG synthesis module is very fascinating.The requirement for quality control of 18F-FDG is tremendously strict, for which the administration way of 18F-FDG is intravenous injection.The advanced detective methods and the standardization of Good Manufacturing Practice are guarantee to 18F-FDG quality control.The researches on pharmacokinetics of 18F-FDG show that the metabolic process accords with three-compartment model after intravenous, which provides a basis for clinical medication.In this paper, we review the 18F-FDG in detail from the principleof synthesis, craft process, quality control, metabolic distributionandclinicalapplication andso on.
2010, 34(6): 337-343.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2010.06.005
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the clinical value of free prostate antigen(FPSA), total prostate specific antigen(TPSA), FPSA/TPSA and serum hormones(PRL, FSH, LH, Prog, T, E2)combined with ECT bone imaging in patients with prostate carcinoma. Methods 44 healthy males, 75 patients of benign prostate disease(including 41 of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)and 25 of HBP with acute urinary retention(BPH+AUR)surgery, 9 of acute prostatitis), and 48 patients with prostate carcinoma were enrolled in this study.Their Gonadal hormones and TPSA, FPSA, FPSA/TPSA were measured. Results ① The level of TPSA and FPSA in patients with prostate carcinoma or benign prostate disease were significantly higher than in healthy control(t1=11.42, t2=12.01, P < 0.01); ②Those in patients with prostate carcinoma were obviously higher than in patients with benign prostate disease(t1=10.69, t2=11.18, P < 0.01); ③Theratio of FPSA/TPSA in patients with prostate carcinoma was obviously lower than those with BPH(t1=10.69, t2=11.18, P < 0.01), but there were no significant differences between patients with BPH+AUR and acute prostatitis(t1=0.73, t2=0.62, P > 0.05); ④The FSH and LH of gonadal hormones in patients with prostate carcinoma were obviously higher than in patients with benign prostate diseases and healthy control.⑤Except patients having operation total correction, the gonadal hormones and FSH/LH, T in patients with prostate carcinoma having different treatment programs all had variances before and after therapy; ⑥TPSA and FPSA in patients with prostate carcinoma having bone metastasis were much higher than those without bone metastasis(tTPSA=5.38, tFPSA=4.26, P < 0.01), the ratio of FPSA/TPSA between those two had no significant disparity(t=1.61, P > 0.05). Conclusion here was great clinlical value of the determination of TPSA and FPSA in diagnosis of prostate carcinoma, identification of prostate carcinoma and benign prostate disease and in judgment of bone metastasis.The ratio of FPSA/TPSA < 0.16 is a proper prediction index for diagnosis of prostate carcinoma, FPSA/TPSA might be < 0.16 in healthy ones and patients with acute prostatitis or BPH; but when FPSA/TPSA < 0.16, the risk of prostate cancer would increase; Gonadal hormones is useful biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment in patients with prostate carcinoma.
2010, 34(6): 343-347.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2010.06.006
Abstract:
The rupture of the vulnerable carotid artery plaque is the main reason of brain stroke.The combination of 18F-FDG PET and MRI providing the information about metabolism, morphology and composition at the same time, and this method will greatly improve the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis.
The rupture of the vulnerable carotid artery plaque is the main reason of brain stroke.The combination of 18F-FDG PET and MRI providing the information about metabolism, morphology and composition at the same time, and this method will greatly improve the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis.
2010, 34(6): 348-352.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2010.06.007
Abstract:
18F-FDG PET has become the preferred method of staging and restaging of many malignant neoplasms.Its application has increased diagnostic accuracy and exerted a considerable impact on the treatment of patients. 18F-FDG PET has also become extremely valuable in therapy efficacy monitoring of many malignant neoplasms.Choline is critical for cellular membrane structures and function.Choline metabolism increases in malignant neoplasms. 11C-/ 18F-choline PET has been used in diagnosis and detection of many malignant neoplasms and metastases.This paper reviews the value of 18F-FDG and 11C-/18F-choline PET in tumors imaging and compares their advantages and limitations.
18F-FDG PET has become the preferred method of staging and restaging of many malignant neoplasms.Its application has increased diagnostic accuracy and exerted a considerable impact on the treatment of patients. 18F-FDG PET has also become extremely valuable in therapy efficacy monitoring of many malignant neoplasms.Choline is critical for cellular membrane structures and function.Choline metabolism increases in malignant neoplasms. 11C-/ 18F-choline PET has been used in diagnosis and detection of many malignant neoplasms and metastases.This paper reviews the value of 18F-FDG and 11C-/18F-choline PET in tumors imaging and compares their advantages and limitations.
2010, 34(6): 352-355.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2010.06.008
Abstract:
Bone metastasis from malignant tumor will reduce the survival rate and life quality of patients.As the most two common procedures of evaluating the condition of whole-body skeletal system, both 18F-FDG PET and 99Tcm-MDP bone imaging can detect early metastasis and stage the cancer, thus helping the treatment.With the help of the theory of these two imaging methods, diagnostic differences and points of focus in different pathological types of bone destruction can be analyzed.Except PET and bone imaging, MRI is also an imaging method with high sensitivity.Moreover, PET-CT, SPECT-CT and some newly-discovered tracers will certainly add new value on detecting bone metastasis by methods of nuclear medecine.
Bone metastasis from malignant tumor will reduce the survival rate and life quality of patients.As the most two common procedures of evaluating the condition of whole-body skeletal system, both 18F-FDG PET and 99Tcm-MDP bone imaging can detect early metastasis and stage the cancer, thus helping the treatment.With the help of the theory of these two imaging methods, diagnostic differences and points of focus in different pathological types of bone destruction can be analyzed.Except PET and bone imaging, MRI is also an imaging method with high sensitivity.Moreover, PET-CT, SPECT-CT and some newly-discovered tracers will certainly add new value on detecting bone metastasis by methods of nuclear medecine.
2010, 34(6): 357-359.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2010.06.010
Abstract:
Objective To compare the difference between 99Tcm-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid ( 99Tcm-DTPA)renal dynamic imaging and measurement of serum cystatin C in evaluation of glomerular filtration rate(GFR). Methods One hundred patients were selected at random, 38 cases with hy-pertension, 35 with nephrosis, 10 with arteriosclerosis obliterans, 9 with diabetes and 8 with other diseases.Evaluation of patients'GFR was made separately by 99Tcm-DTPA renal dynamic imaging and measurement of serum cystatin C. Results No significant difference of GFR was found between the two methods(t=1.591, P > 0.05), and linear correlation was showed as well(r=0.809, P < 0.01).The imaging also revealed the function of individaul kidney, renal blood perfusion and excretory function besides GFR. Conclusions Results of GFR from the two methods revealed no significant difference and they were highly correlated. 99Tcm-DTPA renal dynamic imaging could reveal the individual renal function and provide a more comprehensive evaluation of renal function while the measurement of serum cystatin C was simple and convenient, timesaving, economic, and more suit-able forscreening patients'renal function clinically.
2010, 34(6): 359-362.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2010.06.011
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the reason for the appearance of bimodal insulin release curve (IRC). Methods Sixty-three cases of bimodal pattern of IRC(double hump group)were selected as experimental group; 18 normal volunteers as control group.Oral glucose tolerance test, insulin release test and C-peptide release testwere performed, and the index of steady-state model was calculated. Results There were no significant difference among the two groups in fasting insulin, 1 hC-peptide, fasting plasma glucose, Homa-insulin resistance.0.5 hIns: double hump group > control group.Fasting C-peptide: controll group > double hump group > normal Group.0.5 h C-peptide: double hump group and control group > normal group.Fasting plasma glucose: normal group > double hump group and control group.0.5 h plasma gulcose: normal group > double hump group > control group.glucose area under curve: normal group > double hump group > control group; △I30/△G30: double hump group > control group > normal group.insulin area under curve and C-peptide area under curve: double hump group > control group and normal group. There were significant difference among the results. Conclusions The pancreatic island has an overcompensation in the first secretion phase in double hump group, and the insulin displayed the pseudopeak value at 0.5 h which lead to the increase of blood glucose.The pancreatic island has a normal peak value in the second secretion phase, the patients in this group exsits impaired glucose tolerance.
2010, 34(6): 363-366.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2010.06.012
Abstract:
Radiation brain injury is a serious complication among the radiotherapy of brain tumors. It is demonstrated that the protective action of magnesium ion in the brain injury from some experimental studies recent years, which is the prospective neuroprotective agents overall merits.This article is summarized the causes and the variance of magnesium ion in the brain tissue afterwards the radioactive brain injury, additionally the defense mechanism of magnesium ion from the aspects of inflammation reduction, encephaledema alleviation, anti-apoptosis and improcement of nerve function.
Radiation brain injury is a serious complication among the radiotherapy of brain tumors. It is demonstrated that the protective action of magnesium ion in the brain injury from some experimental studies recent years, which is the prospective neuroprotective agents overall merits.This article is summarized the causes and the variance of magnesium ion in the brain tissue afterwards the radioactive brain injury, additionally the defense mechanism of magnesium ion from the aspects of inflammation reduction, encephaledema alleviation, anti-apoptosis and improcement of nerve function.
2010, 34(6): 367-369.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2010.06.013
Abstract:
Objective To assess the clinical usefulness of 64-slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA)in diagnosing of pulmonary embolism. Methods Sixty-three patients with clinically known pulmonary embolism underwent 64-slice spiral CTPA.The source images of all the patients were reconstructed with the 3D techniques including multiplanarreconstruction, maximum intensity projection and volume rendering, CT axial images features were analyzed. Results Three hundreds and three embolus were found in 63 cases patients.The direct diagnostic findings of pulmonary embolism including: 64-slice spiral CTPA clearly showed the sites, extensions and stenosed lumens of pulmonary embolism in all patients.Pulmonary embolism lesions appeared as intra-luminal irregular-plaque shape and adhered-mural filling defects.The indirect diagnostic findings of pulmonary embolism including: dmosaic signs, dilation of the right ventricle and atrium, pulmonary artery enlargement, pleural effusion, pulmonary atelectasis and pulmonary consolidation(pulmonary infarction).There are 47 patients whose thrombosis disappeared after therapy in 62 patients, 11 became smaller and 3 were chronic pulmonary embolism. Conclusion 64-slice spiral CTPA is one of the most effective and non-invasive imaging modalities in the diagnosis before and aftertherapy of pulmonary embolism.
2010, 34(6): 370-373.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2010.06.014
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the clinical application of high-field-strength magnetic resonance imaging to diagnose recurrent gastric cancer. Methods Forty three postoperative patients with gastric carcinomawere divided into two groups.The group with recurrent gastric carcinoma has 33 patients, they were clinically confirmed by barium meal of alimentary canal, CT or pathological results.There were 10 cases in control group confirmed by pathological results.All the subjects took hypotonicity agent, followed by water as negative contrastmedium.Thenpatients underwent magnetic resonance imaging including fast spoiled gradient recalled T1WI, T2WI, diffusion weighted imaging, fast imaging employing steady state sequence, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatographyand dynamic contrast enhancement sequences when gastrointestinal tract was in hypotonic, patients drank or were primed with water as contrast. Results Thirty patients were diagnosed as recurrent gastric cancer with MRI, 28 of them were confirmed by clinical results.Three patients were missed and two patients were incorrectly misdiagnosed by MRI.Wall thickness of gastric remnant was(4.5±0.3)mm and that of stomas was(6.3±1.4)mm in control group.Types of lesions were found on MRI: thick-ening of remnant stomach stomas was more than 8 mm(n=30), thickening of neighbor rem-nant stomach stomas was more than 5mm(n=19), mass of stomas(n=11), metastasis of neighbor viscus(n=5), and metastasis of lymph nodes (n=9).On enhancement scan, 9 patients showed inhomogeneous enhancement in arterial phase and 30 patients showed gradual delayed enhancement in venous phase and equilibrium phase. Conclusion MRI is an effective imaging method in illustrating wall thickness of gastric remnant and stomas, invasion depth by carcinoma, relationship with neighbor tissue structures and metastasis of lymph nodes and abdominal viscus.It plays an important role in directing clinical therapy.
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