2008 Vol. 32, No. 1
Display Method:
2008, 32(1): 1-4.
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Abstract:
The review article introduce molecular imaging equipment small animal PET and PET-CT's philosophy and technique feature, small animal PET and PET-CT apply many new techniques and images resolution has obviously raising, as same time, small animal PET and small animal CT may come true image fusion, small animal PET and PET-CT permit us to engage molecular level imaging in vivo without invading, so small animal PET and PET-CT are good tool in medical molecular imaging.
The review article introduce molecular imaging equipment small animal PET and PET-CT's philosophy and technique feature, small animal PET and PET-CT apply many new techniques and images resolution has obviously raising, as same time, small animal PET and small animal CT may come true image fusion, small animal PET and PET-CT permit us to engage molecular level imaging in vivo without invading, so small animal PET and PET-CT are good tool in medical molecular imaging.
2008, 32(1): 5-8.
Abstract:
Phage display technology is a kind of method which display peptides or proteins of high diversity on the surface of phage coat proteins. This technology establish a linkage between genotype and phenotype, which makes functional screen of peptides or proteins convenient. Peptides or proteins screened from phage display library have high specificity and strong affinity, and play an important roles in basic research and clinical diagnosis and therapy. With the development of phage display, it has been used in the in vivo selection. It has characteristics of high throughput selection so that it can reveal molecular profiles and the differences of molecular profiles expressed on the vascular surface of different organs. Studies of in vivo selection can provide experimental evidences for the targeting diagnosis and therapy.
Phage display technology is a kind of method which display peptides or proteins of high diversity on the surface of phage coat proteins. This technology establish a linkage between genotype and phenotype, which makes functional screen of peptides or proteins convenient. Peptides or proteins screened from phage display library have high specificity and strong affinity, and play an important roles in basic research and clinical diagnosis and therapy. With the development of phage display, it has been used in the in vivo selection. It has characteristics of high throughput selection so that it can reveal molecular profiles and the differences of molecular profiles expressed on the vascular surface of different organs. Studies of in vivo selection can provide experimental evidences for the targeting diagnosis and therapy.
2008, 32(1): 8-11.
Abstract:
The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) is a transmembrane glycoprotein responsible for uptake of iodide into cells. It has raised the possibility of using radio-iodine for treatment of those tumors that cannot accumulate iodide. The NIS gene has been transferred into a variety of tumors and induced NIS functional expression successfully. However, the effect of therapy is disappointing. Hence, many investigators apply several different approaches to their studies and obtain more effective results.
The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) is a transmembrane glycoprotein responsible for uptake of iodide into cells. It has raised the possibility of using radio-iodine for treatment of those tumors that cannot accumulate iodide. The NIS gene has been transferred into a variety of tumors and induced NIS functional expression successfully. However, the effect of therapy is disappointing. Hence, many investigators apply several different approaches to their studies and obtain more effective results.
2008, 32(1): 12-15.
Abstract:
The malignant tumors must establish a neovasculature to grow, to invade, and to metastasize, in which αvβ3 integrin plays an important role. It is reported that the αvβ3 integrin made their effection mainly by binding triplet peptides RGD sequence in the proteins of the extracellular matrix. Because is reported to there is no or rare αvβ3 integrin in normal cells but more in activated endothelial cells, RGD is the special target point for αvβ3 Integrin. RGD antagonistic peptides radiolabelled by direct or indirect way could be used to display tumor αvβ3 Integrin by nuclear medicine image. It is of significance to locate and quantitate tumor Integrin high special in early diagnosis and therapy. This article reviews the marking method of RGD peptide and study about the image of αvβ3 receptor.
The malignant tumors must establish a neovasculature to grow, to invade, and to metastasize, in which αvβ3 integrin plays an important role. It is reported that the αvβ3 integrin made their effection mainly by binding triplet peptides RGD sequence in the proteins of the extracellular matrix. Because is reported to there is no or rare αvβ3 integrin in normal cells but more in activated endothelial cells, RGD is the special target point for αvβ3 Integrin. RGD antagonistic peptides radiolabelled by direct or indirect way could be used to display tumor αvβ3 Integrin by nuclear medicine image. It is of significance to locate and quantitate tumor Integrin high special in early diagnosis and therapy. This article reviews the marking method of RGD peptide and study about the image of αvβ3 receptor.
2008, 32(1): 15-18.
Abstract:
As a new somatostatin receptor imaging agent, 99mTc-depreotide can bind with somatostatin receptors (SSTR) which over express in many sorts of tumor cells. It shows high sensitivity and speciality on evaluating the malignancy and localization of tumors with SSTR overexpression, especially for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This article gives a review on the bioligy characteristics, radioisotope labeling, biodistribution and tumor imaging of depreotide.
As a new somatostatin receptor imaging agent, 99mTc-depreotide can bind with somatostatin receptors (SSTR) which over express in many sorts of tumor cells. It shows high sensitivity and speciality on evaluating the malignancy and localization of tumors with SSTR overexpression, especially for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This article gives a review on the bioligy characteristics, radioisotope labeling, biodistribution and tumor imaging of depreotide.
2008, 32(1): 20-23.
Abstract:
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) was wildly used radiopharmaceuticals for brain tumors. However, the diagnosis and evaluation of 18F-FDG in cerebral gliomas of pre-and post-therapy were affected due to its normal biodistribution and natural pitfalls. The researches indicates that both 11C-methionine (11C-MET) and 11C-choline overcome the limitations of 18F-FDG, and become an important surrogate or supplement in PET and PET-CT for cerebral gliomas through these aspects of the pretherapeutic diagnostic value, monitoring of therapeutic effects, and the differential diagnosis and assessment between the recurrent or residual tumors and radiation necrosis or post-therapeutic response.
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) was wildly used radiopharmaceuticals for brain tumors. However, the diagnosis and evaluation of 18F-FDG in cerebral gliomas of pre-and post-therapy were affected due to its normal biodistribution and natural pitfalls. The researches indicates that both 11C-methionine (11C-MET) and 11C-choline overcome the limitations of 18F-FDG, and become an important surrogate or supplement in PET and PET-CT for cerebral gliomas through these aspects of the pretherapeutic diagnostic value, monitoring of therapeutic effects, and the differential diagnosis and assessment between the recurrent or residual tumors and radiation necrosis or post-therapeutic response.
2008, 32(1): 23-26.
Abstract:
Early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)is the key point for clinic healing, and accurate staging is the foundation of rational therapy. Positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(18F-FDG) PET isn't sufficiently sensitive on detecting HCC, hut the positive imaging is related on many factors such as malignant degree, intra/extrahepatic metastases, tumor thromhus in a portal vein, the level of alpha-fetoprotein in blood serum and so on. Thus, 18F-FDG PET has a special value on moderately or poorly differentiated HCC for differential diagnosing, staging and restaging, monitoring responses to treatments, evaluating therapeutic effects, and predicting the prognosis.
Early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)is the key point for clinic healing, and accurate staging is the foundation of rational therapy. Positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(18F-FDG) PET isn't sufficiently sensitive on detecting HCC, hut the positive imaging is related on many factors such as malignant degree, intra/extrahepatic metastases, tumor thromhus in a portal vein, the level of alpha-fetoprotein in blood serum and so on. Thus, 18F-FDG PET has a special value on moderately or poorly differentiated HCC for differential diagnosing, staging and restaging, monitoring responses to treatments, evaluating therapeutic effects, and predicting the prognosis.
2008, 32(1): 27-30.
Abstract:
5-125I-2-deoxyuridine(125I-UdR) is specially incorporated into deoxyribonucleic acid during S-phase, where it releases Auger electrons, causing cell death. 125I-UdR has been recognized as an effective carrier. On the basis of many animal experiments and clinical trials, it is proved that prolonged continuous or repeated intermittent drug infusions intratumorally leads to favorable antineoplastic efficacy with no significant systemic toxicity, 125I-UdR is administered locoregionally in the prevailing circumstances and investigators have been searching for therapeutic efficacy and safety of 125I-UdR when combined with other drugs or improved treatment modality locoregionally.
5-125I-2-deoxyuridine(125I-UdR) is specially incorporated into deoxyribonucleic acid during S-phase, where it releases Auger electrons, causing cell death. 125I-UdR has been recognized as an effective carrier. On the basis of many animal experiments and clinical trials, it is proved that prolonged continuous or repeated intermittent drug infusions intratumorally leads to favorable antineoplastic efficacy with no significant systemic toxicity, 125I-UdR is administered locoregionally in the prevailing circumstances and investigators have been searching for therapeutic efficacy and safety of 125I-UdR when combined with other drugs or improved treatment modality locoregionally.
2008, 32(1): 31-33.
Abstract:
Prostate cancer is a common malignant tumor in elder male.But it is difficult to visualize using conventional techniques. 11C-choline is one of newly developed positron tumor imaging agent, which is being used in the imaging of prostate cancer recently because of its metabolism characteristic. We reviewed the use of it in diagnosis of prostate cancer by comparing with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, 11C-acetate, 11C-methionine.
Prostate cancer is a common malignant tumor in elder male.But it is difficult to visualize using conventional techniques. 11C-choline is one of newly developed positron tumor imaging agent, which is being used in the imaging of prostate cancer recently because of its metabolism characteristic. We reviewed the use of it in diagnosis of prostate cancer by comparing with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, 11C-acetate, 11C-methionine.
2008, 32(1): 33-36.
Abstract:
Development of site-specific brain radiopharmaceuticals extends the the functional neuroimaging applications in the diagnosis and monitoring treatments of various neurologic and psychiatric disorders. This article highlights recent advances and clinical applications of the functional neuroimaging in Parkinson disease, epilepsy, dementia, substance abuse, psychiatric disorders and brain functional research.
Development of site-specific brain radiopharmaceuticals extends the the functional neuroimaging applications in the diagnosis and monitoring treatments of various neurologic and psychiatric disorders. This article highlights recent advances and clinical applications of the functional neuroimaging in Parkinson disease, epilepsy, dementia, substance abuse, psychiatric disorders and brain functional research.
2008, 32(1): 37-39.
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the status of nuclear medicine department in Beijing area. Methods Staff, equipment and clinical applications of nuclear medicine departments in Beijing area during 2005 were evaluated by postal questionnaires. Results Thirty nuclear medicine departments responded to our survey. In these departments, 321 staff, 141 doctors, 122 technicians, 7 physicists, 22 nurses and 29 other staff were employed; and 41 large imaging equipments, 37 SPECT, 3 PET, 1 PET-CT were equipped. During 2005, 88135 radionuclide imaging (84734 for SPECT, 3401 for PET), 462246 radioimmunoassay and 2228 radionuclide therapies (the most for Graves' disease, the second for thyroid cancer, the third for bone metastasis) were performed. For only 41.5% and 22.0% equipments the daily quality control (QC) and weekly Qc were conducted. Conclusions Staff, equipments and activities of nuclear medicine department in Beijing were in a considerable scale, but did not balance among hospitals. Most departments should increase the number of physicists and the equipment Qc procedures to improve the image quality.
Objective To evaluate the status of nuclear medicine department in Beijing area. Methods Staff, equipment and clinical applications of nuclear medicine departments in Beijing area during 2005 were evaluated by postal questionnaires. Results Thirty nuclear medicine departments responded to our survey. In these departments, 321 staff, 141 doctors, 122 technicians, 7 physicists, 22 nurses and 29 other staff were employed; and 41 large imaging equipments, 37 SPECT, 3 PET, 1 PET-CT were equipped. During 2005, 88135 radionuclide imaging (84734 for SPECT, 3401 for PET), 462246 radioimmunoassay and 2228 radionuclide therapies (the most for Graves' disease, the second for thyroid cancer, the third for bone metastasis) were performed. For only 41.5% and 22.0% equipments the daily quality control (QC) and weekly Qc were conducted. Conclusions Staff, equipments and activities of nuclear medicine department in Beijing were in a considerable scale, but did not balance among hospitals. Most departments should increase the number of physicists and the equipment Qc procedures to improve the image quality.
2008, 32(1): 40-43.
Abstract:
Ionizing radiation can cause double strand break (DSB), Ku protein as a heterologous dimmer; mainly join in non-homologous end-joining repair pathway. Ku protein plays a crucial role in maintaining telomere structure. There is an abnormal expression of Ku protein in human different tumors. The expression and function of Ku protein is relate to resistance of tumor radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Inhibition of Ku protein can enhance the sensitivity of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Therefore, Ku protein can be used as target of enhancement of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Ionizing radiation can cause double strand break (DSB), Ku protein as a heterologous dimmer; mainly join in non-homologous end-joining repair pathway. Ku protein plays a crucial role in maintaining telomere structure. There is an abnormal expression of Ku protein in human different tumors. The expression and function of Ku protein is relate to resistance of tumor radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Inhibition of Ku protein can enhance the sensitivity of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Therefore, Ku protein can be used as target of enhancement of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
2008, 32(1): 43-46.
Abstract:
Radiotherapy is one of the routine methods of malignant tumor treatment and used in clinical many years, while gene therapy is one of the new therapy. But the formation of tumor is the complicated process effected by many factors and many genes. The effect of polygene therapy is not ideal. Therefore, radio-genetic therapy is the hot spot of the present study and will become one of the important direction of cancer therapy.
Radiotherapy is one of the routine methods of malignant tumor treatment and used in clinical many years, while gene therapy is one of the new therapy. But the formation of tumor is the complicated process effected by many factors and many genes. The effect of polygene therapy is not ideal. Therefore, radio-genetic therapy is the hot spot of the present study and will become one of the important direction of cancer therapy.
2008, 32(1): 47-50.
Abstract:
Cytokine-based treatment was well applied to manage acute radiation injury in recent years.Unfortunately, efficacy of single cytokine was reduced because of multiple organs severe injury caused by high dose irradiation. It is the rationale for cytokines combination. Anti-radiation efficacy of cytokines combination were reviewed, especially hematopoietic growth factors and antiappoptic cytokines combined in acute radiation injury management were documented. Emergency cytokines combination would be an alternative for acute radiation injury treatment.
Cytokine-based treatment was well applied to manage acute radiation injury in recent years.Unfortunately, efficacy of single cytokine was reduced because of multiple organs severe injury caused by high dose irradiation. It is the rationale for cytokines combination. Anti-radiation efficacy of cytokines combination were reviewed, especially hematopoietic growth factors and antiappoptic cytokines combined in acute radiation injury management were documented. Emergency cytokines combination would be an alternative for acute radiation injury treatment.
2008, 32(1): 51-54.
Abstract:
Double-strand breaks (DSB) are the most deleterious form of DNA damage after ionizing radiation, the response of the brain tissue to DNA damage is related to the developmental dynamics of this system. Homology recombination is particularly important for proliferating cells, while non-homologous end joining is critical for differentiating cells. Defects in the related factors to DNA damage pathway underpin many human genopathy with neuropathology. Reviewed the signal conduction system involved in the DNA DSB response and human neuropathology genopathy related to DNA DSB factors deficiencies in the brain cells.
Double-strand breaks (DSB) are the most deleterious form of DNA damage after ionizing radiation, the response of the brain tissue to DNA damage is related to the developmental dynamics of this system. Homology recombination is particularly important for proliferating cells, while non-homologous end joining is critical for differentiating cells. Defects in the related factors to DNA damage pathway underpin many human genopathy with neuropathology. Reviewed the signal conduction system involved in the DNA DSB response and human neuropathology genopathy related to DNA DSB factors deficiencies in the brain cells.
2008, 32(1): 55-57,62.
Abstract:
The cavernous hemangioma is the most common orbital tumor, Which will be healed up by surgical excision, confirm the location and historical characteristics of the lesion is very importment to alternative surgical method. To analyze radiologic features of orbital cavernous hemangiomas, which including ultrasound, CT, MRI, and 99mTc-red blood cell (99mTc-RBC) scintigraphy, and improve the ability of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the disease.
The cavernous hemangioma is the most common orbital tumor, Which will be healed up by surgical excision, confirm the location and historical characteristics of the lesion is very importment to alternative surgical method. To analyze radiologic features of orbital cavernous hemangiomas, which including ultrasound, CT, MRI, and 99mTc-red blood cell (99mTc-RBC) scintigraphy, and improve the ability of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the disease.
2008, 32(1): 59-62.
Abstract:
Company with the development of science, the neutron is used more and more widely, for example, neutron therapy cancer, neutron logging, neutron photograph and so on. The most wide application on medical treatment with neutron is boron neutron capture therapy. But it also brings some problems when it is in use. When the operator perform with the neutron, it may receive neutron irradiation. So the measurement and calculation for neutron dose become important. At home the research of neutron dose need to be advanced research. So the measurement and calculation method of neutron dose are conformed and summarized in this article for advance research.
Company with the development of science, the neutron is used more and more widely, for example, neutron therapy cancer, neutron logging, neutron photograph and so on. The most wide application on medical treatment with neutron is boron neutron capture therapy. But it also brings some problems when it is in use. When the operator perform with the neutron, it may receive neutron irradiation. So the measurement and calculation for neutron dose become important. At home the research of neutron dose need to be advanced research. So the measurement and calculation method of neutron dose are conformed and summarized in this article for advance research.
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