2005 Vol. 29, No. 6
Display Method:
2005, 29(6): 241-244.
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Abstract:
The accurate delineation of radiotherapy planning target volume (PTV) for glioma is always the pursuit of the clinicians. Nowadays the radiotherapy technology is quickly developing, from previous physical modulated intensity radiotherapy to biological modulated intensity radiotherapy, accordingly the accurate delineation of PTV is becoming more and more important. This review will introduce the value and significance of PET in definition of PTV and BTV (biology target volume) and discuss the respective value of different tracer for target volume presentation.
The accurate delineation of radiotherapy planning target volume (PTV) for glioma is always the pursuit of the clinicians. Nowadays the radiotherapy technology is quickly developing, from previous physical modulated intensity radiotherapy to biological modulated intensity radiotherapy, accordingly the accurate delineation of PTV is becoming more and more important. This review will introduce the value and significance of PET in definition of PTV and BTV (biology target volume) and discuss the respective value of different tracer for target volume presentation.
2005, 29(6): 244-248.
Abstract:
PET and SPECT provide the means to studying in vivo the neurochemical, hemodynamic or metabolic consequences of the degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in Parkinson's disease (PD). Activation studies using cerebral blood flow and metabolism measurements during a motor task reveal an impaired ability to activate the supplementary motor area and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in PD. The extent of striatal dopaminergic denervation can be quantified with PET and SPECT. Striatal uptake of 18F-dopa is markedly decreased in PD, more in the putamen than in the caudate nucleus, and inversely correlates with the severity of motor signs and with duration of disease. PET and SPECT make possible the assessment by noninvasive means of the changes in dopamine receptor density. Meanwhile, MRS can reveal changes in concentra-tion of several hydrogenate and phosphoric compounds in the brain. The functional information of brain in PD can be obtained with these complementary techniques.
PET and SPECT provide the means to studying in vivo the neurochemical, hemodynamic or metabolic consequences of the degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in Parkinson's disease (PD). Activation studies using cerebral blood flow and metabolism measurements during a motor task reveal an impaired ability to activate the supplementary motor area and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in PD. The extent of striatal dopaminergic denervation can be quantified with PET and SPECT. Striatal uptake of 18F-dopa is markedly decreased in PD, more in the putamen than in the caudate nucleus, and inversely correlates with the severity of motor signs and with duration of disease. PET and SPECT make possible the assessment by noninvasive means of the changes in dopamine receptor density. Meanwhile, MRS can reveal changes in concentra-tion of several hydrogenate and phosphoric compounds in the brain. The functional information of brain in PD can be obtained with these complementary techniques.
2005, 29(6): 248-251.
Abstract:
It is very difficult to differentiate correctly between the benign and malignant solitary pulmonary nodules. About half of the resected indefinite solitary pulmonary nodules are benign. The present available methods are many and each of them has its own strength and weakness. In almost of all patients CT is the optimal test. Transthoracic fine needle biopsy is invasive and has very low false positive and high false negative. MRI is currently not a regular workup. PET has high sensitivity and specificity with high costliness. Somatostatin receptor imaging is readily available and more cost-effective in comparison with 18F-FDG PET. The routine use of somatostatin receptor imaging should receive strong consideration.
It is very difficult to differentiate correctly between the benign and malignant solitary pulmonary nodules. About half of the resected indefinite solitary pulmonary nodules are benign. The present available methods are many and each of them has its own strength and weakness. In almost of all patients CT is the optimal test. Transthoracic fine needle biopsy is invasive and has very low false positive and high false negative. MRI is currently not a regular workup. PET has high sensitivity and specificity with high costliness. Somatostatin receptor imaging is readily available and more cost-effective in comparison with 18F-FDG PET. The routine use of somatostatin receptor imaging should receive strong consideration.
2005, 29(6): 252-254.
Abstract:
Leukemia is a kind of clonal malignancies of bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cell, as a lipophilic cationic complex,99Tcm-sestamibi (99Tcm-MIBI) is one of the important examinations in leukemia, especial in detecting minimal residual disease of leukemia and monitoring relapse of leukemic cells after induction chemotherapy. 99Tcm-MIBI is a noninvasive bone marrow that has significant value in leukemia.
Leukemia is a kind of clonal malignancies of bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cell, as a lipophilic cationic complex,99Tcm-sestamibi (99Tcm-MIBI) is one of the important examinations in leukemia, especial in detecting minimal residual disease of leukemia and monitoring relapse of leukemic cells after induction chemotherapy. 99Tcm-MIBI is a noninvasive bone marrow that has significant value in leukemia.
2005, 29(6): 255-257.
Abstract:
Since the scholar of England and Japan had found the diphtheria antitoxin, the research of the antibody has experienced three phases:polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies and genetically engineered antibodies. In recent years, far more attention has been paid to single-chain antibody by researchers owing to it's small molecular, strong ability of penetration, short half-lives in blood, high specificity to combine with the corresponding antibody, weak immunogenicity and possibility to be expressed in prokaryocyte.
Since the scholar of England and Japan had found the diphtheria antitoxin, the research of the antibody has experienced three phases:polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies and genetically engineered antibodies. In recent years, far more attention has been paid to single-chain antibody by researchers owing to it's small molecular, strong ability of penetration, short half-lives in blood, high specificity to combine with the corresponding antibody, weak immunogenicity and possibility to be expressed in prokaryocyte.
2005, 29(6): 258-260.
Abstract:
A variety of receptors are overexpress on cancer cell. Ligang labeled with radionuclide can specifically bind its receptor expressed on cancer cell to make tumor imaged. By receptor-mediated, radioligand can enter into cancer cells and kill them. Tumor receptor imaging and receptor-targeted radiotherapy have been extensive studied and have high value in cancer diagnosis and therapy.
A variety of receptors are overexpress on cancer cell. Ligang labeled with radionuclide can specifically bind its receptor expressed on cancer cell to make tumor imaged. By receptor-mediated, radioligand can enter into cancer cells and kill them. Tumor receptor imaging and receptor-targeted radiotherapy have been extensive studied and have high value in cancer diagnosis and therapy.
2005, 29(6): 261-264.
Abstract:
Objective To study the pancreatic islet β-cell function and insulin resistance of diabetic gastroparesis (DGP). Methods 31 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 32 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance(IGT), 38 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 31 subjects with DGP were en-rolled in the study, assessed by steamed bread meal tests, the plasma glucose and insulin at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min were respectively measured by using glucose oxidase and radioimmunoassay, investigate the changes of area under insulin cure (INSAUC), Homa-insulin resistance (Homa-IR) index and modified β-cell function index (MBCI). Results The INSAUC ofIGT, T2DM, NGT and DGP fell in turn, there were signif-icantly differences among the groups. The MBCI of NGT, IGT, T2DM and DGP fell in turn, there were significantly differences among the groups. The Homa-IR index of NGT, IGT, DGP and T2DM rose in turn, there were significantly differences among the groupsexcept between T2DM and DGP. Conclusions The pancreatic islet β-cell function of DGP was worse than NGT, IGT and T2DM, and the insulin resistance was stronger than NGT and IGT.
Objective To study the pancreatic islet β-cell function and insulin resistance of diabetic gastroparesis (DGP). Methods 31 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 32 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance(IGT), 38 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 31 subjects with DGP were en-rolled in the study, assessed by steamed bread meal tests, the plasma glucose and insulin at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min were respectively measured by using glucose oxidase and radioimmunoassay, investigate the changes of area under insulin cure (INSAUC), Homa-insulin resistance (Homa-IR) index and modified β-cell function index (MBCI). Results The INSAUC ofIGT, T2DM, NGT and DGP fell in turn, there were signif-icantly differences among the groups. The MBCI of NGT, IGT, T2DM and DGP fell in turn, there were significantly differences among the groups. The Homa-IR index of NGT, IGT, DGP and T2DM rose in turn, there were significantly differences among the groupsexcept between T2DM and DGP. Conclusions The pancreatic islet β-cell function of DGP was worse than NGT, IGT and T2DM, and the insulin resistance was stronger than NGT and IGT.
2005, 29(6): 264-266.
Abstract:
Objective Effect of all kinds of determined parameter (example for geometry seat, self-shield, container and thickness of wall of container, etc) on the apparent activity of 125I sealed seed source was briefly described in this paper, the optimal condition of measurement was established. Methods Iodine-125 sealed seed source is inserted erectly in the lml peaked bottom tube, and is determined with CRC-15 radioactive calibrator. Results The condition of measurement can affect the apparent activity value of 125I sealed seed source. Conclusions Theapparent activity measurement of 125I sealed seed source was exact under the optimal condition.
Objective Effect of all kinds of determined parameter (example for geometry seat, self-shield, container and thickness of wall of container, etc) on the apparent activity of 125I sealed seed source was briefly described in this paper, the optimal condition of measurement was established. Methods Iodine-125 sealed seed source is inserted erectly in the lml peaked bottom tube, and is determined with CRC-15 radioactive calibrator. Results The condition of measurement can affect the apparent activity value of 125I sealed seed source. Conclusions Theapparent activity measurement of 125I sealed seed source was exact under the optimal condition.
2005, 29(6): 267-268.
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of the 90Sr contact therapy with one-off large dose and multiple-time lower dose to keloid. Methods 270 cases were studied. 210 cases were treated with one-off large dose means, whereas 60 cases by multiple-time lower dose means. Results There is no distinct statistical difference on the clinic cure rate, effective rate and adverse reaction in both groups. Conclusions The 90Sr contact therapy is a simple, effective treatment of keloid with low expense and little time. It had good clinical value.
Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of the 90Sr contact therapy with one-off large dose and multiple-time lower dose to keloid. Methods 270 cases were studied. 210 cases were treated with one-off large dose means, whereas 60 cases by multiple-time lower dose means. Results There is no distinct statistical difference on the clinic cure rate, effective rate and adverse reaction in both groups. Conclusions The 90Sr contact therapy is a simple, effective treatment of keloid with low expense and little time. It had good clinical value.
2005, 29(6): 269-271.
Abstract:
Gap junctions, composed of connexin protein subunits, provide the important channel for the intercellular communication. Connexin43, the most popular component of the connexin protein family, is widely expressed in multiple tissues and cell lines and plays an important role in cell proliferation, differention and tissue homeostasis. Recently it was reported that the expression of connexin43 gene is remarkedly up-regulated by low dose ionizing radiation, the available data suggest connexin43 gene to be a poten-tial sensitive bio-marker in radiation damage.
Gap junctions, composed of connexin protein subunits, provide the important channel for the intercellular communication. Connexin43, the most popular component of the connexin protein family, is widely expressed in multiple tissues and cell lines and plays an important role in cell proliferation, differention and tissue homeostasis. Recently it was reported that the expression of connexin43 gene is remarkedly up-regulated by low dose ionizing radiation, the available data suggest connexin43 gene to be a poten-tial sensitive bio-marker in radiation damage.
2005, 29(6): 272-278.
Abstract:
Recommendations based on radiation dose and physiologic response are made for treatment of the hematopoietic syndrome. Therapy includes treatment with hematopoietic cytokines, blood transfusion, and stem-cell transplantation in selected cases. Additional medical management based on the evolution of clinical signs and symptoms includes the use of antimicrobial agents (quinolones, antiviral therapy, and antifungal agents), antiemetic agents, and analgesic agents. Because of the strong psychological impact of a possible radiation exposure, psychosocial support will be required for those exposed, regardless of the dose, as well as for family and friends. Treatment of pregnant women must account for risk to the fetus. For terrorist or accidental events involving exposure to radioiodines, prophylaxis against malignant disease of the thyroid is also recommended, particularly for children and adolescents.
Recommendations based on radiation dose and physiologic response are made for treatment of the hematopoietic syndrome. Therapy includes treatment with hematopoietic cytokines, blood transfusion, and stem-cell transplantation in selected cases. Additional medical management based on the evolution of clinical signs and symptoms includes the use of antimicrobial agents (quinolones, antiviral therapy, and antifungal agents), antiemetic agents, and analgesic agents. Because of the strong psychological impact of a possible radiation exposure, psychosocial support will be required for those exposed, regardless of the dose, as well as for family and friends. Treatment of pregnant women must account for risk to the fetus. For terrorist or accidental events involving exposure to radioiodines, prophylaxis against malignant disease of the thyroid is also recommended, particularly for children and adolescents.
2005, 29(6): 278-281.
Abstract:
Prostaglandins is a family of eicosanoids, which have many biological functions. Cyclooxygenase is the key enzyme of the prostaglandins' biosynthesis and it has two isoforms:COX-1 and COX-2. Many researchs indicate that prostaglandins and cyclooxygenase play positive protective role in gastrointestinal tract. In this review, the role of prostaglandins and cyclooxygenase in radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury, as well as their biochemistry and physiology is summarized.
Prostaglandins is a family of eicosanoids, which have many biological functions. Cyclooxygenase is the key enzyme of the prostaglandins' biosynthesis and it has two isoforms:COX-1 and COX-2. Many researchs indicate that prostaglandins and cyclooxygenase play positive protective role in gastrointestinal tract. In this review, the role of prostaglandins and cyclooxygenase in radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury, as well as their biochemistry and physiology is summarized.
2005, 29(6): 282-286.
Abstract:
During the procedure of radiotherapy, parts of normal lung tissue will be exposed inevitably, which can cause acute and chronic radiation-induced lung injure (irradiation-induced pneumonia and irradiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis). Radiation-induced lung injure effect quality of life of the patient deeply and the lung is the major dose-limiting organ for radiotherapy of cancer in the thoracic region. Therefore, it is very important to research the pathogenesis of radiation-induced lung injure, which can give us some directions to prevent and/or treat irradiation-induced pulmonary damage.
During the procedure of radiotherapy, parts of normal lung tissue will be exposed inevitably, which can cause acute and chronic radiation-induced lung injure (irradiation-induced pneumonia and irradiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis). Radiation-induced lung injure effect quality of life of the patient deeply and the lung is the major dose-limiting organ for radiotherapy of cancer in the thoracic region. Therefore, it is very important to research the pathogenesis of radiation-induced lung injure, which can give us some directions to prevent and/or treat irradiation-induced pulmonary damage.
2005, 29(6): 286-289.
Abstract:
The premature chromosome condensation technique has been applied for biological dosimetry purpose. Premature chromo-some condensation was induced by incubating unstimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes in the presence of okadaic acid or calyculin A (a phosphatase inhibitor) which eliminated the need for fusion with mitotic cells. It is now possible to examine the early damage induced by radiation. It is simple, exact when it combines with fluorescence in situ hybridization.
The premature chromosome condensation technique has been applied for biological dosimetry purpose. Premature chromo-some condensation was induced by incubating unstimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes in the presence of okadaic acid or calyculin A (a phosphatase inhibitor) which eliminated the need for fusion with mitotic cells. It is now possible to examine the early damage induced by radiation. It is simple, exact when it combines with fluorescence in situ hybridization.
2005, 29(6): 289-292.
Abstract:
Hyperbaric oxygenation could inhabit the growth and progression of malignant tumor. It could increase the oxygen delivery to tumors and induce cell cycle synchronization of tumor cells. As a safety and effective radiosensitive protocol, it can be used with radiation therapy to enhance the efficacy of clinical treatments. At the same time, hyperbaric oxygenation was also a main treatment of late radiation injuries. But its prophylactic effect on radiation complications requires further studies.
Hyperbaric oxygenation could inhabit the growth and progression of malignant tumor. It could increase the oxygen delivery to tumors and induce cell cycle synchronization of tumor cells. As a safety and effective radiosensitive protocol, it can be used with radiation therapy to enhance the efficacy of clinical treatments. At the same time, hyperbaric oxygenation was also a main treatment of late radiation injuries. But its prophylactic effect on radiation complications requires further studies.
2005, 29(6): 292-297.
Abstract:
During long-time radiation working practice, there have been established comprehensive radiation hygiene system of technique and regulation in Russian navy. Brief introduction about radiation hygiene in Russian navy are as follows.
During long-time radiation working practice, there have been established comprehensive radiation hygiene system of technique and regulation in Russian navy. Brief introduction about radiation hygiene in Russian navy are as follows.
2005, 29(6): 297-300.
Abstract:
The hazards of subsequent-radiation produced by high-energy accelerator must be no ignore. The principle of induced radioactivity and the hazards to the people were introduced in this article. The radiation levels around the treatment head and in the air of the treatment room were discussed thor-oughly.Some effects of the induced radioactivity were also mentioned. At last, the article talks about some problems in present researches and some directions for the following study.
The hazards of subsequent-radiation produced by high-energy accelerator must be no ignore. The principle of induced radioactivity and the hazards to the people were introduced in this article. The radiation levels around the treatment head and in the air of the treatment room were discussed thor-oughly.Some effects of the induced radioactivity were also mentioned. At last, the article talks about some problems in present researches and some directions for the following study.
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