2004 Vol. 28, No. 3
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2004, 28(3): 97-100.
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Abstract:
Many clinical trials have proven nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging may take a key role in diagnoses, risk stratification and management of coronary artery disease. These values of myocardial perfusion imaging have been stressed in the guidelines of ACC/AHA about coronary artery disease and nuclear cardiology. The appropreciate use of myocardial perfusion imaging may increase our ability of managing with coronary disease and better utilization of medical resources in China.
Many clinical trials have proven nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging may take a key role in diagnoses, risk stratification and management of coronary artery disease. These values of myocardial perfusion imaging have been stressed in the guidelines of ACC/AHA about coronary artery disease and nuclear cardiology. The appropreciate use of myocardial perfusion imaging may increase our ability of managing with coronary disease and better utilization of medical resources in China.
2004, 28(3): 101-105.
Abstract:
Using the combination of the myocardial perfusion and poststress ejection fraction(EF) by the gated myocardial SPECT in the risk stratification for the patients who had coronary artery diseases to assess the risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction versus cardiac death can assist in determining the appropri-ate treatment strategy for the individual patient. With EF≥30% and SDS(summed difference score)>7, the patients who are at intermediate or higher risk of cardiac death might benefit more from revasculariza-tion; patients with SDS 2~7 and EF>50% are at low risk and aggressive medical therapy might be pre-ferred; while those with EF 30%~50% are at intermediate risk and might benefit more from early invasive strategy in conjunction with medical therapy; and the patients with no evidence of ischemia on perfusion imaging, who have very low risk of cardiac death and therefore, might benefit more from initial medical therapy.
Using the combination of the myocardial perfusion and poststress ejection fraction(EF) by the gated myocardial SPECT in the risk stratification for the patients who had coronary artery diseases to assess the risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction versus cardiac death can assist in determining the appropri-ate treatment strategy for the individual patient. With EF≥30% and SDS(summed difference score)>7, the patients who are at intermediate or higher risk of cardiac death might benefit more from revasculariza-tion; patients with SDS 2~7 and EF>50% are at low risk and aggressive medical therapy might be pre-ferred; while those with EF 30%~50% are at intermediate risk and might benefit more from early invasive strategy in conjunction with medical therapy; and the patients with no evidence of ischemia on perfusion imaging, who have very low risk of cardiac death and therefore, might benefit more from initial medical therapy.
The study of SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging in detecting myocardial ischemia of diabetic patient
2004, 28(3): 105-108.
Abstract:
The morbidity of diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease(CAD)is gradually in-creasing. diabetes mellitus can improve the danger of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, es-pecially CAD. Up to 75% of all deaths among diabetes can be directly attributed to CAD. SPECT myocar-dial perfusion imaging is valuable in early detecting latent myocardial ischemia, and effec-tively risk-stratifiying diabetic patients. The results of myocardial perfusion imaging can evaluate prognosis and curative effect, and provide important evidence for clinical therapeutic strategy.
The morbidity of diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease(CAD)is gradually in-creasing. diabetes mellitus can improve the danger of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, es-pecially CAD. Up to 75% of all deaths among diabetes can be directly attributed to CAD. SPECT myocar-dial perfusion imaging is valuable in early detecting latent myocardial ischemia, and effec-tively risk-stratifiying diabetic patients. The results of myocardial perfusion imaging can evaluate prognosis and curative effect, and provide important evidence for clinical therapeutic strategy.
2004, 28(3): 109-113.
Abstract:
The available detecting methods such as X-ray angiography, IVUS, OCT, B-Mode ultrasound, EBCT, MRI, thermometry all have their special value in displaying vascular constriction, thickening and plaque volume when used in the diagnosis of atherosclerotic plaque. The extensive application on clinic is limited because of either the invasive feature, or the limitation that only can displaying calcification, or the method, which can't reveal the early stage lesion characterized by metabolism disorder. The imaging using the nuclide labeled substance participating in atherosclerosis can reveal plaque components and metabolism status precisely and quantificationally, which brings in promise of noninvasively displaying atherosclerotic plaque, and has expansive application foreground in disease screening, therapeutic decision-making, effect observation and follow-up study.
The available detecting methods such as X-ray angiography, IVUS, OCT, B-Mode ultrasound, EBCT, MRI, thermometry all have their special value in displaying vascular constriction, thickening and plaque volume when used in the diagnosis of atherosclerotic plaque. The extensive application on clinic is limited because of either the invasive feature, or the limitation that only can displaying calcification, or the method, which can't reveal the early stage lesion characterized by metabolism disorder. The imaging using the nuclide labeled substance participating in atherosclerosis can reveal plaque components and metabolism status precisely and quantificationally, which brings in promise of noninvasively displaying atherosclerotic plaque, and has expansive application foreground in disease screening, therapeutic decision-making, effect observation and follow-up study.
2004, 28(3): 113-117.
Abstract:
Myocardial hypoxia imagings provide noninvasive approaches for the detection of myocardial ischemia, dedication of the potential role of hypoxia in development of angiogenesis and cardiomyopathy by the detection of balance of flow and oxygen consumption. Animal experiments and clinical trials show fluoromisonidazole and technetium-99m labeled nitroimidazoles and novel class hypoxia imaging markers have been developed for imaging of regional myocardial ischemia. The true clinical applications rely on future experimental and clinical studies.
Myocardial hypoxia imagings provide noninvasive approaches for the detection of myocardial ischemia, dedication of the potential role of hypoxia in development of angiogenesis and cardiomyopathy by the detection of balance of flow and oxygen consumption. Animal experiments and clinical trials show fluoromisonidazole and technetium-99m labeled nitroimidazoles and novel class hypoxia imaging markers have been developed for imaging of regional myocardial ischemia. The true clinical applications rely on future experimental and clinical studies.
2004, 28(3): 117-120.
Abstract:
Artifacts are a significant source of false positive of myocardial perfusion imaging. It is essential to recognize and understand various reasons of artifacts in myocardial perfusion imaging. The main artifacts of SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging include artifacts associated with instrumentation, artifacts caused by patient, artifacts due to image process and artifacts related to non-coronary artery disease.
Artifacts are a significant source of false positive of myocardial perfusion imaging. It is essential to recognize and understand various reasons of artifacts in myocardial perfusion imaging. The main artifacts of SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging include artifacts associated with instrumentation, artifacts caused by patient, artifacts due to image process and artifacts related to non-coronary artery disease.
2004, 28(3): 121-127,145.
Abstract:
Biodosimetry has the advantages that can not be completely replaced by physical dosimetry. Its significance and scientific sense has aroused more attention of the radiobiologists in all over the world. It was showed that optimizing and correcting use of biodosimetry in any situa-tion should be set on the base of well understanding to what people used. The progression on the research and application of biodosimetry will be viewed and the criteria of practical biodosimetry will also be raised in the article.
Biodosimetry has the advantages that can not be completely replaced by physical dosimetry. Its significance and scientific sense has aroused more attention of the radiobiologists in all over the world. It was showed that optimizing and correcting use of biodosimetry in any situa-tion should be set on the base of well understanding to what people used. The progression on the research and application of biodosimetry will be viewed and the criteria of practical biodosimetry will also be raised in the article.
2004, 28(3): 128-132.
Abstract:
Effective dose assessment can be given even long after the irradiation exposure event by the method of EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) dosimetry, which has been developed into a lead-ing method for retrospective dosimetry of individual radiation exposure. The principle of EPR dosimetry is based on the fact that the concentration of radiation-induced radicals increases with irradiation dose. There is still some difficulty in the measurement of low dose at present, so further investigation on the effect fac-tors of the method is required in order to lower measure threshold, decrease error and optimize the method. Several major effect factors of measurement threshold and result uncertainty in EPR dosimetry have been analyzed and the corresponding correction methods for the factors were proposed.
Effective dose assessment can be given even long after the irradiation exposure event by the method of EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) dosimetry, which has been developed into a lead-ing method for retrospective dosimetry of individual radiation exposure. The principle of EPR dosimetry is based on the fact that the concentration of radiation-induced radicals increases with irradiation dose. There is still some difficulty in the measurement of low dose at present, so further investigation on the effect fac-tors of the method is required in order to lower measure threshold, decrease error and optimize the method. Several major effect factors of measurement threshold and result uncertainty in EPR dosimetry have been analyzed and the corresponding correction methods for the factors were proposed.
2004, 28(3): 132-135.
Abstract:
With the rapid development of interventional radiology over the last 20 years, the new techniques and image guidance tools have also acquired a continuous advance. A growing number of patients have benefited from their increasing application in clinic. Meanwhile, a close concern has been growing for high patient doses in the interventional radiology circle in many countries. Studies have been conducted on dosimetry and protection methods with multiple valuable suggestions.
With the rapid development of interventional radiology over the last 20 years, the new techniques and image guidance tools have also acquired a continuous advance. A growing number of patients have benefited from their increasing application in clinic. Meanwhile, a close concern has been growing for high patient doses in the interventional radiology circle in many countries. Studies have been conducted on dosimetry and protection methods with multiple valuable suggestions.
2004, 28(3): 135-138.
Abstract:
High-dose-rate (HDR) 192Ir source is a nuclide commonly used in the brachytherapy system. The basic dosimetry data of the near source area is usually measured by pin ion chambers or TLD techniques, but these methods have a lower spatial resolution than Electron spin resonance (ESR) dosimetry which has a spatial resolution of 156μm, and the Monte Carlo photon transport simulations are taken as the golden standard of those measures. The precision in two-dimensional dose distribution measured by GafChromic film is reported to be 1.0%. In vivo dosimetry using TLD during HDR intracavitary after-loading brachytherapy is a good predictor of late rectal complications. The accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Fricke-gel dosimetry for three-dimensional dose distribution is about 2.5% with a spatial resolution of 1.56mm. The optical computed tomography polymer gel dosimetry has a unique advance than MRI gel dosimetry.
High-dose-rate (HDR) 192Ir source is a nuclide commonly used in the brachytherapy system. The basic dosimetry data of the near source area is usually measured by pin ion chambers or TLD techniques, but these methods have a lower spatial resolution than Electron spin resonance (ESR) dosimetry which has a spatial resolution of 156μm, and the Monte Carlo photon transport simulations are taken as the golden standard of those measures. The precision in two-dimensional dose distribution measured by GafChromic film is reported to be 1.0%. In vivo dosimetry using TLD during HDR intracavitary after-loading brachytherapy is a good predictor of late rectal complications. The accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Fricke-gel dosimetry for three-dimensional dose distribution is about 2.5% with a spatial resolution of 1.56mm. The optical computed tomography polymer gel dosimetry has a unique advance than MRI gel dosimetry.
2004, 28(3): 139-142.
Abstract:
Hematopoietic system is a crisis organ of ionization radiation cxposure. Hemopoietic pro-genitor cells, hematopoietic stem cells, hematopoietic microenvironment etc. show dose related damage after irradiaton, consequently, hematopoietic function is destroyed.
Hematopoietic system is a crisis organ of ionization radiation cxposure. Hemopoietic pro-genitor cells, hematopoietic stem cells, hematopoietic microenvironment etc. show dose related damage after irradiaton, consequently, hematopoietic function is destroyed.
2004, 28(3): 142-144.
Abstract:
Transfusion is an important means for medical treatment, but it has many syn-dromes shch as transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease, it's occurrence rate of 5% and above 90% death-rate. Now many experts think the only proven method is using blood irradiator to prevent this disease. It can make lymphocyte of blood product inactive, so that it can't attack human body. Therefore, using irradiation blood is a trend, and blood irradiator may play an important role in medical field. This article summarized studys of blood irradiator application, including the meaning of blood irradiation, selection of the dose for blood irradiation and so on.
Transfusion is an important means for medical treatment, but it has many syn-dromes shch as transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease, it's occurrence rate of 5% and above 90% death-rate. Now many experts think the only proven method is using blood irradiator to prevent this disease. It can make lymphocyte of blood product inactive, so that it can't attack human body. Therefore, using irradiation blood is a trend, and blood irradiator may play an important role in medical field. This article summarized studys of blood irradiator application, including the meaning of blood irradiation, selection of the dose for blood irradiation and so on.
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