2004 Vol. 28, No. 2
Display Method:
2004, 28(2): 49-53.
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Abstract:
Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT)inline scanner combined with high performance PET and CT have been introduced to clinical in recent years. The application of PET/CT in oncology are rapid increasing. The addition of CT to PET offers many advantages, including ob, taining a fast and relatively accurate transmission map, shortening the duration of the examination, adding precise anatomical information to PET imaging, and providing additional diagnostic information. However, using CT for attenuation correction can led to some artifacts:quantitative measurements may be altered, high density IV and oral metallic objects may produce artifacts, and the registration of PET and CT may occasionally suboptimal. In head and neck tumor PET/CT offers particular potential advantages as well as abdomen and pelvic tumor. Even in the thorax, which the physical movement may produce unsatisfactory results, offers some advantages also. Preliminary results of PET/CT over PET or CT in oncology are very encouraging. It is clear the PET/CT fusion technology has an more and more impact on both diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of patient management.
Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT)inline scanner combined with high performance PET and CT have been introduced to clinical in recent years. The application of PET/CT in oncology are rapid increasing. The addition of CT to PET offers many advantages, including ob, taining a fast and relatively accurate transmission map, shortening the duration of the examination, adding precise anatomical information to PET imaging, and providing additional diagnostic information. However, using CT for attenuation correction can led to some artifacts:quantitative measurements may be altered, high density IV and oral metallic objects may produce artifacts, and the registration of PET and CT may occasionally suboptimal. In head and neck tumor PET/CT offers particular potential advantages as well as abdomen and pelvic tumor. Even in the thorax, which the physical movement may produce unsatisfactory results, offers some advantages also. Preliminary results of PET/CT over PET or CT in oncology are very encouraging. It is clear the PET/CT fusion technology has an more and more impact on both diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of patient management.
2004, 28(2): 53-56.
Abstract:
The 18F-FDG PET has been used extensively in the diagnosis and staging of several types of malignancies. In general, standardized uptake values (SUV)in single time point imaging has been used for separating malignant from benign lesions, nevertheless there is considerable overlap be, tween SUV of them, thereby limiting specificity of this method. According to various cell types exhibit varying rates of 18F-FDG uptake, performing dual time point imaging (scan 1 and scan 2)appears to be useful in differentiating malignant from benign lesions. This protocol is a simple and practical method with high sensitivity, high specificity and good accuracy for detection of malignant lesions.
The 18F-FDG PET has been used extensively in the diagnosis and staging of several types of malignancies. In general, standardized uptake values (SUV)in single time point imaging has been used for separating malignant from benign lesions, nevertheless there is considerable overlap be, tween SUV of them, thereby limiting specificity of this method. According to various cell types exhibit varying rates of 18F-FDG uptake, performing dual time point imaging (scan 1 and scan 2)appears to be useful in differentiating malignant from benign lesions. This protocol is a simple and practical method with high sensitivity, high specificity and good accuracy for detection of malignant lesions.
2004, 28(2): 56-59.
Abstract:
Mounts of materials of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI)have been accumulated in the diagnosis, risk stratification and prognosis of coronary artery disease (CAD), and MPI takes a key role in the management of coronary artery disease. The guidelines of American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association related to CAD have stressed the value of MPI. The appreciate utiliza-tion of MPI could improve our diagnosis and management of CAD, and this is crucial and critical in China at present.
Mounts of materials of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI)have been accumulated in the diagnosis, risk stratification and prognosis of coronary artery disease (CAD), and MPI takes a key role in the management of coronary artery disease. The guidelines of American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association related to CAD have stressed the value of MPI. The appreciate utiliza-tion of MPI could improve our diagnosis and management of CAD, and this is crucial and critical in China at present.
2004, 28(2): 60-63.
Abstract:
Epilepsy is a common disease and temporal lope epilepsy is the most common. It has a key role for the accurate presurgical lateralization and localization of epileptogenic cortical areas in the success of cortical resection for intractable epilepsy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)is a significantly useful tool for the diagnosis of part of epilepsy, especially combined with electroen-cephalograph (EEG)and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). As for the negative patients with intractable epilepsy diagnosed by MRI, positron emission tomography (PET)can assist lateralization and localization of epileptogenic focus.
Epilepsy is a common disease and temporal lope epilepsy is the most common. It has a key role for the accurate presurgical lateralization and localization of epileptogenic cortical areas in the success of cortical resection for intractable epilepsy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)is a significantly useful tool for the diagnosis of part of epilepsy, especially combined with electroen-cephalograph (EEG)and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). As for the negative patients with intractable epilepsy diagnosed by MRI, positron emission tomography (PET)can assist lateralization and localization of epileptogenic focus.
2004, 28(2): 63-66.
Abstract:
3'-deoxy-3'-18F-fluorothymidine (18F-FLT)is a promising tracer derived from thymidine. Accumulation of 18F-FLT is dependent on cellular thymidine kinase-1 (TK-1)activity. This enzyme is functional only in cells undergoing DNA replication during the S phase of the cell cycle.18F-fluorothymidine PET thus be able to image of cell proliferation in vivo for diagnosis, staging and monitoring of treatment re-sponse. Its advancements in basic and clinical studies will be reviewed in this article.
3'-deoxy-3'-18F-fluorothymidine (18F-FLT)is a promising tracer derived from thymidine. Accumulation of 18F-FLT is dependent on cellular thymidine kinase-1 (TK-1)activity. This enzyme is functional only in cells undergoing DNA replication during the S phase of the cell cycle.18F-fluorothymidine PET thus be able to image of cell proliferation in vivo for diagnosis, staging and monitoring of treatment re-sponse. Its advancements in basic and clinical studies will be reviewed in this article.
2004, 28(2): 67-70.
Abstract:
Internal dosimetry has been used to describe the distribution of radiopharmaceutical radioactive energy deposited in tissue during the course of metabolism and its determination. With the improving reconstruction techniques, SPECT image will present the more precise spatial and temporal data on three-dimension for internal dosimetry scheme, which is evolving from population- and organ, average to patient-specific dose estimation.
Internal dosimetry has been used to describe the distribution of radiopharmaceutical radioactive energy deposited in tissue during the course of metabolism and its determination. With the improving reconstruction techniques, SPECT image will present the more precise spatial and temporal data on three-dimension for internal dosimetry scheme, which is evolving from population- and organ, average to patient-specific dose estimation.
2004, 28(2): 70-73.
Abstract:
Three therapy options including antithyroid drugs, surgery and radioiodine are available for Graves' hyperthyroidism in childhood and adolescence. Nearly 60 years practice has proven that radioiodine is safe and effective and should be the first, line therapy.
Three therapy options including antithyroid drugs, surgery and radioiodine are available for Graves' hyperthyroidism in childhood and adolescence. Nearly 60 years practice has proven that radioiodine is safe and effective and should be the first, line therapy.
2004, 28(2): 74-77.
Abstract:
We describe two systems that make use of gene, directed enzyme prodrug therapy, regulated by radiation or hypoxic, responsive promoters. The use of treatment-, condition- or tumor-specific promoters to control gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy is one such method for targeting gene expression to the tumor. The development of such strategies that achieve tumor targeted expression of genes via selective promoters will enable improved specificity and targeting thereby addressing one of the major limitations of cancer gene therapy.
We describe two systems that make use of gene, directed enzyme prodrug therapy, regulated by radiation or hypoxic, responsive promoters. The use of treatment-, condition- or tumor-specific promoters to control gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy is one such method for targeting gene expression to the tumor. The development of such strategies that achieve tumor targeted expression of genes via selective promoters will enable improved specificity and targeting thereby addressing one of the major limitations of cancer gene therapy.
2004, 28(2): 78-81.
Abstract:
The mitochondria plays a very important role in sustaining the normal physiological function, because it is the center of energy making and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)is the only genetic material outside the nuclear. The result of studies showed that many diseases have a close relationship with mtDNA mutation and deletion. This article reviewed the current status of research on mtDNA with tumor, radiation biological effects and aging, in order to initiate the application study of mtDNA in the cir-cle of radiation medicine.
The mitochondria plays a very important role in sustaining the normal physiological function, because it is the center of energy making and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)is the only genetic material outside the nuclear. The result of studies showed that many diseases have a close relationship with mtDNA mutation and deletion. This article reviewed the current status of research on mtDNA with tumor, radiation biological effects and aging, in order to initiate the application study of mtDNA in the cir-cle of radiation medicine.
2004, 28(2): 82-85.
Abstract:
In low dose region, adverse effects could be induced by ionizing radiation. These effects are unpredictable from high-dose experiments or inexplicable with available radiobiological theories. There are mainly three aspects for these. First, adaptive response (AR)induced by several cGy irradiation. Second, low-dose hyperradiosensitivity (HRS). The dose is generally between 0.2-0.5Gy. Third, bystander effect (BE)induced in unirradiated neighboring cells.
In low dose region, adverse effects could be induced by ionizing radiation. These effects are unpredictable from high-dose experiments or inexplicable with available radiobiological theories. There are mainly three aspects for these. First, adaptive response (AR)induced by several cGy irradiation. Second, low-dose hyperradiosensitivity (HRS). The dose is generally between 0.2-0.5Gy. Third, bystander effect (BE)induced in unirradiated neighboring cells.
2004, 28(2): 86-89.
Abstract:
The Chernobyl nuclear station accident is the unprecedented catastrophic accident in human nuclear industry with a large of quantity of radioactive nucleons resulting in contamination in many countries of the Northern Hemisphere. After almost 20 years studying, it is approved that Belarus is the most serious affected country by the accident. Eespecially thyroid carcinomas in the people exposed to radioactive fall, out is considered to be the only one late radiation effect. RET gene in the happening of thyroid carcinomas is being paid close attention at present.
The Chernobyl nuclear station accident is the unprecedented catastrophic accident in human nuclear industry with a large of quantity of radioactive nucleons resulting in contamination in many countries of the Northern Hemisphere. After almost 20 years studying, it is approved that Belarus is the most serious affected country by the accident. Eespecially thyroid carcinomas in the people exposed to radioactive fall, out is considered to be the only one late radiation effect. RET gene in the happening of thyroid carcinomas is being paid close attention at present.
2004, 28(2): 90-93.
Abstract:
To induce cell apoptosis with ionizing radiation becomes an important method in treating tumor now. The correlation between cell apoptosis (a kind of active cell death)and the inducing of ionizing radiation becomes more and more specific. The character of cell apoptosis in-duced by ionizing radiation is related with cell membrane's change. Cell apoptosis is related with radiation dose, radiation way and linear energy transfer (LET). The mechanism of cell apoptosis may include gene control, signal transduction, ion metabolizability, enzyme and protein. All of these make a complicated biological network.
To induce cell apoptosis with ionizing radiation becomes an important method in treating tumor now. The correlation between cell apoptosis (a kind of active cell death)and the inducing of ionizing radiation becomes more and more specific. The character of cell apoptosis in-duced by ionizing radiation is related with cell membrane's change. Cell apoptosis is related with radiation dose, radiation way and linear energy transfer (LET). The mechanism of cell apoptosis may include gene control, signal transduction, ion metabolizability, enzyme and protein. All of these make a complicated biological network.
2004, 28(2): 94-96.
Abstract:
Multiple brain metastasis is not easy to treat by neurosurgery due to scatter and multiple. Currently, with application of stereotactic gamma knife, it gradually becomes the primary method of multiple brain metastasis treament. The author mainly review mechanisms of stereotactic gamma knife treating MBM, factors of prognosis and new development of treatment.
Multiple brain metastasis is not easy to treat by neurosurgery due to scatter and multiple. Currently, with application of stereotactic gamma knife, it gradually becomes the primary method of multiple brain metastasis treament. The author mainly review mechanisms of stereotactic gamma knife treating MBM, factors of prognosis and new development of treatment.
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