Adverse effects of low dose ionizing radiation

In low dose region, adverse effects could be induced by ionizing radiation. These effects are unpredictable from high-dose experiments or inexplicable with available radiobiological theories. There are mainly three aspects for these. First, adaptive response (AR)induced by several cGy irradiation. Second, low-dose hyperradiosensitivity (HRS). The dose is generally between 0.2-0.5Gy. Third, bystander effect (BE)induced in unirradiated neighboring cells.