2003 Vol. 27, No. 4
Display Method:
2003, 27(4): 145-147.
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Abstract:
Restenosis after coronary angioplasty remains a common clinical problem.Even after the advent of stenting,the rate of restenosis is still to the order of 20%or even higher in certain patient subgroups.Treatment is difficult,particularly in case of diffuse restenosis within stent lumens.The current status of intracoronary radiotherapy or treatment of restenosis was summsrized.
Restenosis after coronary angioplasty remains a common clinical problem.Even after the advent of stenting,the rate of restenosis is still to the order of 20%or even higher in certain patient subgroups.Treatment is difficult,particularly in case of diffuse restenosis within stent lumens.The current status of intracoronary radiotherapy or treatment of restenosis was summsrized.
2003, 27(4): 148-150,161.
Abstract:
Radioimmunotherapy (RIT)has superiority in treatment of cancer.the application of high energy α emmiter,β emmiter,electron capture radioisotopes and anti-cancer target carriers bring an innovation of RIT drugs.In this paper,it describes in detail the advances in radionuclide for RIT in the therapy of cancer and introduces the radionuclides,compares their advantages and disadvantages,and finally discusses the problems,potential solutions and directions in developing of radionuclide for RIT.
Radioimmunotherapy (RIT)has superiority in treatment of cancer.the application of high energy α emmiter,β emmiter,electron capture radioisotopes and anti-cancer target carriers bring an innovation of RIT drugs.In this paper,it describes in detail the advances in radionuclide for RIT in the therapy of cancer and introduces the radionuclides,compares their advantages and disadvantages,and finally discusses the problems,potential solutions and directions in developing of radionuclide for RIT.
2003, 27(4): 151-153.
Abstract:
The use of radionuclide 188Re for bone metastases treatment,tumors radioimmunotherapy,receptor-targeted radiotherapy,intracavitary radiotherapy and intervention therapy were reviewed.The mechanism and advantage of 188Re for tumor treatment were simply introduced.
The use of radionuclide 188Re for bone metastases treatment,tumors radioimmunotherapy,receptor-targeted radiotherapy,intracavitary radiotherapy and intervention therapy were reviewed.The mechanism and advantage of 188Re for tumor treatment were simply introduced.
2003, 27(4): 154-156.
Abstract:
Pancreatic cancer is a comman disease that is seldom cured.Coventional therapy remaining dismal,immuno-radiotherapy may provide an immproved alternative for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.Because monoclonal antibody has a high specificity,radionuclide can retain enough high concentrations in tumor areas to kill tumor cells.But intact monoclonal antibody,due to their large size,shows poor defusion from the vasculature into and through the tumor,and it always induces a human anti-mouce.Geneticengineering antibody has led to a significant amount of research in radioim-munotherapy.It is essential to make improved progress for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Pancreatic cancer is a comman disease that is seldom cured.Coventional therapy remaining dismal,immuno-radiotherapy may provide an immproved alternative for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.Because monoclonal antibody has a high specificity,radionuclide can retain enough high concentrations in tumor areas to kill tumor cells.But intact monoclonal antibody,due to their large size,shows poor defusion from the vasculature into and through the tumor,and it always induces a human anti-mouce.Geneticengineering antibody has led to a significant amount of research in radioim-munotherapy.It is essential to make improved progress for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
2003, 27(4): 157-161.
Abstract:
Due to their small size,peptide molecules exhibit farourablepharmacokinetic characterstics,such as rapid uptake by target tissue and rapid blook clearance,which potentiallyallowes images to be acquired earlier following the administration of a radiolabeled peptide radiopharmaceutical.The challenge is to label bioactive peptide with radioisotop with high specific activity without impairing the biological properties of the peptides.Molecular engineering technique now permits synthesis of a wide range of biologically active peptides that carry chelating groups in their structure without their receptor binding properties,thus permitting a high specific activity product.This article briefly summarized current experiments and clinicalapplication of the radiopharmaceuticals based on small receptor-binding peptides.The basic characteristics and the application of diagnosis and therapy with thrombus,infection/inflammation,and tumors are mainly reviewed.
Due to their small size,peptide molecules exhibit farourablepharmacokinetic characterstics,such as rapid uptake by target tissue and rapid blook clearance,which potentiallyallowes images to be acquired earlier following the administration of a radiolabeled peptide radiopharmaceutical.The challenge is to label bioactive peptide with radioisotop with high specific activity without impairing the biological properties of the peptides.Molecular engineering technique now permits synthesis of a wide range of biologically active peptides that carry chelating groups in their structure without their receptor binding properties,thus permitting a high specific activity product.This article briefly summarized current experiments and clinicalapplication of the radiopharmaceuticals based on small receptor-binding peptides.The basic characteristics and the application of diagnosis and therapy with thrombus,infection/inflammation,and tumors are mainly reviewed.
2003, 27(4): 162-164.
Abstract:
Nuclear medicine imaging modalities,including 18F-FDG,99Tcm-MIBI,201Tl,radionuclide labeled antibody and other radioagent,had got certain value in detecting multiple myeloma.These methods were useful com plement of planar X photo,CT and MRI.Radionuclide scintigraphy can demonstrate the condition of whole body bone,stage of the disease and follow up the therapy result,but it needs other examinations to increase its diagnosis accuracy.
Nuclear medicine imaging modalities,including 18F-FDG,99Tcm-MIBI,201Tl,radionuclide labeled antibody and other radioagent,had got certain value in detecting multiple myeloma.These methods were useful com plement of planar X photo,CT and MRI.Radionuclide scintigraphy can demonstrate the condition of whole body bone,stage of the disease and follow up the therapy result,but it needs other examinations to increase its diagnosis accuracy.
2003, 27(4): 165-167.
Abstract:
One of the most important reasons that cause tumor is decrease or complete absence of apoptosis of tumor cells.Conversely successful anti-tumor therapy is correlated with the introduction of apoptosis into tumor cells.Radiola-beled annexin V is used to image in vivo the phosphatidylserine (PS)that explode on the outer surface of cell membrane after apoptosis so that apoptosis can be detected on the early stage.This imaging method can be introduced into the re-search of tumor in order to help direct the choose of tumor therapy,inspect the effect and evaluate the prognosis.
One of the most important reasons that cause tumor is decrease or complete absence of apoptosis of tumor cells.Conversely successful anti-tumor therapy is correlated with the introduction of apoptosis into tumor cells.Radiola-beled annexin V is used to image in vivo the phosphatidylserine (PS)that explode on the outer surface of cell membrane after apoptosis so that apoptosis can be detected on the early stage.This imaging method can be introduced into the re-search of tumor in order to help direct the choose of tumor therapy,inspect the effect and evaluate the prognosis.
2003, 27(4): 168-171.
Abstract:
Alterations in a variety of neurotransmitter systems have been identified in experimental models of epilepsy and in brain tissue from patients with intractable temporal lobe seizures.The availability of new high-affinity radioligands per-mits the study of some neuroreceptors in vivo with positron emission tomography (PET).Receptor imaging by PET offers distinctive advantages over the more established imaging methods,including improved chemical specificity and improved sensitivity in detecting changes in disease.Development of new PET methods for the study of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurotransmitter functions will offer unique opportunities in the study of epileptic mechanisms and the way to assess the ef-fect of antiepilepstics,which will bring light on complete overcome of epilepsy.
Alterations in a variety of neurotransmitter systems have been identified in experimental models of epilepsy and in brain tissue from patients with intractable temporal lobe seizures.The availability of new high-affinity radioligands per-mits the study of some neuroreceptors in vivo with positron emission tomography (PET).Receptor imaging by PET offers distinctive advantages over the more established imaging methods,including improved chemical specificity and improved sensitivity in detecting changes in disease.Development of new PET methods for the study of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurotransmitter functions will offer unique opportunities in the study of epileptic mechanisms and the way to assess the ef-fect of antiepilepstics,which will bring light on complete overcome of epilepsy.
2003, 27(4): 171-173.
Abstract:
Myocardial perfusion SPECT is a relative accurate uninvasive method of detecting coronary heart disease and ischemia myocardiopathy,which is traditionally using 99Tcm-MIBI、201Tl as well as 18F-FDG.Futher,in order to resolve the disadvantages of mono-isotope myocardial perfusion SPECT,more and more attention are payed to radiopharmaceuticals、method and application of dual-isotope myocardial perfusion SPECT and great achievement has been gotten.
Myocardial perfusion SPECT is a relative accurate uninvasive method of detecting coronary heart disease and ischemia myocardiopathy,which is traditionally using 99Tcm-MIBI、201Tl as well as 18F-FDG.Futher,in order to resolve the disadvantages of mono-isotope myocardial perfusion SPECT,more and more attention are payed to radiopharmaceuticals、method and application of dual-isotope myocardial perfusion SPECT and great achievement has been gotten.
2003, 27(4): 174-177.
Abstract:
Interventional radiology is a new technique in medical diagnosis and therapy.Based on the new computer technique and bioengineering material,it has gotten much progress.Though the patients can get a lot of benefits from this technique,scientists have noticed that the latency radiation risk of the patients.In some interventional radiological procedures,skin or lens injuries of the patients may be induced in non-optimized interventional radiology.Therefore,the scientists of radiation protection put their attention on the problem of the patient protection in the world.
Interventional radiology is a new technique in medical diagnosis and therapy.Based on the new computer technique and bioengineering material,it has gotten much progress.Though the patients can get a lot of benefits from this technique,scientists have noticed that the latency radiation risk of the patients.In some interventional radiological procedures,skin or lens injuries of the patients may be induced in non-optimized interventional radiology.Therefore,the scientists of radiation protection put their attention on the problem of the patient protection in the world.
2003, 27(4): 178-181.
Abstract:
Neutron radiation will exert seriously lesions on body and lead to acute radiation sickness (ARS).Neutron-induced ARS is characterized by complicated symptoms of gastrointestinal,high earlier death rate and lacking of specially therapeutic approaches.The primarily curable method is to treat patients with comprehensive means such as anti-infection,anti-bleeding and blood infusion,et.Cytokines can improve the hematopoietic functions of bone marrow.With the rapid development of the molecular biology and the emergence of cytokines such as recombinant human interleukin-11that could help the regeneration of the gastrointestinal mucosa,neutron-induced ARS will be treated with new methods.
Neutron radiation will exert seriously lesions on body and lead to acute radiation sickness (ARS).Neutron-induced ARS is characterized by complicated symptoms of gastrointestinal,high earlier death rate and lacking of specially therapeutic approaches.The primarily curable method is to treat patients with comprehensive means such as anti-infection,anti-bleeding and blood infusion,et.Cytokines can improve the hematopoietic functions of bone marrow.With the rapid development of the molecular biology and the emergence of cytokines such as recombinant human interleukin-11that could help the regeneration of the gastrointestinal mucosa,neutron-induced ARS will be treated with new methods.
2003, 27(4): 181-182,189.
Abstract:
Radiation esophagitis is a complication caused by radiation on esophagus cancer,chest,cephalic or cervical malignant tumors,whose occurrence and development are affected by many factors.Certain treatments can be taken,among which the reduction of radiation is the main step of prevention.
Radiation esophagitis is a complication caused by radiation on esophagus cancer,chest,cephalic or cervical malignant tumors,whose occurrence and development are affected by many factors.Certain treatments can be taken,among which the reduction of radiation is the main step of prevention.
2003, 27(4): 183-186.
Abstract:
VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)is important for tumor growth,local invasion and the distant metastasis.It provides important information about the biology and the clinical behavior of tumors undergoing radiotherapy.This review summarizing the present study reports and suggests: (1)Irradiation can induce VEGF expression in diverse tumor cell types. (2)VEGF can be as a predictive factor of response to radiotherapy.VEGF increases in tumors will be resistant to radiation therapy.Anti-VEGF strategies can be used in combination with radiation therapy,and it can increase the anti-tumor effects of radiation therapy.A classification of tumors according to their VEGF level before therapy can be used into designed individual treatment planning.
VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)is important for tumor growth,local invasion and the distant metastasis.It provides important information about the biology and the clinical behavior of tumors undergoing radiotherapy.This review summarizing the present study reports and suggests: (1)Irradiation can induce VEGF expression in diverse tumor cell types. (2)VEGF can be as a predictive factor of response to radiotherapy.VEGF increases in tumors will be resistant to radiation therapy.Anti-VEGF strategies can be used in combination with radiation therapy,and it can increase the anti-tumor effects of radiation therapy.A classification of tumors according to their VEGF level before therapy can be used into designed individual treatment planning.
2003, 27(4): 187-189.
Abstract:
Despite comprising only 2% of all examinations,CT contributed around 20% of the collective dose to the population from diagnostic imaging.An abdominal examination in an adult with an effective dose of 10mSv has been estimated to increase the lifetime risk of fatal cancer by 1 in 2000.Children are 10 times more sensitive to the effects of radiation than middleaged adults.Girls are more sensitive than boys.Variations in CT practice,ease of using,urgency in multislice CT,unawaring of the "uncoupling effect" in CT may be contributing to increasing in radiation dose.We must train.An awareness of emerging and the implied changes in practice,with revision of protocols to take account of advances.The "as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA)" principle applies just as much to CT as it does to conventional radiography.
Despite comprising only 2% of all examinations,CT contributed around 20% of the collective dose to the population from diagnostic imaging.An abdominal examination in an adult with an effective dose of 10mSv has been estimated to increase the lifetime risk of fatal cancer by 1 in 2000.Children are 10 times more sensitive to the effects of radiation than middleaged adults.Girls are more sensitive than boys.Variations in CT practice,ease of using,urgency in multislice CT,unawaring of the "uncoupling effect" in CT may be contributing to increasing in radiation dose.We must train.An awareness of emerging and the implied changes in practice,with revision of protocols to take account of advances.The "as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA)" principle applies just as much to CT as it does to conventional radiography.
2003, 27(4): 190-193.
Abstract:
The calculation of internal radiation dose is very important in radiation protection and evaluation.According to the dose coefficient method of ICRP,the problem of internal radiation dosage estimation has turned into how to estimate the intake.In general situations or in nuclear accidents,some methods of calculating the intake were recommended in the re-view.Some progresses in individual monitoring programs have also been introduced.
The calculation of internal radiation dose is very important in radiation protection and evaluation.According to the dose coefficient method of ICRP,the problem of internal radiation dosage estimation has turned into how to estimate the intake.In general situations or in nuclear accidents,some methods of calculating the intake were recommended in the re-view.Some progresses in individual monitoring programs have also been introduced.
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