2002 Vol. 26, No. 4
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2002, 26(4): 145-147.
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Abstract:
This paper is a report about VIIth Int.Workshop "Radiation Damage to DNA":gerneral survey,hot topics and recent progress.The focal points are as follows:low-energy electron,synchrotron application,DNA damage and re-pair,bystander effect and theoritical simulation.
This paper is a report about VIIth Int.Workshop "Radiation Damage to DNA":gerneral survey,hot topics and recent progress.The focal points are as follows:low-energy electron,synchrotron application,DNA damage and re-pair,bystander effect and theoritical simulation.
2002, 26(4): 148-151.
Abstract:
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor,which accounts for 10% of children's tumor.The prognosis is closely related with its clinical grading.And the diagnosis of imaging can provide valuable information for clinical treatment and follow-up.MIBG scintigraphy,somatostatin receptor scintigraphy,radioimmunoscintigraphy,bone scan and PET mainly show the functional status of tumor and its metastases;CT and MRI present more detailed and exact data in anatomy.Each modality has its specified character and works well when combined with each other.
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor,which accounts for 10% of children's tumor.The prognosis is closely related with its clinical grading.And the diagnosis of imaging can provide valuable information for clinical treatment and follow-up.MIBG scintigraphy,somatostatin receptor scintigraphy,radioimmunoscintigraphy,bone scan and PET mainly show the functional status of tumor and its metastases;CT and MRI present more detailed and exact data in anatomy.Each modality has its specified character and works well when combined with each other.
2002, 26(4): 152-155.
Abstract:
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)is the most common technique for the restenosis of coronary arteries.Restenosis,Which is an unsolved clinical problem occurs within 6 months in 40%~60% of all cases.At present,endovascular irradiation with radioistope is a promising method to overcome restenosis.This article mainly disscusses the mechanism,doses,animal and clinical experiments and safety of intravascular brachytherapy.It is a review of relatively recently developed field of this technique.
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)is the most common technique for the restenosis of coronary arteries.Restenosis,Which is an unsolved clinical problem occurs within 6 months in 40%~60% of all cases.At present,endovascular irradiation with radioistope is a promising method to overcome restenosis.This article mainly disscusses the mechanism,doses,animal and clinical experiments and safety of intravascular brachytherapy.It is a review of relatively recently developed field of this technique.
2002, 26(4): 156-158.
Abstract:
The evaluation of myocardial viability has become an important aspect of the diagnostic and prognostic work-up patients with ischemic cardiomypathy.Clinical studies have shown that 18F-FDG SPECT can accurately invested patients with viable myocardium.Some studies have compared 18F-FDG SPECT and FDG PET and reported a good agreement for the assessment of myocardial viability between these two techniques.
The evaluation of myocardial viability has become an important aspect of the diagnostic and prognostic work-up patients with ischemic cardiomypathy.Clinical studies have shown that 18F-FDG SPECT can accurately invested patients with viable myocardium.Some studies have compared 18F-FDG SPECT and FDG PET and reported a good agreement for the assessment of myocardial viability between these two techniques.
2002, 26(4): 159-162.
Abstract:
Brain perfusion SPECT is a functional and noninvasive neuroimaging technique that allow the investigation of physiological and physiopathological events in the human brain,including cerebral perfusion and function.Interventional rCBF imaging can also evaluate cerebrovascular reserve.In clinically,rCBF imaging play an important role in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of dementias,especially vascular and Alzheimer's dementia.If etiology of some types of dementias is determined so that it can be early diagnosed,treated and taken prevention;the partial patients with dementia can get recovery or remission.
Brain perfusion SPECT is a functional and noninvasive neuroimaging technique that allow the investigation of physiological and physiopathological events in the human brain,including cerebral perfusion and function.Interventional rCBF imaging can also evaluate cerebrovascular reserve.In clinically,rCBF imaging play an important role in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of dementias,especially vascular and Alzheimer's dementia.If etiology of some types of dementias is determined so that it can be early diagnosed,treated and taken prevention;the partial patients with dementia can get recovery or remission.
2002, 26(4): 163-164,168.
Abstract:
The classic therapy of metastatic well differented thyroid cancer is administration of 131I after subtotal thy-roectomy.The sodium/iodine symporter (NIS)mediates the active transport of iodine into thyroid cells,while the thy-roperoxidase (TPO)suppresses the out-flow of iodine from thyroid cells.As a result,a new potential approach has been develepted with co-transfection of NIS and TPO genes to thyroid cancer cells,which can enhance the results of radioio-dine.Retinoide is also useful to 131I therapy for it can induce non-differented thyroid cancer cells to well-differnted cells to increase radioiodine uptake.
The classic therapy of metastatic well differented thyroid cancer is administration of 131I after subtotal thy-roectomy.The sodium/iodine symporter (NIS)mediates the active transport of iodine into thyroid cells,while the thy-roperoxidase (TPO)suppresses the out-flow of iodine from thyroid cells.As a result,a new potential approach has been develepted with co-transfection of NIS and TPO genes to thyroid cancer cells,which can enhance the results of radioio-dine.Retinoide is also useful to 131I therapy for it can induce non-differented thyroid cancer cells to well-differnted cells to increase radioiodine uptake.
2002, 26(4): 165-168.
Abstract:
Sentinel lymph nodes (SLN)are regional lymph nodes first involved in metastatasis if lymphatic spread occurs.The SLN of solid tumor can be accurately identified by preoperative lymphoscintigraphy.Biopsy of the SLN is a highly precise,minimally invasive method of staging patients.The procedure may lead to a more justifiable approach to adjuvant therapy strategies with low complication.The SLN was identified in 80%~100% patients by lymphoscintigraphy. 99Tcm-sulfur colloid,99Tcm-colloidal albumin and 99Tcm-dextran has been the radiotracer for SLN mapping.Lymphoscintigraphy is a simple procedure that is well tolerated by patients.Until now,lymphoscintigraphy has been shown to effective for preop-erative lymphatic mapping and SLN localization in melanoma,breast cancer,and in other malignancies such as vulvar cancer.
Sentinel lymph nodes (SLN)are regional lymph nodes first involved in metastatasis if lymphatic spread occurs.The SLN of solid tumor can be accurately identified by preoperative lymphoscintigraphy.Biopsy of the SLN is a highly precise,minimally invasive method of staging patients.The procedure may lead to a more justifiable approach to adjuvant therapy strategies with low complication.The SLN was identified in 80%~100% patients by lymphoscintigraphy. 99Tcm-sulfur colloid,99Tcm-colloidal albumin and 99Tcm-dextran has been the radiotracer for SLN mapping.Lymphoscintigraphy is a simple procedure that is well tolerated by patients.Until now,lymphoscintigraphy has been shown to effective for preop-erative lymphatic mapping and SLN localization in melanoma,breast cancer,and in other malignancies such as vulvar cancer.
2002, 26(4): 169-172.
Abstract:
The genital tract is a complex anatomic region with overlapping endocrinologic,anatomic,and functional features.Nuclear medicine has value in examining functional aspects of reproductive and sexual function,ranging from testicular or cavernosal perfusion in the male,to fallopian tube transport in the female.Blood pool imaging has been helpful in detecting subclinical varicoceles.Proper understanding of the role that these tests play is important for their success and credibility.
The genital tract is a complex anatomic region with overlapping endocrinologic,anatomic,and functional features.Nuclear medicine has value in examining functional aspects of reproductive and sexual function,ranging from testicular or cavernosal perfusion in the male,to fallopian tube transport in the female.Blood pool imaging has been helpful in detecting subclinical varicoceles.Proper understanding of the role that these tests play is important for their success and credibility.
2002, 26(4): 173-176.
Abstract:
Multidrug resistance is the main cause of chemotherapy failure,To detect multidrug resistance is helpful to develop chemotherapy regimens and more effective treatment of patients with tumors. 99Tcm-sestamibi is a transport sub-strate of mdr1-encoded P-glycoprotein and MRP.The lower 99Tcm-sestamibi accumulation indicates the higher expression of P-glycoprotein in tumor cells.It is also related to the expression of MRP.As a result,response to chemotherapy can be estimated before starting treatment by means of 99Tcm-sestamibi imaging and more effective protocol can be chosen.
Multidrug resistance is the main cause of chemotherapy failure,To detect multidrug resistance is helpful to develop chemotherapy regimens and more effective treatment of patients with tumors. 99Tcm-sestamibi is a transport sub-strate of mdr1-encoded P-glycoprotein and MRP.The lower 99Tcm-sestamibi accumulation indicates the higher expression of P-glycoprotein in tumor cells.It is also related to the expression of MRP.As a result,response to chemotherapy can be estimated before starting treatment by means of 99Tcm-sestamibi imaging and more effective protocol can be chosen.
2002, 26(4): 177-179.
Abstract:
The responses to ionizing radiation are complex and are regulated by a number of overlapping molecular pathways.One such stress-signaling pathway involves p53,which regulates the expression of over 100 genes already identified.It is also becoming increasingly apparent that the pattern of stress gene expression has some cell type specificity.It may be possible to exploit these differences in stress gene responsiveness as molecular markers through the use of a combined informatics and functional genomics approach.The techniques of microarray analysis potentially offer the opportunity to monitor changes in gene expression across the entire set of expressed genes in a cell or organism.It again highlights the importance of a cellular context to genotoxic stress responses;it also raises the prospect of expression pro-filing of cell lines,tissues,and tumors.Such profiles may have a predictive value in cancer therapy regimens,or identification of exposures to environmental toxins.
The responses to ionizing radiation are complex and are regulated by a number of overlapping molecular pathways.One such stress-signaling pathway involves p53,which regulates the expression of over 100 genes already identified.It is also becoming increasingly apparent that the pattern of stress gene expression has some cell type specificity.It may be possible to exploit these differences in stress gene responsiveness as molecular markers through the use of a combined informatics and functional genomics approach.The techniques of microarray analysis potentially offer the opportunity to monitor changes in gene expression across the entire set of expressed genes in a cell or organism.It again highlights the importance of a cellular context to genotoxic stress responses;it also raises the prospect of expression pro-filing of cell lines,tissues,and tumors.Such profiles may have a predictive value in cancer therapy regimens,or identification of exposures to environmental toxins.
2002, 26(4): 180-182.
Abstract:
The exposure of mammalian cells to X rays results in the prolongation of the cell cycle,including the delay or the arrest in G1,S and G2 phase.The major function of G1 arrest may be to eliminate the cells containing DNA damage and only occurs in the cells with wild type p53 function whereas G2 arrest following ionizing radiation has been shown to be important in protecting the cells from death and occurs in all cells regardless of p53 status.So the study on G2 phase arrest of the cell cycle induced by ionizing radiation has currently become a focus at radiobiological fields.
The exposure of mammalian cells to X rays results in the prolongation of the cell cycle,including the delay or the arrest in G1,S and G2 phase.The major function of G1 arrest may be to eliminate the cells containing DNA damage and only occurs in the cells with wild type p53 function whereas G2 arrest following ionizing radiation has been shown to be important in protecting the cells from death and occurs in all cells regardless of p53 status.So the study on G2 phase arrest of the cell cycle induced by ionizing radiation has currently become a focus at radiobiological fields.
2002, 26(4): 183-186.
Abstract:
The reliabie tumor control probability (TCP) model is fundamental to evaluate the effect of the protocol accurately in radiotherapy. In order to obtain the optimum TCP model, the parameters included in the model and the factors which can affect these parameters have been summarized.
The reliabie tumor control probability (TCP) model is fundamental to evaluate the effect of the protocol accurately in radiotherapy. In order to obtain the optimum TCP model, the parameters included in the model and the factors which can affect these parameters have been summarized.
2002, 26(4): 186-190.
Abstract:
The present review focuses on the current developments on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)on ret-rospective dosimetry in tooth enamel.Details are presented on elimination of background signal in low dose region,in vivo EPR measurement in tooth enamel and UV effects are also discussed.
The present review focuses on the current developments on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)on ret-rospective dosimetry in tooth enamel.Details are presented on elimination of background signal in low dose region,in vivo EPR measurement in tooth enamel and UV effects are also discussed.
2002, 26(4): 191-193.
Abstract:
Electromagnetic radiation and microwave exist mankind's environment widely.People realize they disserve our health when we make use of them.Electromagnetic radiation is one of the major physic factors which injure people's health.A review of the biologic mechanism about electromagnetic radiation and microwave,their harmful effects to human body,problems in our research and the prospect.
Electromagnetic radiation and microwave exist mankind's environment widely.People realize they disserve our health when we make use of them.Electromagnetic radiation is one of the major physic factors which injure people's health.A review of the biologic mechanism about electromagnetic radiation and microwave,their harmful effects to human body,problems in our research and the prospect.
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