Research progress of nuclide-labeled molecular probes targeting PSMA in the diagnosis and treatment of glioblastoma

Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a membrane antigen that is significantly expressed in prostate cancer cells. Due to its high expression level in prostate cancer and its metastases, it has become a prominent target for diagnostic imaging and therapeutic intervention of prostate cancer. PSMA has also been found to be expressed in a variety of tumors, including glioblastoma (GBM). Based on the high aggressiveness and treatment resistance of GBM, the exploration of its new therapeutic targets has been ongoing by researchers. The authors discusse the research progress of radionuclide labeled molecular probes targeting PSMA in the diagnosis and treatment of GBM from six aspects: the expression of PSMA in GBM, the application of PSMA PET imaging in diagnosis, recurrence monitoring, radiotherapy target delineation, prognosis evaluation, and the potential of radionuclide labeled PSMA ligand in the treatment of GBM. The authors point out that future research on targeted PSMA nuclide labeled molecular probes should explore its mechanism of action in the treatment of GBM, individualized treatment strategies and combined application with other therapeutic methods to improve the therapeutic effect.