Advances in the application of imaging examination in immune checkpoint inhibitors-associated myocarditis

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are widely used in cancer treatment, but their immune-related adverse events are receiving increasing attention. Among these adverse events, ICI-associated myocarditis is relatively rare, but the mortality rate is extremely high. Early diagnosis and intervention are beneficial for minimizing the cardiac toxicity of ICI, and then improving patients prognosis. The role of non-invasive imaging methods in the diagnosis of ICI-associated myocarditis is crucial. The authors aim to review the epidemiology of ICI-associated cardiotoxicity, the possible mechanisms, clinical manifestations, the diagnosis status, non-invasive imaging methods and research progress of ICI-associated myocarditis. Aiming to increase the clinician’s awareness of ICI-associated myocarditis and further undestanding the imaging methods for ICI-associated myocarditis.