Current status and research progress in the imaging diagnosis of ischaemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries

Ischaemia with non-obstructive coronaries arteries(INOCA) has a high morbidity. The atypical and diverse presentation of patients with chest pain, and its multiple endotypes have led to a high risk of being overlooked by patients themselves and clinicians. The pathogenesis of INOCA includes epicardial coronary artery spasm (CAS) and coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). Therefore, various diagnostic methods basically revolve around CAS and CMD. By diagnosing and analyzing its pathogenetic factors, the authors can ultimately achieve targeted treatment for patients with INOCA and improve their symptoms, quality of life and prognosis. This paper reviews the current status and research progress of diagnoses for INOCA to improve the clinician's knowledge of INOCA and in-depth understanding of INOCA related imaging diagnostic means.