Volume 46 Issue 6
Jun.  2022
Article Contents

Citation:

Diagnostic value of X-ray digital tomosynthesis imaging in subacromial impingement syndrome at supraspinatus exit position

  • Corresponding author: Xin Qi, bshhjqx@126.com
  • Received Date: 2021-01-13
  • Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of X-ray digital tomosynthesis (DTS) imaging in subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) at supraspinatus exit position. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on patients who were admitted to Bayannur Hospital from July 2017 to January 2020. The clinical and imaging data of 93 SIS patients with shoulder joint discomfort who were diagnosed by clinical physical examination and MRI examination were included. The participants included 56 males and 37 females, aged 30−77(55.4±8.2) years. All patients underwent digital radiography (DR) and DTS imaging within 7 days after MRI examination to determine whether acromioplasty or rotator cuff reconstruction was necessary. Nonparametric rank sum test was used to compare the morphological differences of acromion measured by three imaging methods, analysis of variance was used to compare the measured acromio-humeral interval (AHI), and least significant difference (LSD)-t test was used for further pairwise comparison. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of AHI measured by MRI, DTS and DR were calculated by the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve, and the AUCs were compared by Z test. Results MRI, DR, and DTS imaging methods had no significant difference in the results of acromion morphology examination in SIS patients (χ2=2.84, P>0.05). In the measurement of AHI in SIS patients, there was significant difference in AHI measured by MRI, DR and DTS ((8.37±1.21) mm vs. (8.91±1.50) mm vs. (8.66±1.25) mm, F=3.84, P<0.05). Pairwise comparison of the differences of AHI measured by three examination methods showed that the differences between MRI and DR were statistically significant (t=−2.69, P<0.05), but there were no significant difference between MRI and DTS, DR and DTS (t=−1.60, 1.24; both P>0.05). The sensitivity of MRI, DTS and DR in diagnosing AHI were 96.35%, 96.36% and 86.79% respectively, and the specificity were 72.44%, 58.28% and 54.73% respectively. The AUCs of AHI measured by MRI, DTS and DR were 0.906, 0.808 and 0.677 respectively, the 95%CI were 0.839−0.951, 0.727−0.874 and 0.586−0.760 respectively, and the difference between them was statistically significant (Z=3.01, P<0.05). Conclusion Supraspinatus exit position DTS is a relatively economical and practical imaging method for diagnosis of SIS, and it can be used as a screening method for patients with shoulder discomfort.
  • 加载中
  • [1] Consigliere P, Haddo O, Levy O, et al. Subacromial impingement syndrome: management challenges[J/OL]. Orthop Res Rev, 2018, 10: 83−91[2021-01-12]. https://www.dovepress.com/subacromial-impingement-syndrome-management-challenges-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-ORR. DOI: 10.2147/ORR.S157864.
    [2] Sasiponganan C, Dessouky R, Ashikyan O, et al. Subacromial impingement anatomy and its association with rotator cuff pathology in women: radiograph and MRI correlation, a retrospective evaluation[J]. Skeletal Radiol, 2019, 48(5): 781−790. DOI: 10.1007/s00256-018-3096-0.
    [3] Kesmezacar H, Akgun I, Ogut T, et al. The coracoacromial ligament: the morphology and relation to rotator cuff pathology[J]. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2008, 17(1): 182−188. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2007.05.015.
    [4] McCreesh KM, Crotty JM, Lewis JS. Acromiohumeral distance measurement in rotator cuff tendinopathy: is there a reliable, clinically applicable method? A systematic review[J]. Br J Sports Med, 2015, 49(5): 298−305. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2012-092063.
    [5] Kim SY, Weon JH, Jung DY, et al. Effect of the scapula-setting exercise on acromio-humeral distance and scapula muscle activity in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome[J]. Phys Ther Sport, 2019, 37: 99−104. DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.03.006.
    [6] Bhatia DN, DeBeer JF, du Toit DF. Association of a large lateral extension of the acromion with rotator cuff tears[J]. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2006, 88(8): 1889. DOI: 10.2106/00004623-200608000-00031.
    [7] de Dios Berna-Mestre J, Fernández C, Carbonell G, et al. Influence of acromial morphologic characteristics and acromioclavicular arthrosis on the effect of platelet-rich plasma on partial tears of the supraspinatus tendon[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2020, 215(4): 954−962. DOI: 10.2214/AJR.19.22331.
    [8] Romanucci G, Mercogliano S, Carucci E, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of resection margin in specimen radiography: digital breast tomosynthesis versus full-field digital mammography[J]. Radiol Med, 2021, 126(6): 768−773. DOI: 10.1007/s11547-021-01337-9.
    [9] Ha AS, Cunningham SX, Leung AS, et al. Weightbearing digital tomosynthesis of foot and ankle arthritis: comparison with radiography and simulated weightbearing CT in a prospective study[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2019, 212(1): 173−179. DOI: 10.2214/AJR.18.20072.
    [10] Xia W, Yin XR, Wu JT, et al. Comparative study of DTS and CT in the skeletal trauma imaging diagnosis evaluation and radiation dose[J]. Eur J Radiol, 2013, 82(2): e76−e80. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2012.09.008.
    [11] Pesquer L, Borghol S, Meyer P, et al. Multimodality imaging of subacromial impingement syndrome[J]. Skeletal Radiol, 2018, 47(7): 923−937. DOI: 10.1007/s00256-018-2875-y.
    [12] Hamid N, Omid R, Yamaguchi K, et al. Relationship of radiographic acromial characteristics and rotator cuff disease: a prospective investigation of clinical, radiographic, and sonographic findings[J]. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 2012, 21(10): 1289−1298. DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2011.09.028.
    [13] 张磊. 数字乳腺断层融合X线摄影诊断青年乳腺癌的可行性研究[J]. 临床医学, 2021, 41(3): 19−21. DOI: 10.19528/j.issn.1003-3548.2021.03.007.Zhang L. Value of digital breast tomosynthesis in the diagnosis of young breast cancer[J]. Clin Med, 2021, 41(3): 19−21. DOI: 10.19528/j.issn.1003-3548.2021.03.007.
    [14] 杜育杉, 吴政光, 朱琳, 等. 数字断层融合成像对新冠肺炎的诊断价值[J]. 罕少疾病杂志, 2020, 27(6): 1−3. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-3257.2020.06.001.Du YS, Wu ZG, Zhu L, et al. Diagnostic value of digital tomosynthesis in novel coronavirus pneumonia[J]. J Rare Uncommon Dis, 2020, 27(6): 1−3. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-3257.2020.06.001.
    [15] 程小杰, 刘纯宝, 周俊芬, 等. 骶骨功能不全性骨折的99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT影像特征[J]. 中国临床医学影像杂志, 2020, 31(2): 128−132. DOI: 10.12117/jccmi.2020.02.013.Cheng XJ, Liu CB, Zhou JF, et al. Imaging features of 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT in patients with sacrum insufficiency fracture[J]. J China Clin Med Imag, 2020, 31(2): 128−132. DOI: 10.12117/jccmi.2020.02.013.
    [16] Yoon TH, Choi CH, Kim SJ, et al. Attrition of rotator cuff without progression to tears during 2−5 years of conservative treatment for impingement syndrome[J]. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg, 2019, 139(3): 377−382. DOI: 10.1007/s00402-018-3065-z.
    [17] Larsson R, Bernhardsson S, Nordeman L. Effects of eccentric exercise in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J/OL]. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2019, 20(1): 446[2021-01-12]. https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-019-2796-5. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2796-5.
    [18] Viskontas DG, MacDermid JC, Drosdowech DS, et al. Reliability and comparison of acromion assessment techniques on X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (reliability of acromion assessment techniques)[J]. Can Assoc Radiol J, 2005, 56(4): 238−244.
    [19] Goutallier D, Le Guilloux P, Postel JM, et al. Acromio humeral distance less than six millimeter: its meaning in full-thickness rotator cuff tear[J/OL]. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res, 2011, 97(3): 246−251[2021-01-12]. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877056811000466?via%3Dihub. DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2011.01.010.
    [20] Tytherleigh-Strong G, Mulligan A, Babu S, et al. Digital tomography is an effective investigation for sternoclavicular joint pathology[J]. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol, 2019, 29(6): 1217−1221. DOI: 10.1007/s00590-019-02433-3.
  • 加载中
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索

Figures(2)

Article Metrics

Article views(4369) PDF downloads(8) Cited by()

Related
Proportional views

Diagnostic value of X-ray digital tomosynthesis imaging in subacromial impingement syndrome at supraspinatus exit position

    Corresponding author: Xin Qi, bshhjqx@126.com
  • Department of Medical Imaging, Bayannur Hospital, Bayannur 015002, China

Abstract:  Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of X-ray digital tomosynthesis (DTS) imaging in subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) at supraspinatus exit position. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on patients who were admitted to Bayannur Hospital from July 2017 to January 2020. The clinical and imaging data of 93 SIS patients with shoulder joint discomfort who were diagnosed by clinical physical examination and MRI examination were included. The participants included 56 males and 37 females, aged 30−77(55.4±8.2) years. All patients underwent digital radiography (DR) and DTS imaging within 7 days after MRI examination to determine whether acromioplasty or rotator cuff reconstruction was necessary. Nonparametric rank sum test was used to compare the morphological differences of acromion measured by three imaging methods, analysis of variance was used to compare the measured acromio-humeral interval (AHI), and least significant difference (LSD)-t test was used for further pairwise comparison. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of AHI measured by MRI, DTS and DR were calculated by the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve, and the AUCs were compared by Z test. Results MRI, DR, and DTS imaging methods had no significant difference in the results of acromion morphology examination in SIS patients (χ2=2.84, P>0.05). In the measurement of AHI in SIS patients, there was significant difference in AHI measured by MRI, DR and DTS ((8.37±1.21) mm vs. (8.91±1.50) mm vs. (8.66±1.25) mm, F=3.84, P<0.05). Pairwise comparison of the differences of AHI measured by three examination methods showed that the differences between MRI and DR were statistically significant (t=−2.69, P<0.05), but there were no significant difference between MRI and DTS, DR and DTS (t=−1.60, 1.24; both P>0.05). The sensitivity of MRI, DTS and DR in diagnosing AHI were 96.35%, 96.36% and 86.79% respectively, and the specificity were 72.44%, 58.28% and 54.73% respectively. The AUCs of AHI measured by MRI, DTS and DR were 0.906, 0.808 and 0.677 respectively, the 95%CI were 0.839−0.951, 0.727−0.874 and 0.586−0.760 respectively, and the difference between them was statistically significant (Z=3.01, P<0.05). Conclusion Supraspinatus exit position DTS is a relatively economical and practical imaging method for diagnosis of SIS, and it can be used as a screening method for patients with shoulder discomfort.

    HTML

  • 肩峰下撞击综合征(subacromial impingement syndrome, SIS)是引起肩关节不适的常见病因,临床症状一般表现为肩部疼痛或肩关节运动障碍,对患者的日常生活造成很大的影响[1]。引起肩关节不适的主要因素是肩袖损伤,除了肌腱血管化、年龄、吸烟、遗传易感性和过度使用等因素引起的肩袖本身软组织改变外,最重要的直接外在因素是肩峰形态的改变以及肩峰下间隙的变窄,且肩峰形态直接影响肩袖的损伤[2-3]。有研究结果显示,肩峰指数、肩峰倾斜度等都会导致肩峰下肌腱损伤,因此肩峰形态、肩峰下间隙的大小对SIS的诊断及预后具有至关重要的价值[4-5]

    虽然MRI(软组织分辨率高)和CT(可进行三维重建)在诊断肩关节疾病中的应用越来越广泛,但是也存在一些缺点。(1)患者行MRI及CT检查时,均采取仰卧位,解除了上肢向下牵拉的重力作用,缩短了肩-肱间距(肩峰和肱骨头之间的距离)(acromio-humeral interval,AHI),容易对SIS的诊断造成误差[6-7]。(2)MRI及CT检查的费用相对较高。(3)行MRI检查时,患者需要克服肩关节的不适长时间固定于线圈内,且CT的辐射剂量较大。综上,首诊无特殊指征的患者一般不建议使用MRI和CT。X线数字化断层融合(digital tomosynthesis,DTS)成像是在传统X线数字化摄影(digital radiography,DR)基础上增加了断层融合成像功能的影像学检查方法。相比于传统DR,DTS具有更高的清晰度和空间分辨率,不仅可以避免普通X线出口位的影像重叠干扰,使AHI的测量更精准,还可以清楚地观察肩峰形态[8-10]。本研究探讨了DTS在冈上肌出口位的SIS中的诊断价值,以评估其诊断效能。

  • 1.   资料与方法

      1.1.   一般资料

    • 回顾性分析2017年7月至2020年1月于巴彦淖尔市医院经临床查体、MRI检查确诊的93例SIS患者的临床资料和影像学资料,其中男性56例、女性37例,年龄30~77(55.4±8.2)岁。SIS患者纳入标准:(1)均伴有上臂外展、上抬疼痛以及压痛等临床症状;(2)肩峰撞击诱发试验和Neer撞击试验结果均为阳性;(3)Jobe's试验(又称倒罐子试验)、霍金斯-肯尼迪测试、疼痛弧试验中至少有2项结果为阳性[2,11];(4)MRI显示肩峰形态为Ⅰ~Ⅲ型,AHI≤10 mm,冈上肌腱形态信号改变(冈上肌腱近肱骨大结节止点1 cm处信号增高或连续性中断、体积缩小、脂肪浸润)。排除标准:有肩关节外伤、感染、肿瘤病史;有肩周炎、盂肱韧带损伤、单纯肩袖损伤等其他原因所致的肩关节疼痛。本研究获得了巴彦淖尔市医院伦理委员会的批准(批号为20180228004)。所有患者均于检查前签署了知情同意书。

    • 1.2.   影像学检查

    • 所有患者均在MRI检查后 7 d 内,为明确是否有行肩峰成形术或肩袖重建术的必要而行DR和DTS检查。MRI检查使用荷兰Philips公司Ingenia Ⅱ 3.0T MRI扫描仪。所有患者均选用4个MRI标准序列,即斜冠状面、横断面、斜矢状面的脂肪抑制质子密度加权成像(fat-suppression proton density weighted imaging,FS-PDWI)序列和斜冠状面T1WI序列。斜冠状面、横断面、斜矢状面的FS-PDWI序列扫描参数:重复时间/回波时间3600 ms/40 ms、视野16 cm×16 cm、脉冲重复激发次数3、层厚3 mm、层间距1 mm。斜冠状面T1WI序列扫描参数:重复时间/回波时间656 ms/20 ms、视野16 cm×16 cm、脉冲重复激发次数3、层厚3 mm、层间距1 mm。

      患者使用美国GE公司的Healthcare Discovery XR656 DR仪进行肩关节扫描,取站立后前位,掌心向前,前臂略向外展,身体与探测器夹角为50°~60°,中心线向足侧倾斜10°~15°,以肩关节处为中心线扫描。扫描参数:管电压70~75 kV、管电流200 mA、电流时间乘积10~15 mAs,可根据患者体型灵活程度调整,小焦点摄影,胶片距100 cm。

      患者使用美国GE公司的Healthcare Discovery XR656 DTS仪进行肩关节断层融合扫描,在接受DR扫描后保持体位不动,管球中心线对准肩峰,扫描参数:管电压70~80 kV、管电流200 mA、电流时间乘积3.2~4.0 mAs、投照角度±45°,连续拍摄40张断层图像。将原始图像传输至后处理工作站进行重建。

    • 1.3.   图像分析及定量数据采集

    • 采用Bigliani分类标准对肩峰形态进行分型[12]。Ⅰ型:肩峰平直;Ⅱ型:肩峰呈弧形,凸面向上,肩峰尖端向下弯曲;Ⅲ型:肩峰尖端呈钩形。肩峰下间隙大小的常用AHI来表示,即肩峰下骨皮质至肱骨头骨皮质与肱骨头上关节盂唇软骨交接部位(而不是软骨的模糊影)的距离。所有影像学资料均由2名具有5年以上工作经验的影像科医师进行分析、测量,意见不一致时协商解决。

    • 1.4.   统计学方法

    • 应用SPSS 23.0软件对数据进行统计学分析。计数资料以百分数表示,符合正态分布的计量资料以$\bar x $±s表示。不同检查方法测量的AHI间的差异的比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用最小显著差异法(LSD)-t检验(方差齐)。3种影像学检查方法测量的肩峰形态差异的比较采用非参数秩和检验。绘制ROC曲线,计算MRI、DTS、DR 3种影像学检查方法测量AHI的AUC、灵敏度和特异度,AUC的比较采用Z检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

    2.   结果

      2.1.   3种影像学检查结果的比较

    • MRI、DTS、DR 3种影像学检查方法对SIS患者肩峰形态检查结果的差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.84,P>0.05)。

      MRI、DR、DTS 测量AHI的差异有统计学意义[(8.37±1.21) mm对(8.91±1.50) mm对(8.66±1.25) mm,F=3.84,P=0.023)],两两比较结果显示,MRI与DR的差异有统计学意义(t=−2.69,P=0.008),而MRI与DTS、DR与DTS的差异均无统计学意义(t=−1.60,P=0.112;t=1.24,P=0.217)。典型SIS患者的MRI、DTS、DR测量AHI见图1

      Figure 1.  MRI, DTS, DR measurements of acromio-humeral interval in a patient (male, 58 years old) with type Ⅲ subacromial impingement syndrome

    • 2.2.   3种影像学检查方法测量SIS患者AHI 的ROC曲线

    • ROC曲线评估3种影像学检查方法测量SIS患者AHI的诊断效能结果如图2所示,MRI、DTS、DR的灵敏度分别为96.35%、96.36%、86.79%;特异度分别为72.44%、58.28%、54.73%;AUC分别为0.906、0.808、0.677,95%CI分别为0.839~0.951、0.727~0.874、0.586~0.760,三者的差异有统计学意义(Z=3.01,P=0.023)。

      Figure 2.  Receiver operator characteristic curves of acromio-humeral interval measured by MRI, DTS, and DR in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome

    3.   讨论
    • 目前国内DTS在乳腺、肺部病变的诊断及骨骼细微病变(如寰枢椎、骨折内固定术后骨痂)评估方面的报道较多,在SIS方面鲜有报道[13-15]。SIS发生的直接原因是肩峰下间隙的狭窄,肩峰角度的增加导致肩峰下间隙变窄、肩袖撕裂或损伤,而肩峰下间隙的狭窄则会导致喙肩肱与肱骨大结节反复摩擦,其间隙软组织频繁受机械性刺激,造成滑囊无菌性炎症及肩袖不同程度损伤,从而导致肩部不适或功能障碍[5, 16-17]。DTS具有更高的清晰度和空间分辨率,不仅可以避免普通X线出口位的骨骼结构重叠干扰,还可以清楚地观察到肩峰形态,显示软骨及骨皮质的分界,测量AHI更精准,尤其对于因疼痛导致不能完全配合DR检查的患者,DTS可以尽可能地规避骨骼重叠的影响。Viskontas等[18]选取了30例接受X线和MRI检查的SIS患者,结果显示,在肩峰外侧角和AHI等肩峰形态的评估技术中,2种检查均可准确评估肩峰形态,其诊断效能差异无统计学意义。本研究结果也显示,MRI与DR、DTS 对肩峰形态评估的差异无统计学意义。

      Goutallier等[19]报道,当AHI<6 mm时,肩袖损伤的危险系数增加,因此患肩的AHI对诊断SIS具有预测意义。本研究中的SIS患者均行MRI、DR、DTS 3种影像学检查,结果显示,3种检查方法测量的AHI之间的差异均有统计学意义,其中MRI与DR之间的差异有统计学意义,而MRI与DTS、DR与DTS之间的差异均无统计学意义,3种检查方法各有特点,数据差异性不明显,考虑与样本量少及测量误差有关。此外,本研究分析比较了 3 种影像学检查方法测量 AHI 的诊断效能及灵敏度、特异度,结果显示,三者比较差异有统计学意义,且MRI、DTS优于DR,可以得出相较于 DR,MRI、DTS 对 SIS 的诊断价值相对较高,这与 Tytherleigh-Strong等[20] 的研究结果一致。因此,MRI软组织分辨率高、多参数、多方位成像的特点在诊断SIS、显示肩峰形态、精确测量 AHI 方面具有领先优势[11],而DTS不仅可以弥补DR在显示肩关节整体结构方面的不足(如不能判断肱骨头是否有移位,是否有肩锁关节退变等其他伴随性病变),还可以规避DR骨质重叠对肩峰形态和AHI测量的干扰,精准测量AHI,因此,DTS在测量AHI方面达到了与MRI相媲美的效果。建议临床上对疑似SIS的患者行DTS 常规检查,难以确诊时可再行MRI检查,以发挥不同影像学检查方法的优势,达到尽早诊疗的目的[11]

      本研究存在一定的局限性:(1)AHI的测量及肩峰形态的评估存在一定的主观误差;(2)未进行关节镜手术验证;(3)样本量较少,未来期待增加样本量进行深入验证。总之,DTS是确诊SIS相对经济、实用的影像学检查方法,可以作为肩部不适患者的一种普查方法。各种影像学检查方法特点不同,灵活运用才能充分发挥各自的临床优势。

      利益冲突 所有作者声明无利益冲突

      作者贡献声明 周慧负责研究命题的设计、论文的撰写与修改;王学明负责研究命题的提出与设计;齐昕负责研究过程的实施、数据的获取与分析、最终版本的修订;杜娇负责研究方案的设计、最终版本的修订;王涛负责研究过程的实施、数据的获取与整理;史磊负责研究过程的实施

Reference (20)

Catalog

/

DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
Return
Return