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在核爆炸、核泄漏和其他核辐射事故以及医疗行为中,不恰当的放射治疗或意外暴露可导致放射性事故的发生[1-2]。包括脾、肝脏、胸腺、骨髓等造血器官和血液循环系统在内的造血系统对辐射刺激高度敏感,在放射性事故所致的辐射损伤中,虽然造血系统的损伤较早发生,但危害严重[3-5]。因此,开发安全有效的辐射防护药物用于减轻射线对机体正常组织器官的损伤效应一直是放射医学领域面临的重大任务。
目前临床应用于预防或治疗辐射损伤的药物主要包括氨磷汀、某些抗氧化剂、雌激素和半胱氨酸等,这些药物在辐照前后的及时应用在一定程度上缓解了受照者的辐射损伤综合征,改善了患者的生活质量[1, 6-7]。然而,这些药物因给药方式不便、疗效有限或不良反应较大等原因严重限制了其应用。我国传统中药方剂具有在发挥药效的同时能够调理身体机能、不良反应小的特点[8]。因此,寻找有益于辐射损伤修复的中药方剂对辐射损伤救治研究具有重要意义。藿香正气合剂为中医传统方剂藿香正气散的提取液,多用于暑湿感冒、脘腹胀痛、呕吐泄泻和霍乱中暑等疾病[9]。方剂包括藿香、紫苏叶、白芷、白术、陈皮、半夏、厚朴、茯苓、桔梗、甘草、大腹皮、大枣和生姜等,诸药协同,化湿利水,调和脾胃,共奏脾胃运化之功[10]。然而,藿香正气合剂是否可以通过调理造血系统功能修复受照机体的急性辐射综合征有待研究。本研究旨在以受照C57BL/6J小鼠构建γ射线诱导的造血系统损伤动物模型,探究藿香正气合剂对致造血系统损伤剂量(5 Gy)的γ射线全身照射小鼠的损伤防护作用,为深入研究藿香正气合剂用作临床辐射损伤防护药物的应用提供理论基础和实验依据。
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