Application progress of multiple imaging modalities in preoperative localization and diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism

The best management of hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is surgical treatment, accurate preoperative imaging localization is very important for operation. At present, there are many common preoperative localization methods for parathyroid surgery, including ultrasound, parathyroid radionuclide imaging, CT and MRI. Ultrasound, CT and MRI can show the location and anatomical relationship of neck lesions. Parathyroid radionuclide imaging can locate the parathyroid gland relatively specifically, but there are some limitations. The parathyroid gland is small in size and varied in number and position. The application of SPECT/CT, PET/CT, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, four-dimensional CT and four-dimensional MRI can further improve the sensitivity, accuracy and success rate of preoperative localization of parathyroid gland. The purpose of this paper is to introduce and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various imaging methods of parathyroid gland.