2021 Vol. 45, No. 6
Display Method:
2021, 45(6): -1--1.
[PDF 2973KB]
Abstract:
2021, 45(6): 0-0.
Abstract:
2021, 45(6): 341-343.
Abstract:
2021, 45(6): 411-411.
Abstract:
2021, 45(6): 344-347.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121381-202009027-00063
Abstract:
Objective Radiation doses to the general public and nuclear medicine technicians from patients undergoing 99Tcm-methylenediphosphonate(MDP) bone scintigraphy were estimated. Methods A total of 64 patients (38 males and 26 females, aged 24–82 (55.1±12.8) years) undergoing bone scintigraphy with 99Tcm-MDP were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Approximately at 15 minutes after injection of 99Tcm-MDP, whole-body dose-equivalent rate (DR) was measured with a radiation-survey meter at 0.3 meter and 1.0 meter from the patients with nuclear radiation monitoring detector. On the basis of the human social contact model defined by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements and human 99Tcm-MDP metabolic rate suggested by the International Commission of Radiological Protection, the radiation doses to the general public and the nuclear medicine technicians after exposure to patients undergoing 99Tcm-MDP bone scintigraphy were calculated. Results The whole-body DR values of 64 patients at 15 minutes after injection of 99Tcm-MDP were 70.8–154.2 (105.5 ± 20.9) and 15.9–32.7 (22.6±3.6) μSv/h, respectively, at 0.3 meter and 1.0 meter. The following radiation doses were estimated: to a family member contacting with a patient at daytime 13.3–27.4 (18.9±3.0) μSv; to a family member sleeping with a patient at night 78.2–170.3 (116.5±23.4) μSv, to a colleague 17.6–36.2 (25.0±4.0) μSv and to a adjacent passenger 219.9–478.8 (327.5±65.7) μSv. The radiation dose to a technician per 99Tcm-MDP imaging patient was estimated to be 3.9–8.5 (5.8±1.2) μSv. Conclusion The predicted radiation doses to the general public and technicians from exposure to patients undergoing 99Tcm-MDP bone scintigraphy are significantly lower than the regulatory dose limits.
2021, 45(6): 348-356.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121381-202005050-00068
Abstract:
Objective To compare the setup errors of breast cancer patients who received postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) with head/neck and shoulder thermoplastic mask and integral cervicothoracic mask. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 40 female breast cancer patients (median age 46 (29–68) years) who treated with PMRT in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College from June to December 2019. The supra/infraclavicular nodal region was irradiated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy technique and chest wall ± internal mammary chain were irradiated with electrons. A total of 271 cone beam CT (CBCT) images of the supra/infraclavicular nodal region were analyzed retrospectively. One hundred and twenty eight CBCT images were from 19 patients immobilized with head/neck and shoulder thermoplastic mask, and 143 CBCT images were from 21 patients immobilized with integral cervicothoracic thermoplastic mask. The setup errors of the two groups were analyzed, and the movement amplitude ΔX, ΔY, ΔZ and three-dimensional displacement d of acromioclavicular joint were measured. According to van Herk's formula, MPTV=2.5∑+0.7σ, the margin from clinical target volume to planning target volume (PTV) is calculated. According to whether body mass index (BMI)≥24 kg/m2, the patients were divided into two groups to analyze whether there was statistical difference of the setup errors. The differences were compared by independent sample t test. Results The translational setup errors of the supra/infraclavicular nodal region for head/neck and shoulder and integral cervicothoracic thermoplastic mask groups in the left–right, superior–inferior, and anterior–posterior directions were as follows: (1.78±2.40) mm and (2.26±1.91) mm (t=0.687, P=0.496); (2.88±2.44) mm and 2.29±1.89 mm (t=2.249, P=0.030); (2.48±1.79) mm and (1.66±2.00) mm (t=0.998, P=0.325), respectively; the rotational setup errors in the sagittal directions were (0.91±0.61)° and (0.67±0.53)°, and the difference was statistically significant (t=3.555, P=0.001). The arithmetic mean of movement amplitude of the acromioclavicular joint ( ΔX, ΔY, and ΔZ ) were 3.65, 4.61, 3.11 mm and 2.32, 1.97, 1.63 mm in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. The arithmetic mean of three-dimensional displacement d were 7.36 mm and 4.03 mm, respectively. The calculated PTV margin in the left–right, superior–inferior, and anterior–posterior directions with head/neck and shoulder and integral cervicothoracic mask groups were 6.1, 8.9, and 7.5 mm and 7.0, 7.0, and 5.5 mm, respectively. No significant difference was found between the BMI<24 and BMI≥24 kg/m2 groups in translation and rotation setup errors in the three directions (t=−1.103 to 0.938, all P>0.05). Conclusions The integral cervicothoracic mask system for patients who received PMRT in the supra/infraclavicular nodal region after the modified radical mastectomy provides smaller setup errors than the head and neck–shoulder thermoplastic mask system in the superior–inferior direction. This system also has remarkable body position fixation effects on the acromioclavicular region.
2021, 45(6): 357-363.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121381-202007003-00066
Abstract:
Objective To understand the level of medical and occupational exposures caused by CT examination in Hangzhou and provide basis for the establishment of CT diagnostic reference level. Methods CT equipment information and individual annual dose equivalent of radiation workers related to CT operation of 16 medical radiation protection monitoring point hospitals in Hangzhou in 2017 were collected from July to December 2018. Volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) of 2742 subjects were collected using the hospital image archiving and communication system. At the same time, CTDIvol and DLP of CT equipment of head CT standard dose phantom were measured with a CT long rod ionization chamber, and the difference between measured and displayed values was compared. Maximum, minimum, average, and quartile CTDIvol and DLP in children (<5, 5−<10, 10−<15 years group, 1158 cases in total) and adults (≥15 years group, 1584 cases in total) were calculated on the basis of survey data, and CTDIvol (P75) and DLP (P75) were compared with that of other countries. Kruskal–Wallis H test, a nonparametric approach, was used to compare groups. Results Forty sets of CT equipment were found in 16 hospitals of medical radiation protection monitoring points (imported equipment accounts for 92.5% (37/40)). Average individual annual dose equivalent of radiation workers in provincial, municipal, and county hospitals in Hangzhou was 0.12, 0.24, and 0.47 mSv, respectively. CTDIvol (P75) and DLP (P75) of head, chest, and abdomen in the children group were 48.8, 11.3, 13.1 mGy and 655.5, 269.2, 348.5 mGy·cm, respectively. CTDIvol (P75) and DLP (P75) of head, chest, and abdomen in the adult group were 54.8, 10.5, 12.9 mGy and 757.0, 308.0, 724.9 mGy·cm, respectively, and there were significant differences in CTDIvol (P75) and DLP (P75) between the two groups in different parts (χ2=4.998−39.529, all P<0.05). CTDIvol (head χ2=24.334, chest χ2=10.573, and abdomen χ2=22.723; all P<0.05) and DLP (head χ2=62.981, chest χ2=51.640, and abdomen χ2=57.983; all P<0.05) among age groups (<5, 5-<10, 10-<15 and ≥15 years) were statistically significant in the CT examination. CTDIvol and DLP ranges of the head, chest, and abdomen of children with CT in other countries were 20–40, 1.5–6.5, 2.5–6.0 mGy and 240–650, 12–115, 27–800 mGy·cm, respectively. CTDIvol and DLP ranges of the head, chest, and abdomen of adult CT subjects were 30–85, 9–22, 12–31 mGy and 935.6–1360, 346.5–610, 600–1325 mGy·cm, respectively. Compared with other countries, the CTDIvol(P75) and DLP (P75) of adult CT patients were at a lower level as a whole. However, CTDIvol (P75) and DLP (P75) were at a high level in children CT patients. Compared with other countries, the CTDIvol(P75) and DLP (P75) of adult CT patients were at a lower level as a whole. However, CTDIvol (P75) and DLP (P75) were at a high level in children CT patients. Conclusions The occupational exposure level of radiation workers caused by CT examination in Hangzhou meets the requirements of national standards. The medical exposure level of children with CT examination was higher than that of other countries.
2021, 45(6): 364-369.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121381-202104026-00065
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the effect of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) antagonist StemRegenin 1 (SR1) on the hematopoietic system injury of mice exposed to whole-body radiation. Methods Fifteen C57BL/6J mice were randomized block design to three groups (n=5) in a randomized block design as follows: control, 4 Gy, 4 Gy+SR1. Mice in the 4 Gy+SR1 group were administered SR1 (50 mg/kg) by gavage from 5 d before irradiation to 5 d after irradiation. All of the mice were sacrificed on the ninth day after 4 Gy γ-ray whole-body radiation. Peripheral blood and unilateral femoral cell were harvested and tested by an automatic hematology analyzer for white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC) and bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNC) counting. The number of colony-forming units-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) was counted to assess the proliferation of bone marrow cells, and a flow cytometer was used to analyze reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression of BNMC and hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). The proportion of immunocytes in peripheral blood was also checked. Student's t-test was applied to compare differences between two groups. Results Compared with those of the 4 Gy group, the WBC ((3.060±0.650)×109/mL vs. (4.680±1.134)×109/mL, t=2.770, P<0.05) and BMNC ((28.375±6.811)×109/mL vs. (49.125±12.532)×109/mL, t=3.231, P<0.05) counts of the 4 Gy+SR1 group increased significantly. By contrast, RBC counts in the 4 Gy+SR1 group markedly decreased (t=4.301, P<0.05) compared with those in the control group. CFU-GM was higher in the 4 Gy+SR1 group than in the 4 Gy group (3.4±1.7 vs. 13.6±6.7, t=3.323, P<0.05). The ROS levels of BMNC and HSC were obviously induced by radiation but could be rescued by SR1 treatment. Compared with that in the 4 Gy group, the ROS level in the 4 Gy+SR1 group significantly decreased in BMNC (t=3.962, P<0.05) and HSC (t=2.530, P<0.05). Changes in NOX4 expression levels were consistent with those of ROS levels after radiation. The NOX4 expression of BMNC and HSC markedly decreased in the 4 Gy+SR1 group compared with that in the 4 Gy group (t=2.310, 2.848; both P<0.05). SR1 could promote immunocytes proportions. The CD3+ T cell proportion increased in the 4 Gy+SR1 group compared with that in the 4 Gy group ((8.512±3.716)% vs. (16.140±1.969)%, t=4.056, P<0.05). In addition, the B220+ cell proportion in the 4 Gy+SR1 group increased compared with that in the 4 Gy group ((0.608±0.267)% vs. (7.240±2.828)%, t=4.027, P<0.05). Conclusion The AHR antagonist SR1 could alleviate radiation-induced hematopoietic system injury in mice.
2021, 45(6): 370-375.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121381-202005045-00061
Abstract:
Objective To have a comprehensive knowledge of the development status of nuclear medicine in medical institutions in Beijing so as to provide data for national authorities that they can use in allocating medical resources and formulating medical policies. Methods In 2019, medical units in Beijing with departments related to nuclear medicine were surveyed via questionnaires. The questionnaires were distributed via email or on-site submission. The contents of the questionnaire included general information on medical institution, business setting, scale of installation of imaging equipment, staff information, diagnosis and treatment workload, information on license to use radiopharmaceuticals, and teaching and scientific research workload. Results A total of 39 medical units were found to be engaged in nuclear medicine in Beijing, most of which were in tertiary hospitals (87.2%, 34/39). In these units, a total of 40 departments were related to nuclear medicine, one of which had an independent nuclear medicine department and an independent PET/CT center. The size of the entire nuclear medicine departments in Beijing was 35 000 m2. These departments had 596 staff but few nuclear medicine physicists and radiochemists. Among the 40 departments, 30 (75.0%) provided outpatient service, 28 (70.0%) performed radionuclide therapy, 37 (92.5%) offered single photon imaging, and 16 (40.0%) conducted positron imaging. Collectively, these departments had 83 pieces of large-scale nuclear medicine imaging equipment, including 21 PET/CT machines. In 2019, these departments performed 232 838 imaging cases and 7760 therapy cases, of which 28 medical units administered radionuclide therapy. However, the number of conventional radionuclide imaging projects and radionuclide treatment projects that these departments collectively conducted were relatively few. All 40 departments had a license to use radiopharmaceuticals, of which 5 departments had a license to use class Ⅳ radiopharmaceuticals (12.5%). These departments had 12 standardized training bases for nuclear medicine residents in Beijing and 106 ongoing projects, 29 departments had teaching tasks. Conclusions The nuclear medicine department system in Beijing has taken shape. Planning and management have achieved initial results, but the training of professional talents must be strengthened further. Moreover, the development and clinical transformation of innovative radiopharmaceuticals must be promoted and developed.
2021, 45(6): 376-382.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121381-202102027-00043
Abstract:
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a type of heterogeneous malignancies originating from the neuroendocrine system. Well-differentiated NETs can express high levels of somatostatin receptor (SSTR). Radioisotope-labeled somatostatin analogue can realize functional imaging in NETs by specifically binding to SSTR, which is crucial for the diagnosis and clinical management of NETs patients. In recent years, a variety of tracers targeting SSTR have been developed successfully, paving the avenue towards the precision medicine in NETs. The authors summarizs the development of SSTR imaging agents for SPECT or PET and their clinical applications in NETs.
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a type of heterogeneous malignancies originating from the neuroendocrine system. Well-differentiated NETs can express high levels of somatostatin receptor (SSTR). Radioisotope-labeled somatostatin analogue can realize functional imaging in NETs by specifically binding to SSTR, which is crucial for the diagnosis and clinical management of NETs patients. In recent years, a variety of tracers targeting SSTR have been developed successfully, paving the avenue towards the precision medicine in NETs. The authors summarizs the development of SSTR imaging agents for SPECT or PET and their clinical applications in NETs.
2021, 45(6): 383-390.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121381-202006007-00051
Abstract:
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been widely used in biomedical research in recent years due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Radionuclide-labeled GNPs can be used for single-model and multimodel molecular imaging of diseases. Furthermore, they can also be used for theranostics of diseases by utilizing the characteristics of the labeled radionuclide, the photothermal effect and radiosensitization of GNPs, or further loading therapeutic agents. This review mainly illustrates the preparation of radionuclide-labeled GNPs and their recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors.
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been widely used in biomedical research in recent years due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Radionuclide-labeled GNPs can be used for single-model and multimodel molecular imaging of diseases. Furthermore, they can also be used for theranostics of diseases by utilizing the characteristics of the labeled radionuclide, the photothermal effect and radiosensitization of GNPs, or further loading therapeutic agents. This review mainly illustrates the preparation of radionuclide-labeled GNPs and their recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors.
2021, 45(6): 391-395.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121381-202004001-00052
Abstract:
Bone density is the best quantitative indicator for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. The bone density of lumbar spine and hip measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry is the gold standard for the clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis. For some patients, such as age, diseases and other factors resulting in inaccurate results of the lumbar spine and the hip bone density detection, forearm bone density test can be used as a powerful supplement to the routine bone density detection. This article reviews the application value, advantages and problems of forearm bone density detection in osteoporosis.
Bone density is the best quantitative indicator for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. The bone density of lumbar spine and hip measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry is the gold standard for the clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis. For some patients, such as age, diseases and other factors resulting in inaccurate results of the lumbar spine and the hip bone density detection, forearm bone density test can be used as a powerful supplement to the routine bone density detection. This article reviews the application value, advantages and problems of forearm bone density detection in osteoporosis.
2021, 45(6): 396-402.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121381-202006045-00067
Abstract:
Vascular endothelial cells (VEC), a single layer of flat cells lines the arteries, veins and capillaries, are sensitive to ionizing radiation (IR). IR is able to induce apoptosis and senescence in VEC. Senescent VEC shows a variety of senescent phenotypes, which further result in endothelial dysfunction. This paper reviews the characteristic of IR-induced VEC senescence, as well as its related functional mechanisms by which IR-induced senescent VEC plays a role in vascular diseases.
Vascular endothelial cells (VEC), a single layer of flat cells lines the arteries, veins and capillaries, are sensitive to ionizing radiation (IR). IR is able to induce apoptosis and senescence in VEC. Senescent VEC shows a variety of senescent phenotypes, which further result in endothelial dysfunction. This paper reviews the characteristic of IR-induced VEC senescence, as well as its related functional mechanisms by which IR-induced senescent VEC plays a role in vascular diseases.
2021, 45(6): 403-408.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121381-202007025-00054
Abstract:
Angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs), a class of secreted glycoproteins with a similar structure to angiopoietin, play a pivotal role in solid tumors invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and apoptosis. As the prominent feature of the tumor microenvironment, hypoxia affects tumor progression and therapeutic effect through mediating multiple biological processes. Some ANGPTLs can act as downstream target genes of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 to regulate tumor physiological functions. Therefore, elucidating the effect and mechanism of ANGPTLs in tumor is of essential significance for improving the tumor cure rate and prognosis. In this article, a brief outline of the biological characteristics of the ANGPTLs family and their possible roles in tumorigenesis, development and hypoxic microenviroment is presented.
Angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs), a class of secreted glycoproteins with a similar structure to angiopoietin, play a pivotal role in solid tumors invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and apoptosis. As the prominent feature of the tumor microenvironment, hypoxia affects tumor progression and therapeutic effect through mediating multiple biological processes. Some ANGPTLs can act as downstream target genes of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 to regulate tumor physiological functions. Therefore, elucidating the effect and mechanism of ANGPTLs in tumor is of essential significance for improving the tumor cure rate and prognosis. In this article, a brief outline of the biological characteristics of the ANGPTLs family and their possible roles in tumorigenesis, development and hypoxic microenviroment is presented.
2021, 45(6): 409-410.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121381-202006024-00055
Abstract:
The author reported a case of sebaceous dysplasia, which was treated by radiotherapy with 90Sr applicator. Sebaceous dysplasia is caused by physiological variation and dysplasia of sebaceous glands. This case presents as a miliary, pale white, papular lesion in the upper lip. 90Sr applicator has the advantages of painless, simple operation, obvious curative effect, mild adverse reaction and no obvious sequelae in the treatment of sebaceous dysplasia.
The author reported a case of sebaceous dysplasia, which was treated by radiotherapy with 90Sr applicator. Sebaceous dysplasia is caused by physiological variation and dysplasia of sebaceous glands. This case presents as a miliary, pale white, papular lesion in the upper lip. 90Sr applicator has the advantages of painless, simple operation, obvious curative effect, mild adverse reaction and no obvious sequelae in the treatment of sebaceous dysplasia.
Submit
Author Login
Referees
Editor-in-Chief
Editor Center
Email alert
RSS
