2017 Vol. 41, No. 5
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2017, 41(5): 307-313.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2017.05.001
Abstract:
Objective To incorporate 131I i nto the fifth generation polyamidoamine(PAMAM (G5.0)) with the targeting peptide Ser-Arg-Glu-Ser-Pro-His-Pro(SRESPHP)(SR for short) and observe the in vitro properties for the targeting probe of medullary carcinoma cells (MTCs). Methods PAMAM (G5.0)-SR and PAMAM(G5.0) were radiolabeled with 131I by chloramine T. Labeling yield and stability were determined by thin layer chromatography. Lipid -water partition coefficients were also evaluated. The targeting of the two types of 131I-radiotracers(131I-PAMAM(G5.0)-SR and 131I-PAMAM(G5.0)) was determined in a blocking uptake study where TT tumor cells were used. The median lethal dose of the two probes was then calculated. GraphPad Prism 5.01 analysis software was used to conduct a t-test for the data that fit the normal distribution and homogeneity of variance. Results The labeling yields of the two types of 131I radiotracers all exceeded 70%, and the radiochemical purity levels were higher than 90% after purification. The stability of the two probes in the PBS system was satisfactory, and both probes showed excellent water solubility. The results of the blocking uptake study on the TT cells showed that the cell uptake rate decreased significantly (t=7.315, 22.590, 22.570, all P < 0.01) after the PAMAM (G5.0)-SR blocked the 131I-PAMAM (G5.0)-SR. This result indicated that 131I-PAMAM (G5.0)-SR achieved excellent targeting and that its median lethal dose was only 513.6 kBq/mL. The cell uptake results showed that the cell uptake rate of 131I-PAMAM (G5.0)-SR with a median lethal dose gradually decreased with time. However, cell uptake rate increased for 48 h before it decreased again. Conclusion 131I-PAMAM (G5.0)-SR can target medullary thyroid carcinoma cells and thus inhibit cell proliferation.
2017, 41(5): 314-320.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2017.05.002
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the protective effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) on ovarian function in rats during pelvic irradiation and its possible mechanism. Methods 1. Five female Fischer-344 rats were subcutaneously injected with 0.25 mg of GnRHa. Changes in serum follicle -stimulating hormone(FSH), estradiol(E2), and anti -mullerian hormone(AMH) levels were observed continually. 2. Forty female rats were randomly divided into four groups(Control, GnRHa, R, and GnRHa+ R) and given their corresponding treatments. At 20 days after pelvic irradiation, the weight; ovarian wet weight; serum FSH, E2, and AMH levels; and follicular numbers of the four groups were compared using one-way ANOVA and independent-sample t-test. The apoptotic index and microvessel density(MVD) in the ovarian tissue of each group were also compared. Results 1. Treatment with GnRHa inhibited ovarian function. Under this treatment, serum FSH and E2 declined, reached the minimum values in approximately 15 days, and then normalized in approximately 20 days. 2. After pelvic radiotherapy, the GnRHa+R and R groups showed different degrees of ovarian function damage compared with the control group, but the damage to the GnRHa +R group was less severe compared with that to the other groups. The GnRHa +R group showed higher E2(t=12.79, P < 0.01), lower FSH(t=4.65, P < 0.01), and relatively higher AMH (t=5.65, P < 0.01) compared with the R group. Follicular classification revealed significantly more primordial and primary follicles in the GnRHa+R group than in the R group(t=7.70, P < 0.01). Tunnel and CD31 staining showed that the apoptotic index and MVD were significantly higher in the R group than in the GnRHa+R group(t=8.20 and 9.83, both P < 0.05). Conclusions Administration of GnRHa before radiotherapy can significantly decrease radiation damage to ovarian function in rats. GnRHa exerts its protective effect against ovarian functional impairment by inhibiting follicular development in primordial and primary follicles. It decreases the blood supply and oxygen of ovarian tissue, thereby reducing the radiation sensitivity of the ovary.
2017, 41(5): 321-324.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2017.05.003
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of SPECT/CT on lumbar vertebral transverse process fracture (LTF). Methods From June 2013 to June 2015, 203 patients with flank pain were collected by X-ray eliminating lumbar vertebral degeneration or bone metastasis. A total of 42 patients with 49 LTF lesions confirmed by pathology or follow-up over six months of imaging underwent both SPECT/CT and CT examinations. Imaging findings in all patients were analyzed independently. The prevalence of lesion was statistically analyzed using χ2 test. Results SPECT/CT was able to detect 45 lesions, wherein 4, 12, 21, 8, 0 lesions were observed from L1 (the first lumbar) to L5 (the fifth lumbar), respectively. Meanwhile, the CT images showed 38 lesions. Significant differences were observed between SPECT/CT and CT (χ2=4.0, P < 0.05). Conclusion SPECT/CT imaging was significantly superior to CT in diagnosis of LTF.
2017, 41(5): 325-330, 346.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2017.05.004
Abstract:
Objective To compare choline (11C-CHO) PET/CT, conventional 18F-FDG PET/CT, 18F-FDG double-phase PET/CT, and 11C-CHO PET/CT +18F-FDG double-phase PET/CT imaging combined with high-resolution computed tomography(HRCT) to determine whether differential diagnosis value for solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) is benign or malignant. Methods This study included 28 patients who were clinically diagnosed with SPN. Patients were injected with 18F-FDG then subjected to PET/CT scan after 1 and 2 h and were injected with 11C-CHO then subjected to PET/CT scan again after 10 min. PET images were analyzed by SPN maximum section ROI and SUVmax as a semi-quantitative index, wherein values higher than 2.5 are considered positive for SPN. SUVmax in routine were compared with that in delayed 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging, wherein an increase of more than 10% indicates malignant lesions (positive), whereas a decrease or increase by less than 10% indicates benign lesions (negative). Benign or malignant lesion were analyzed with lobulation, short spiculation and pleural tail sign, air bronchogram, vascular convergence sign, and vacuole sign in HRCT imaging. All cases were analyzed and clinically followed-up. Imaging diagnoses were compared with pathological results or clinical follow -up. SUVmax comparisons between groups were tested by t-test and the enumeration data were compared by analysis of variance. Results Twenty -eight patients were pathologically diagnosed and clinically followed-up. Seventeen patients were diagnosed with lung cancer, seven with tuberculosis, and four with sarcoidosis. Twenty patients were confirmed by routine 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging, 24 by double-phase 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging, 23 by routine 11C-CHO PET/CT imaging, and 27 by 11C -CHO PET/CT + 18F -FDG double -phase PET/CT + HRCT. 18F -FDG and 11C -CHO SUVmax in benign or malignant nodules in 28 patients were analyzed. Differences were statistically significant(t=10.57 and 13.19, both P < 0.05). A significant difference exists between benign and malignant nodules in the leaf, burr, pleural tail sign, and vascular bundle sign(χ2=9.27, 10.36, 14.31, and 17.52, all P < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 11C -CHO +18F -FDG dual phase PET/CT +HRCT were 90.0%, 91.7% and 96.4%, significantly higher than that of the others uncombined imaging. Conclusion 11C-CHO PET/CT + 18F-FDG dual-phase PET/CT+HRCT can determine whether SPN is benign or malignant. Combine the three scan models will improve diagnostic efficiency of SPN.
2017, 41(5): 331-334.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2017.05.005
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the clinical value of total and half glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measured through 99Tcm-DTPA renal dynamic imaging during radical nephrectomy. Methods The total and half GFRs of 60 patients with renal tumors were measured and analyzed through renal dynamic imaging prior to surgery. The patients were divided into two groups in accordance with renal tumor diameter (≥ 4 cm or < 4 cm). Then, the correlation between decreased preoperative GFR and tumor size was determined. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to detect the predictors of renal insufficiency for the evaluation of the clinical value of total and half GFRs in operated patients. Results The average GFR of the affected kidney in the group with tumors less than 4 cm in diameter was (52.94±8.57) mL/min, whereas that of the group with tumors greater than 4 cm in diameter was (45.78±13.27) mL/min. The preoperative GFR of the affected side (t=2.152, P < 0.05) of the two groups were significantly different. Meanwhile, the preoperative GFR of the unaffected side and total kidney of the two groups were not significantly different (t=1.852, 1.255, both P>0.05). The ratio of postoperative new renal insufficiency was 21.6%. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the decreased preoperative GFR of the unaffected side (OR=3.6, P < 0.05) and total kidney (OR=5.64, P < 0.05) are independent risk factors of postoperative renal insufficiency. Conclusion Total and half renal functions determined through renal dynamic imaging are clinically valu-able in the preoperative direction and evaluation of renal insufficiency.
2017, 41(5): 335-339.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2017.05.006
Abstract:
Objective To explore the clinical significance of standardizing the post -processing photos of craniocervical CT angiography(CTA). Methods Post-processing photos of craniocervical CTA of 30 cases in Sanmenxia central hospital and 30 cases in Henan provincial people's hospital were collected and divided into two groups(group A and group B). The image sequence, expression, and rapid and accurate positioning were evaluated subjectively, and the t-test was used in the two groups. Results The photographic format satisfaction, positioning speed and accuracy of the blood vessels were statistically significant in the two groups (t=6.30 and 7.01, both P < 0.01). This result illustrated that the photographic format of craniocervical CTA for the rapid and accurate localization of a vascular lesion is more advantageous in group A than in group B. Conclusion Standardizing the craniocervical CTA photographic format could shorten the interpretation time of clinicians and obviously reduce the error rate.
2017, 41(5): 340-346.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2017.05.007
Abstract:
Objective To explore the effects of (hepatitis B X-interacting protein) HBXIP downregulation on the proliferation and radiosensitivity of cervical cancer ME-180 cells. Method According to the different treatment methods, cervical cancer ME -180 cells were divided into different groups:(1) The cervical cancer ME -180 cells were divided into 4 groups:control group, 4 Gy γ ray irradiation group, HBXIP-siRNA transfection group and HBXIP-siRNA transfection+γ ray irradiation group. cervical cancer ME-180 cell proliferation was detected by MTT and clonogenic assays. The expression of Bcl-2 and Bid mRNA was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the phosphorylation of AKT protein was measured by Western blot analysis. (2) The cervical cancer ME-180 cells were divided into 3 groups:control group, HBXIP-siRNA transfection group and HBXIP-siRNA+AKT transfection group. Then the three groups of cells were irradiated with different doses of γ ray, and the cervical cancer ME-180 cell proliferation was detected by clonogenic assay. Statistical significance of the results was determined by SPSS statistical software and analyzed by Student t-test. P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results MTT and clonogenic assays showed that, compared with the cells irradiated alone, the cervical cancer ME-180 cells irradiated in the presence of HBXIP-siRNA had significantly decreased proliferation (t=11.63, 12.17, P < 0.01). The decreased proliferation was accompanied by a decreased expression of Bcl-2 protein (t=10.88, P < 0.01) and an increased expression of Bid protein (t=9.31, P < 0.01). The transfection with HBXIP-siRNA inhibited the increased HBXIP protein expression and AKT phosphorylation, which were caused by radiation. The enhanced AKT expression significantly reduced the HBXIP -siRNA inhibition of cervical cancer ME-180 cell proliferation after irradiation as compared with that of the HBXIP-siRNA alone (t=8.96, P < 0.01). Conclusion HBXIP down -regulation reduced the proliferation and increased the radiosensitivity of cervical cancer ME-180 cells by mediating AKT activation.
2017, 41(5): 347-352.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2017.05.008
Abstract:
Retinal synthetic functions are adjusted by various neurotransmitters(e.g., γ-aminobutyric acid, dopamine, 5 -hydroxytryptamine, and σ receptor) and can be visualized through nuclear receptor imaging. This technology has rapidly advanced in recent years with the development of nuclear medical equipment and agents. Retinal receptor imaging has become a pioneer medical technique that combines molecular biology, nuclear medicine, and ophthalmology. This article provides a brief introduction on the latest advances in retinal neurotransmitters and describes recent studies on retinal receptor molecular imaging.
Retinal synthetic functions are adjusted by various neurotransmitters(e.g., γ-aminobutyric acid, dopamine, 5 -hydroxytryptamine, and σ receptor) and can be visualized through nuclear receptor imaging. This technology has rapidly advanced in recent years with the development of nuclear medical equipment and agents. Retinal receptor imaging has become a pioneer medical technique that combines molecular biology, nuclear medicine, and ophthalmology. This article provides a brief introduction on the latest advances in retinal neurotransmitters and describes recent studies on retinal receptor molecular imaging.
2017, 41(5): 353-358.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2017.05.009
Abstract:
Ionizing radiation damage is not only a public health problem but is also a national security issue. Excellent treatment effect, high safety, and small side effects of radioprotective agents have been the goal of scientists attempting to study this concern. In recent years, research on radioprotective agents, along with the development of molecular biology, immunology, and other disciplines, has reached an advanced breakthrough. At present, drugs such as 5-androstenediol (5-AED), CBLB502, Ex-RAD, and HemaMax have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for clinical trials, and newly discovered drugs such as LY294002 and 17 -DMAG are under development. This paper is based on the recent discoveries and progress of foreign -related publications and patents in the field of radiation protection. New advances in drugs, as well as anti-radiation drugs for acute radiation syndrome, have been the focus of recent studies.
Ionizing radiation damage is not only a public health problem but is also a national security issue. Excellent treatment effect, high safety, and small side effects of radioprotective agents have been the goal of scientists attempting to study this concern. In recent years, research on radioprotective agents, along with the development of molecular biology, immunology, and other disciplines, has reached an advanced breakthrough. At present, drugs such as 5-androstenediol (5-AED), CBLB502, Ex-RAD, and HemaMax have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for clinical trials, and newly discovered drugs such as LY294002 and 17 -DMAG are under development. This paper is based on the recent discoveries and progress of foreign -related publications and patents in the field of radiation protection. New advances in drugs, as well as anti-radiation drugs for acute radiation syndrome, have been the focus of recent studies.
2017, 41(5): 359-362, 369.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2017.05.010
Abstract:
Retinal synthetic functions are adjusted by various neurotransmitters(e.g., γ-aminobutyric acid, dopamine, 5 -hydroxytryptamine, and σ receptor) and can be visualized through nuclear receptor imaging. This technology has rapidly advanced in recent years with the development of nuclear medical equipment and agents. Retinal receptor imaging has become a pioneer medical technique that combines molecular biology, nuclear medicine, and ophthalmology. This article provides a brief introduction on the latest advances in retinal neurotransmitters and describes recent studies on retinal receptor molecular imaging.
Retinal synthetic functions are adjusted by various neurotransmitters(e.g., γ-aminobutyric acid, dopamine, 5 -hydroxytryptamine, and σ receptor) and can be visualized through nuclear receptor imaging. This technology has rapidly advanced in recent years with the development of nuclear medical equipment and agents. Retinal receptor imaging has become a pioneer medical technique that combines molecular biology, nuclear medicine, and ophthalmology. This article provides a brief introduction on the latest advances in retinal neurotransmitters and describes recent studies on retinal receptor molecular imaging.
2017, 41(5): 363-369.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2017.05.011
Abstract:
Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth, and anti-angiogenesis therapy has gained increasing attention in clinical oncology. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying anti-angiogenic therapeutics and cancer cell resistance to these drugs remain unclear. Non-invasive nuclide molecular imaging can be used to determine the mechanism of basic drugs and drug-resistant pathways. This tool can also be utilized to personalize anti-angiogenic therapy by enabling target expression quantification prior to and during treatment. This review focuses on the development of radio-labeled probes for imaging the following key proteins expressed during angiogenesis:vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor integrin αvβ3, the extracellular domain of fibronectin, and matrix metalloproteases. This review also discusses the potential of these probes for individualized anti-angiogenesis therapy.
Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth, and anti-angiogenesis therapy has gained increasing attention in clinical oncology. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying anti-angiogenic therapeutics and cancer cell resistance to these drugs remain unclear. Non-invasive nuclide molecular imaging can be used to determine the mechanism of basic drugs and drug-resistant pathways. This tool can also be utilized to personalize anti-angiogenic therapy by enabling target expression quantification prior to and during treatment. This review focuses on the development of radio-labeled probes for imaging the following key proteins expressed during angiogenesis:vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor integrin αvβ3, the extracellular domain of fibronectin, and matrix metalloproteases. This review also discusses the potential of these probes for individualized anti-angiogenesis therapy.
2017, 41(5): 370-373.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2017.05.012
Abstract:
When it comes to 131I radioiodine whole-body scan, normal thyroid tissue and differentiated thyroid cancer(DTC) can uptake radioiodine, so does the non-thyroid tissue to some extent. The understanding of the possible explanations for the abnormal radioiodine uptake in the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity tissue on I-131 radioiodine whole-body scan is of great importance to clinical diagnosis. The relevant reports about this field are reviewed.
When it comes to 131I radioiodine whole-body scan, normal thyroid tissue and differentiated thyroid cancer(DTC) can uptake radioiodine, so does the non-thyroid tissue to some extent. The understanding of the possible explanations for the abnormal radioiodine uptake in the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity tissue on I-131 radioiodine whole-body scan is of great importance to clinical diagnosis. The relevant reports about this field are reviewed.
2017, 41(5): 374-378.
doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4114.2017.05.013
Abstract:
Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis (ISCM) is a dangerous metastatic disease among advanced cancer patients with tumor metastases in the spinal cord because it compresses the spinal cord or nerve root. This phenomenon can cause pain, hypoesthesia, or numbness, especially in severe cases, leading to paralysis of the body and significantly reduced quality of life. With the increase in tumor morbidity and the application of new imaging diagnostic techniques in clinical practice, the detection rate of ISCM has significantly improved. Unfortunately, a consensus on ISCM treatment remains lacking to date. In addition, the role of radiotherapy in previous ISCM treatment strategies is limited. However, the development and improvement of radiotherapy have rendered this technology the main treatment for patients who cannot be treated surgically or are insensitive to chemotherapy. This article reviews the progress in imaging diagnosis and treatment of ISCM.
Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis (ISCM) is a dangerous metastatic disease among advanced cancer patients with tumor metastases in the spinal cord because it compresses the spinal cord or nerve root. This phenomenon can cause pain, hypoesthesia, or numbness, especially in severe cases, leading to paralysis of the body and significantly reduced quality of life. With the increase in tumor morbidity and the application of new imaging diagnostic techniques in clinical practice, the detection rate of ISCM has significantly improved. Unfortunately, a consensus on ISCM treatment remains lacking to date. In addition, the role of radiotherapy in previous ISCM treatment strategies is limited. However, the development and improvement of radiotherapy have rendered this technology the main treatment for patients who cannot be treated surgically or are insensitive to chemotherapy. This article reviews the progress in imaging diagnosis and treatment of ISCM.
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